scholarly journals Momentary Dynamics of Emotion-Based Impulsivity: Exploring Associations with Dispositional Measures of Externalizing and Internalizing Psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Havens Sperry ◽  
Brinkley M. Sharpe ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Internalizing Psychopathology ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Emotion-based impulsivity has emerged as an important transdiagnostic risk factor for both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. However, it is unclear how this dynamic process unfolds within individuals. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we measured urgency within-persons as the momentary association between impulsivity and contemporaneous negative and positive affect in four ecological momentary assessment samples (N=233[16,202 observations]; N=302[11,360]; N=311[17,517]; N=291[20,297]) that span clinical, community, and student populations. Based on reflexive responding to emotion (RRE) and urgency frameworks, we hypothesized a) that significant individual differences in the dynamic association between affect and impulsivity would emerge, and b) that individual differences in positive and negative urgency pathways would be associated with externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. Within-person associations between negative affect and impulsivity consistently emerged; however, the association between positive affect and impulsivity was inconsistent across samples. Although average effects were small, significant individual differences existed in both urgency pathways. Consistent with prior studies, within-person urgency pathways were unassociated with global or dispositional measures of impulsivity. Contrary to expectation, within-person urgency was also unassociated with either internalizing or externalizing psychopathology. Yet, robust associations were seen between psychopathology and average levels of momentary impulsivity and negative affect. We discuss results in terms of their relevance to both urgency and RRE frameworks and propose future directions to help disentangle emotion-based impulsivity and psychopathology in the moment.

Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brinkley M. Sharpe ◽  
Leonard Simms ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined within- and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized link between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.

The Affiliative Role of Empathy in Everyday Interpersonal Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Empathy theoretically serves an affiliative interpersonal function by satisfying motives for intimacy and union with others. Accordingly, empathy is expected to vary depending on the situation. Inconsistent empirical support for empathy’s affiliative role may be due to methodology focused on individual differences in empathy or differences between controlled experimental conditions, which fail to capture its dynamic and interpersonal nature. To address these shortcomings, we used ecological momentary assessment to establish typical patterns of empathy across everyday interactions. Associations among empathy, affect, and interpersonal behavior of self and interaction partner were examined in a student sample (N=330), then replicated in a pre-registered community sample (N=279). Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to distinguish individual differences in empathy from interaction-level effects. Results show people are more empathetic during positively-valanced interactions with others perceived as warm and when expressing warmth. By confirming the typically affiliative role of empathy, existing research to the contrary can be best understood as exceptions to the norm.

The Role of an Empowering Motivational Climate on Pupils’ Concentration and Distraction in Physical Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maxime Mastagli ◽  
Aurélie Van Hoye ◽  
Jean-Philippe Hainaut ◽  
Benoît Bolmont
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect

Purpose: The present study investigated the relationship between an empowering motivational climate and pupils’ concentration and distraction in physical education, mediated by basic psychological needs satisfaction and by positive and negative affect. Method: The participants were 425 French pupils (Mage = 15.36, SDage = 0.82) from 21 high schools, who filled in a questionnaire regarding the study variables. This cross-sectional study used multilevel structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized relationships. Results: Good fit indices were found in the data from the theoretical model. An empowering motivational climate was found to be related to concentration. Competence need satisfaction was related to concentration and distraction. This association was mediated by positive and negative affect, which in turn was related to concentration and distraction. Conclusion: Teachers can improve pupils’ concentration and positive affect and reduce distraction and negative affect by supporting an empowering motivational climate and fostering competence need satisfaction.

Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Brinkley M. Sharpe ◽  
Leonard J. Simms ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Using multilevel structural equation modeling, the authors examined within− and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized links between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.

The interplay between binge eating risk factors: Toward an integrated model

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532094780
Author(s):  
Katrin Kukk ◽  
Kirsti Akkermann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

We aimed to assess the interplay between dietary restraint and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties as well as other well-known risk factors of binge eating in a community sample of women. Altogether 96 women (mean age 21.5 years; mean BMI 21.7) participated in the study using ecological momentary assessment. Structural equation modeling indicated that restraint and ER pathways are related yet operate independently in predicting binge eating in a unified model. ER difficulties moderated the effect of negative affect and fluctuations in negative affect in predicting binge eating while Neuroticism and preoccupation with body weight predicted binge eating indirectly.

