scholarly journals IP Things as Boundary Objects: The Case of the Copyright Work

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Madison
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Boundary Objects ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Boundary Object ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Overlapping Communities

The goal of this article is to initiate the exploration of the meanings and functions of the things of intellectual property: the work of authorship (or copyright work) in copyright, the invention in patent, and the mark and the sign in trademark. The article focuses firstly on the example of copyright work. Relevant challenges are both technological and conceptual, because these things blend the material and the immaterial. Works are neither as clearly defined nor as clearly limited as copyright law often suggests they are. To explain and justify that proposition, the article borrows from information science literature exploring boundary objects, which are stable physical and intangible things that align distinct but overlapping communities of practice in flexible ways, via interpretive openness. The article shows that the meanings of the work in copyright law can be unified conceptually in the sense that the work operates as a boundary object across a number of different legal and cultural divides. This view of the work clarifies the distinct status of relevant communities and practices in copyright but also bridges them in copyright’s construction and governance of culture. None of the boundaries represented in these boundary objects is fixed or impermeable. Their very dynamic and sometimes porous character is precisely the governance role illuminated here.

Sometimes Less is More

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-36
Author(s):  
Karen Keene ◽  
Chris Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Tangent Vector ◽  
Classroom Community ◽  
Mathematical Community ◽  
Boundary Objects ◽  
Boundary Object ◽  
Mathematical Activity ◽  
First Semester

As described in the communities of practice literature (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998), boundary objects are material things that interface two or more communities of practice. Extending this, Hoyles, Noss, Kent, and Bakker (2010) defined technology-enhanced boundary objects as, “software tools that adapt or extend symbolic artefacts identified from existing work practice, that are intended to act as boundary objects, for the purposes of employees’ learning and enhancing workplace communication” (p. 17). The authors adapt this idea to the undergraduate mathematics classroom and use the phrase “classroom technology-enhanced boundary object” to refer to a piece of software that acts as a boundary object between the classroom community and the mathematical community. They provide three extended examples of these objects as used in a first semester differential equations classroom to illustrate how students’ mathematical activity may advance as they interact with the software. These examples show how the applets operate to provide a way for the classroom community to implicitly encounter the mathematical community through the authentic practices of mathematics (Rasmussen, Zandieh, King, & Teppo, 2005). The first example centers on students beginning experience with a tangent vector field applet. The second example develops as the students learn more about solutions to differential equations and leads to a statement of the uniqueness theorem. In the third example, students use a specially designed applet that creates a numerical approximation and its associated image in 3-space relating to a non-technological visualization task that introduces solutions to systems of differential equations.

scholarly journals Classificação de objetos de fronteira na organização do conhecimento e o papel das ontologias | Classification of frontier objects in the knowledge organization and the role of ontologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linair Maria Campos
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Boundary Objects ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Boundary Object ◽  
General Role ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Different Types

RESUMO Objetos de fronteira (boundary objects) têm sido abordados na área da ciência da informação como objetos (concretos ou abstratos) usados como pontes de contato entre comunidades ou grupos, facilitando a sua comunicação e entendimento.Vários tipos de objetos de fronteira são exemplificados na literatura, cada qual desempenhando um papel específico, dentro do papel mais geral, de articulação de compreensão e troca de conhecimento entre comunidades que partilham algum objetivo em comum. Entretanto, essa diferenciação de papeis nem sempre é clara, dificultando o entendimento da finalidade e utilidade de tais instrumentos de acordo com suas características e com o problema que visam resolver. Especialmente quando um mesmo objeto de fronteira pode assumir mais de um papel de acordo com o seu uso, como é o caso das ontologias.O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar diferentes tipos de objetos de fronteira, a partir de uma revisão na literatura, e propor uma categorização com base em suas características e finalidades, de modo a situar os diferentes papéis que as ontologias podem assumir como objetos de fronteira, discutindo seu uso como tal. Como resultado, apresentamos um mapa conceitual de tipos de objetos de fronteira e uma exemplificação do papel das ontologias de acordo com o seu uso nesse contextoPalavras-chave: Objetos de Fronteira; Organização do Conhecimento; Ontologias.ABSTRACT Boundary objects have been approached in the area of Information Science as objects (concrete or abstract) used as bridges of contact between communities or groups, facilitating their communication and understanding. Several types of boundary objects are exemplified in the literature, each playing a specific role within the more general role of articulating understanding and knowledge exchange among communities that share some common goal. However, this differentiation of roles is not always clear, making it difficult to understand the purpose and utility of such instruments according to their characteristics and the problem they are intended to solve. Especially when the same boundary object can assume more than a role according to its use, as is the case of ontologies. The objective of this work is to investigate different types of frontier objects, based on a literature review, and to propose a categorization based on its characteristics and purposes. From this categorization, it is proposed to situate the different roles that ontologies can assume as border objects, discussing their use as such. As a result, we present a conceptual map of boundary object types and an exemplification of the role of ontologies according to their use in this context.Keywords: Boundary Objects; Knowledge Organization; Ontologies.

