scholarly journals Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auri Brackmann ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Rogerio de Oliveira Anese ◽  
Vanderlei Both
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on gas diffusion and on metabolism of 'Brookfield' apple, and to determine their correlation with quality characteristics of fruit stored in controlled atmosphere. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. After eight months of storage, the effects of water (control), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), ethephon + NAA, sole NAA, 1-MCP, ethylene absorption by potassium permanganate (ABS), AVG + ABS, and of AVG + 1-MCP - applied at different rates and periods - were evaluated on: gas diffusion rate, ethylene production, respiratory rate, internal ethylene concentration, internal CO2 content, mealiness, and intercellular space. Fruit from the control and sole NAA treatments had the highest mealiness occurrence. Growth regulators significantly changed the gaseous diffusion through the pulp of 'Brookfield' apple, mainly in the treatment AVG + ABS, which kept the highest gas diffusion rate. NAA spraying in the field, with or without another growth regulator, increased ripening metabolism by rising ethylene production and respiration rate, and reduced gas diffusion during shelf life. AVG spraying cannot avoid the ethephon effect during the ripening process, and reduces both the internal space and mealiness incidence, but it is not able to induce ethylene production or to increase respiration rates.

scholarly journals ETHANOL AND NITRIC OXIDE IN QUALITY MAINTENANCE OF ‘GALAXY’ APPLES STORED UNDER CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
AURI BRACKMANN ◽  
VAGNER LUDWIG ◽  
FABIO RODRIGO THEWES ◽  
ROGERIO OLIVEIRA ANESE ◽  
ERANI ELISEU SCHULTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ethanol and two nitric oxide dose applications on the maintenance of the post-storage quality of ‘Galaxy’ apple during storage under controlled atmosphere (CA). Treatments evaluated were: [1] 1.2 kPa O2 + 2.0 kPa CO2; [2] CA + 20 µL L-1 of nitric oxide, [3] CA + 40 µL L-1 of nitric oxide; [4] CA + 1 ml of ethanol kg-1 fruit. Fruits received treatments before storage and were kept under CA during eight months and seven days of storage at 20 °C. Fruits had been kept on CA for eight months and seven days at 20° C. Fruits treated with ethanol showed higher ethylene production, low flesh firmness, high flesh breakdown, mealiness and acetaldehyde production. Fruits treated with 40 µL L-1 nitric oxide showed lower ethylene production, respiration rate and ACC oxidase ( (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) oxidase enzyme activity. Apples treated with 20 uL L-1 nitric oxide showed higher ethylene production, respiration rate, internal ethylene concentration CO2 and ethanol concentration. Ethanol and nitric oxide application before storage have no benefits in maintaining fruit quality after storage under CA due to lower flesh firmness, higher mealiness incidence, flesh breakdown and decay incidence.

Photocatalysis: A Powerful Technology for Cold Storage Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kartheuser ◽  
C. Boonaert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Ethylene Receptors ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Small Producers

AbstractMost fruits and vegetables have to be stored in cold and controlled atmospheres. Vegetables and climacteric fruits are very sensitive to the presence of ethylene gas, which acts as a ripening hormone and plays a regulatory role in many plant metabolic processes. Produce and flowers display ethylene receptors at their surface. Their actuation promotes ethylene production by the fruit itself, accelerating its ripening and aging. One way to moderate ethylene production is to slow down the metabolism by keeping the produce in a controlled atmosphere (2% oxygen, 2-5% carbon dioxide, 93-96% nitrogen). In this study, the control of ethylene concentration is performed in ambient air by using a photocatalytic converter, which mineralises ethylene into water and carbon dioxide. This device appears, therefore, as a flexible and inexpensive alternative to the catalytic converter for small producers.

scholarly journals Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

scholarly journals Fruit quality preservation of 'Laetitia' plums under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO ANDRÉ STEFFENS ◽  
CASSANDRO V.T. DO AMARANTE ◽  
ERLANI O. ALVES ◽  
AURI BRACKMANN
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Red Color ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) on quality preservation of ‘Laetitia’ plums, mainly on internal breakdown, in order to determine the best CA storage conditions. Two experiments were carried out one in 2010, and another in 2011. In 2010, besides cold storage (CS; 21.0 kPa O2 + 0.03 kPa CO2), the fruits were stored under the following CA conditions (kPa O2+kPa CO2): 1+3, 1+5, 2+5, 2+10, and 11+10. In 2011, the fruits were stored under CS and CA of 1+0, 1+1, 2+1, and 2+2. The fruit stored under different CA conditions had lower respiration and ethylene production, better preservation of flesh firmness, texture and titratable acidity, lower skin red color, and lower incidence of skin cracking than the fruit in CS. In 2010, the fruit under CA with 2+5, 1+5, and 1+3 had a pronounced delay in ripening, although it exhibited a high incidence of internal breakdown. In 2011, the CA conditions with 2+1 and 2+2 provided the best delay in ripening and a reduced incidence of internal breakdown. The best CA condition for cold storage (at 0.5°C) of ‘Laetitia’ plums is 2 kPa O2 + 2 kPa CO2.