scholarly journals Interpersonal, Affective and Compulsive Features of Driven Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Kolar ◽  
Aleksandra Kaurin ◽  
Adrian Meule ◽  
Sandra Schlegl ◽  
Nina Dittmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Background: This preregistered (https://osf.io/g9ajb) study sought to integrate the current literature on trait compulsivity into maintenance models of driven exercise in anorexia nervosa (AN). We tested whether compulsivity increases the likelihood of driven exercise via interpersonal and affect-regulatory pathways. Methods: We used multilevel structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that trait compulsivity predicts a stronger within-person link between affect-regulatory difficulties or interpersonal sensitivity and driven exercise in female adolescents and adults with AN. We used data from five assessments across inpatient treatment and 6-months follow-up of 207 adult and adolescent patients with AN (1036 datapoints).Results: In line with our hypotheses, patients who generally experienced more affect-regulatory difficulties or stronger interpersonal sensitivity tended to engage in more driven exercise. Moreover, high levels of trait compulsivity amplified the effect of interpersonal sensitivity on driven exercise across time. Contrary to our hypotheses, the link between affect regulation and driven exercise was not moderated by compulsivity. Similar effects on general ED psychopathology were found, but no cross-level moderation of compulsivity.Limitations: Due to sample size, potential age- and subtype-dependent effects were not analyzed. Conclusion: Our results suggest that driven exercise coincides with self-reported experiences of interpersonal sensitivity and that this link varies as a function of compulsivity such that the within-person coupling is stronger among those scoring high on compulsivity. To derive clinically useful functional models of driven exercise, future studies might use ecological momentary assessments to investigate its momentary associations with affect and interpersonal sensitivity in the context of compulsive traits.

scholarly journals Affective Benefits of Nature Contact: The Role of Rumination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory N. Bratman ◽  
Gerald Young ◽  
Ashish Mehta ◽  
Ihno Lee Babineaux ◽  
Gretchen C. Daily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Nature Contact

Mounting evidence shows that nature contact is associated with affective benefits. However, the psychological mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well understood. In this study, we examined whether more time spent in nature was associated with higher levels of positive affect in general, and lower levels of negative affect and rumination in general. We also conducted a cross-sectional mediation analysis to examine whether rumination mediated the association of nature contact with affect. Participants (N = 617) reported their average time spent in nature each week, as well as their general levels of positive and negative affect, and the degree to which they typically engaged in rumination in daily life. We then used structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. Our results support the hypothesis that nature contact is associated with general levels of affect, and that rumination mediates this association for negative affect, and marginally mediates this association for positive affect.

scholarly journals Integrating state dynamics and trait change: A tutorial using the example of stress reactivity and change in well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110140
Author(s):  
Annette Brose ◽  
Andreas Benjamin Neubauer ◽  
Florian Schmiedek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Term Change ◽  
One Step ◽  
As Stress

Recent theoretical accounts on the causes of trait change emphasize the potential relevance of states. In the same vein, reactions to daily stress have been shown to prospectively predict change in well-being, speaking for the proposition that state dynamics can be a precursor to long-term change in more stable individual-differences characteristics. A common analysis approach towards linking state dynamics such as stress reactivity and change in some more stable individual differences characteristic has been a two-step approach, modeling state dynamics and trait change separately. In this paper, we elaborate on one-step procedures to simultaneously model state dynamics and trait change, realized in the multilevel structural equation modeling framework. We highlight three distinct advantages over the two-step approach which pre-exists in the methodological literature, and we disseminate these advantages to a larger audience. We target a readership of substantive researchers interested in the relationships between state dynamics and traits or trait change, and we provide them with a tutorial style paper on state-of-the-art methods on these topics.

scholarly journals Impact of Job-Related Well-Being on the Relationship of Self-Efficacy With Burnout

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (63) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Pinto Pizarro Freitas ◽  
Claudia Sampaio Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Bruno Figueiredo Damásio ◽  
Sílvia Helena Koller ◽  
Marco Antônio Pereira Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Modeling Analysis

Abstract The levels of job-related affective well-being and occupational self-efficacy may act as protective factors against the development of burnout. Therefore, this study investigated the role of positive and negative affect as a mediator in the relations between occupational self-efficacy and the dimensions of burnout. The research participants were 584 professionals (87% female), mean age 37.8 (SD= 10.8). The results of the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the relations of occupational self-efficacy with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were completely mediated by positive and negative affect. The relation between occupational self-efficacy and personal accomplishment was partially mediated by positive affect. Occupational self-efficacy was positively associated to positive affect and negatively related to negative affect. This study adds by showing the importance of developing interventions that promote the experience of positive affect and reduction of negative affect in occupational settings as a preventive strategy of burnout.

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