Fixing Improvisation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Kraut
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Tap Dance ◽  
American Vernacular ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter juxtaposes brief case studies of African American vernacular dancers from the first half of the twentieth century in order to reexamine the relationship between the ideology of intellectual property law and the traditions of jazz and tap dance, which rely heavily on improvisation. The examples of the blackface performer Johnny Hudgins, who claimed a copyright in his pantomime routine in the 1920s, and of Fred and Sledge, the class-act dance duo featured in the hit 1948 musical Kiss Me, Kate, whose choreography was copyrighted by the white modern dancer Hanya Holm, prompt a rethinking of the assumed opposition between the originality and fixity requirements of copyright law and the improvisatory ethos of jazz and tap dance. Ultimately, the chapter argues that whether claiming or disavowing uniqueness, embracing or resisting documentation, African American vernacular dancers were both advantaged and hampered by copyright law.

scholarly journals Almost Halfway There: An Analysis of the Open Access Behaviors of Academic Librarians

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Academic Librarians ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Scholarly Communications

Academic librarians are increasingly expected to advocate for scholarly communications reforms such as open access to scholarly publications, yet librarians do not always practice what they preach. Previous research examined librarian attitudes toward open access, whereas this article presents results of a study of open access publishing and self-archiving behaviors of academic librarians. Following an analysis of open access to library and information science literature in 2008, several strategies to encourage academic librarians to continue to embrace open access behaviors are discussed.

scholarly journals Are Best Practices Really Best? A Review of the Best Practices Literature in Library and Information Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Druery ◽  
Nancy McCormack ◽  
Sharon Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Library And Information Studies ◽  
Information Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Objective - The term “best practice” appears often in library and information science literature, yet, despite the frequency with which the term is used, there is little discussion about what is meant by the term and how one can reliably identify a best practice. Methods – This paper reviews 113 articles that identify and discuss best practices, in order to determine how “best practices” are distinguished from other practices, and whether these determinations are made on the basis of consistent and reliable evidence. The review also takes into account definitions of the term to discover if a common definition is used amongst authors. Results – The “evidence” upon which papers on “best practices” are based falls into one of the following six categories: 1) opinion (n=18, 15%), 2) literature reviews (n=13, 12%), 3) practices in the library in which the author works (n=19, 17%), 4) formal and informal qualitative and quantitative approaches (n=16, 14%), 5) a combination of the aforementioned (i.e., combined approaches) (n=34, 30%), and 6) “other” sources or approaches which are largely one of a kind (n=13, 12%). There is no widely shared or common definition of “best practices” amongst the authors of these papers, and most papers (n=94, 83%) fail to define the term at all. The number of papers was, for the most part, split evenly amongst the six categories indicating that writers on the subject are basing “best practices” assertions on a wide variety of sources and evidence. Conclusions – Library and information science literature on “best practices” is rarely based on rigorous empirical methods of research and therefore is generally unreliable. There is, in addition, no widely held understanding of what is meant by the use of the term.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF GERMAN COPYRIGHT LAW (GCL)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Юрий Юмашев ◽  
Yuriy Yumashev ◽  
Елена Постникова ◽  
Elena Postnikova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with international law aspects of the GCL. To this aim firstly the international conventions on copyright law are analyzed, in particular: the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works in the wording of the Paris Act of 1971, the Convention on the Establishment of the World Intellectual Property Organization of 1967, the Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations of 1961 and Aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) 1994. There is also an analysis of the EU copyright law in terms of its correlation with the law of the EU member-states and an assessment of its evolution. It is emphasized that the core fact of origin of authorship is determined on the basis of the national legislation of the Member-States. Special attention is paid to the scope of the “principle of exhausted rights”. The article also touches upon the aspect of private international law. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of the Internet, including Internet providers, and its impact on the formation of the GCL. The problem of combating Internet piracy is also raised, as copyright infringement often occurs in relation to works published online. In addition, the article revealed what changes were made to the GCL to comply with EU law (including secondary law acts and the practice of the EU Court). The result of the study is, among other things, the conclusion that special legal mechanisms should be developed to regulate new forms of selling works that have emerged as a result of technological progress and in the near future the Internet will undoubtedly form ways for the further development of the GCL. However, this process can negatively affect the leading role of the author as a creative person.

scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Visual Data in Information Behavior Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1(113)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Cisek ◽  
Monika Krakowska
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Visual Data ◽  
Information Spaces ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Mental Mapping ◽  
Management Students

Purpose/Thesis: The paper contains a methodological reflection on qualitative analysis of visual empirical data as a research procedure in the contemporary human information behavior research. The possibility of implementing this approach has been tested on a case study of personalized information spaces in everyday life of undergraduate information management students in the academic year 2018/2019.Approach/Methods: The reported research employs the realist epistemological stance, qualitative and descriptive approaches, and four methods/techniques: critical literature review, case study, drawing as a mental mapping tool, and thematic analysis. Results and conclusions: Visual data analysis is cognitively fruitful; it enables grasping the multidimensional “information reality” as perceived by the users (the humanistic coefficient). However, it is time-consuming, it requires meticulousness and self-reflection on the part of the researcher; it must also leave a clear audit trail to assure credibility and intersubjective verifiability of investigations.Originality/Value: The article is concerned with innovative research procedures, rarely discussed in Polish information science literature. Combining visual approach with individual information spaces, it corresponds to the latest methodological and topical trends in the field of information behavior. It also links theoretical reflection with the research practice.

scholarly journals The Ethical Visions of Copyright Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Grimmelmann
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Ethical Vision

77 Fordham Law Review 2005 (2009)This symposium essay explores the imagined ethics of copyright: the ethical stories that people tell to justify, make sense of, and challenge copyright law. Such ethical visions are everywhere in intellectual property discourse, and legal scholarship ought to pay more attention to them. The essay focuses on a deontic vision of reciprocity in the author-audience relationship, a set of linked claims that authors and audiences ought to respect each other and express this respect through voluntary transactions.Versions of this default ethical vision animate groups as seemingly antagonistic as the music industry, file sharers, free software advocates, and Creative Commons. "Respect copyrights," "Don't sue your customers," "Software should be free," and "I love to share" are all ethical claims about copyright that share some common intuitions, even as they draw very different conclusions. The essay provides a framework for thinking about these ethical visions of intellectual property and then puts these various visions into conversation with each other.

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Special Refrence with Intangible Properties and Copyright Laws.

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit P Singh ◽  
Shiv Kumar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
International Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Rapid Pace

In view of the rapid pace of technological, scientific and medical innovations in India and abroad, the intellectual property rights i.e., copyright, patent and other neighboring rights, have been recognized in Indian and foreign jurisdiction. Moreover, its scope and content have expanded pursuant to statutory amendments over the years. Growing recognisiont, expansion and protection of IPRs needs to harmonised with the public interest. Within this backdrop, copyright law, patent law etc. have made elaborate provisions and endeavours have also been made at international level to strike a balance between protection of individual’s IPRS and social interest. The present article tries to examine the contours of protection of IPRS at national and international levels with special reference to copyright law.

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