scholarly journals Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Inhibits Fruit Abscission Induced by Naphthaleneacetic Acid and Associated Relationships with Expression of Genes for Ethylene Biosynthesis, Perception, and Cell Wall Degradation in ‘Delicious’ Apples

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Eric P. Beers ◽  
Rongcai Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on young fruit abscission, leaf and fruit ethylene production, and expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and cell wall degradation were examined in ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). NAA at 15 mg·L−1 increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit when applied at the 11-mm stage of fruit development, whereas AVG, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, at 250 mg·L−1 reduced NAA-induced fruit abscission and ethylene production of leaves and fruit. NAA also increased expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes (MdACS5A and MdACS5B), ACC oxidase gene (MdACO1), and ethylene receptor genes (MdETR1a, MdETR1b, MdETR2, MdERS1, and MdERS2) in fruit cortex and fruit abscission zones. However, AVG reduced NAA-induced expression of these genes except for MdERS2 in fruit abscission zones. NAA increased expression of the polygalacturonase gene MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones but not in fruit cortex, whereas AVG reduced NAA-enhanced expression of MdPG2 in fruit abscission zones. The expression of β-1,4-glucanase gene MdCel1 in fruit abscission zones was decreased by NAA but was unaffected by AVG. Our results suggest that ethylene biosynthesis, ethylene perception, and the MdPG2 gene are involved in young fruit abscission caused by NAA.

scholarly journals In vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration of Passiflora xishuangbannaensis, a species with extremely small populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yuan Meng ◽  
Shi-jie Song ◽  
Sven Landrein
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species

Abstract Passiflora xishuangbannaensis (Passifloraceae) is endemic to a few sites of Mengyang nature reserve in Yunnan, Xishuangbanna and less than 40 individuals have been recorded. Nine Passiflora species are endemic to Yunnan with most species occurring in South America, making P. xishuangbannaensis highly significant and emblematic to the conservation work in the region. This study is designed to provide the first protocol for in vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration for ex situ conservation and reintroduction for an Asian Passiflora species. Using internodes, petioles and tendrils we optimize calli formation and root elongation using several plant growth regulators, individually or in combination. We also assess the genetic stability of regenerated cells. The maximum callus induction and shoot bud differentiation were both achieved on half Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.44 µM 6-Benzylaminopurine and 1.08 µM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. The best rooting was achieved from 30 days old, regenerated shoots on half Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 1.08 µM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. Micropropagated plants were subjected to inter simple sequence repeat markers analyses. Collectively, 86 bands were generated from 6 primers of which 12 bands were polymorphic, showing genetic variation between the regenerated plantlets and the original plant. Response to plant growth regulators was more specific than most other studies using South American species, which could be explained by the morphological and physiological differences between South American and Asian Passiflora species

scholarly journals Effects of the growth regulators for the induction of somatic embryos from explants in an endemic and threatened Echinocactus parryi Engelm.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-447
Author(s):  
Dolores Adilene García-González ◽  
◽  
María del Socorro Santos-Díaz ◽  
Juan Pedro Flores-Margez ◽  
Pedro Osuna-Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Green Callus ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Mature Seeds

Introduction: The list of threatened species is enhancing and needs to be revised by integrating plant tissue culture tools with conventional techniques that support the appropriate management of these species. Objective: To assess the effects of the growth regulators for the induction of somatic embryos from mature seeds, shoots, and compact green callus of Echinocactus parryi Engelm. and the histological analysis of the embryogenic structures. Materials and methods: A completely randomized design was utilized to evaluate three types of explants (apical, medium, and basal) cultured on basal Murashige & Skoog media (MS) with different growth regulators concentrations (2, 4-D [dichlorophenoxy acetic acid], BAP [6-benzylaminopurine] and kinetin, at four levels: 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg∙L -1 ). Histological analysis of the embryogenic structures was performed. Results and discussion: The 2, 4-D induced both embryogenic and organogenic callus from seeds and shoot explants. The globular stage did not evolve to their maturity, presumably because of 2, 4-D accumulation. The compact callus explants were the more efficient to induce 19.2 somatic embryos per explant when they were cultured in the medium with 0.5 mg∙L -1 kinetin. However, the latest phases did not germinate, probably due to abnormalities generated by genetic and epigenetic changes in the DNA that can cause abnormal somatic embryos. The histology image demonstrated that the globular and torpedo structures were visible under a microscope showing stained nucleus and numerous starch grains. Conclusions: E. parryi is a species that can produce a high number of embryogenic structures, which represents a great potential to grow massive plants.

scholarly journals In vitro Multiplication of the Pitcher Plant Sarracenia Purpurea

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ileana MICLEA ◽  
Rita BERNAT
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Pitcher Plant ◽  
Frame Number

The aim of the current research was to find the best plant growth regulators for the multiplication of Sarracenia purpurea. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) was prepared with macronutrients and micronutrients at 1/3 strength, full strength vitamins, supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose and 5 g/l phytagel and autoclaved. After cooling 0.5 mg\l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 5 mg\l 6-benzyladenine (BA) or 0.5 mg\l NAA + 3 mg\l BA were added. Young S. purpurea plants were selected and transferred to media with or without plant growth regulators and cultured for 12 weeks. At the end of this time frame number of roots, root length (cm) and number of shoots were evaluated and differences were analysed by the analysis of variance and interpreted using the Tuckey test. The largest number of roots grew in medium supplemented with 0.5 mg\l NAA but the the absence of plant growth regulators increased their length. The best conditions for shoot multiplication were provided by supplementing 1/3MS with 5 mg\l BA.

scholarly journals Influence of growth regulators and nitrogenous compounds on in vitro bulblet formation and growth in oriental lily

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
V. Awasthi ◽  
K. Kanwar J
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Oriental Lily

The influence of growth regulators and nitrogenous compounds on in vitro bulblet formation and growth was studied in two hybrids of <i>Lilium</i>. Bulbscales isolated from pre-cooled bulbs of hybrids Rosato and Marco Polo were used. The basal portion with plate (5 &times; 6 mm) of inner bulbscales was cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 or 1 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and/or benzyladenine (BA). The presence of NAA (0.5 mg per dm<sup>3</sup>) showed higher explant regeneration, producing about three bulblets per explant as compared to control. About four bulblets per explant were produced at both concentrations of BA. The bulblets with significantly higher fresh weight were obtained on medium containing NAA. Approximately a three-fold increase of bulblet fresh weight was observed with all the concentrations of TDZ in both cultivars. The bulblets cultured with nitrogenous compounds after attaining the size of 14&minus;16 cm flowered during the second year of the growing period without any phenotypic variations.

scholarly journals The Induction of Adventitious Roots Regeneration before Transplanting Rootless Ficus elastica Heritage Tree

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Nelson Li ◽  
Pei-Chun Tu ◽  
Kuo-Chin Lo ◽  
Yu-Sen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
Heritage Trees ◽  
Heritage Tree

Heritage trees carry both botanical and historical value for a city’s resilience and sustainability and hence are precious and unique. Their transplant is costly and very rare due to tremendous cost and 100% survival requirement by law. Rootless transplant is even more detrimental to the heritage tree due to removal of roots infected by brown root rot (BRR) before transplanting. This study examined the adventitious roots (AR) induction ability of the Ficus elastica Roxb. heritage tree infected with BRR. The experimental design considered three factors: root diameter (RD), wounding method (WM), and auxin solution on aerial roots under fractional factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD). There were four RD groups: RDI (RD < 2 cm), RDII (2 ≤ RD ≤ 4.3 cm), RDIII (4.3 < RD ≤ 22), and RDIV (RD > 22); three WMs: cutting off (CF), girdling (GD), and rectangular shape peeling (RP) of aerial roots; and three auxin solutions: 2000 mg·L−1 IBA(Indole-3-butyric acid) (2B), 2000 mg·L−1 IBA + 2000 mg·L−1 NAA(1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) (2NB), and 4000 mg·L−1 IBA (4B) plus water as control (C). The number of rooting wounds, number of roots, and the mean length of the three longest adventitious roots in each wound were recorded to evaluate the AR rooting performance. Twenty four treatment combinations including 328 wounds were tested. The results showed that rooting ability was significantly correlated with RD and WM. Smaller RDs had better rooting and declined with increased RDs. CF had the best rooting followed by GD and then RP. Auxin solution did not significantly affect the rooting ability. It may be due to the abundant endogenous auxin in the heritage tree, which mitigated the effect of exogenous auxin for AR induction. We conclude that cutting off small-diameter aerial roots is the best approach to induce ARs from rootless F. elastica heritage trees to enhance transplantation success.

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