The Affiliative Role of Empathy in Everyday Interpersonal Interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Empathy theoretically serves an affiliative interpersonal function by satisfying motives for intimacy and union with others. Accordingly, empathy is expected to vary depending on the situation. Inconsistent empirical support for empathy’s affiliative role may be due to methodology focused on individual differences in empathy or differences between controlled experimental conditions, which fail to capture its dynamic and interpersonal nature. To address these shortcomings, we used ecological momentary assessment to establish typical patterns of empathy across everyday interactions. Associations among empathy, affect, and interpersonal behavior of self and interaction partner were examined in a student sample (N=330), then replicated in a pre-registered community sample (N=279). Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to distinguish individual differences in empathy from interaction-level effects. Results show people are more empathetic during positively-valanced interactions with others perceived as warm and when expressing warmth. By confirming the typically affiliative role of empathy, existing research to the contrary can be best understood as exceptions to the norm.

scholarly journals The Affiliative Role of Empathy in Everyday Interpersonal Interactions

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2286
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Empathy theoretically serves an affiliative interpersonal function by satisfying motives for intimacy and union with others. Accordingly, empathy is expected to vary depending on the situation. Inconsistent empirical support for empathy's affiliative role may be because of methodology focused on individual differences in empathy or differences between controlled experimental conditions, which fail to capture its dynamic and interpersonal nature. To address these shortcomings, we used ecological momentary assessment to establish typical patterns of empathy across everyday interactions. Associations among empathy, affect, and interpersonal behaviour of self and interaction partner were examined in a student sample ( N = 330), then replicated in a preregistered community sample ( N = 279). Multilevel structural equation modelling was used to distinguish individual differences in empathy from interaction–level effects. Results show that people are more empathetic during positively valenced interactions with others perceived as warm and when expressing warmth. By confirming the typically affiliative role of empathy, existing research to the contrary can be best understood as exceptions to the norm. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Dynamic features of affect and interpersonal behavior in relation to general and specific personality pathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Paul A. Pilkonis ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Characteristic Style

A model of personality pathology including both general and specific components distinguishes severity of personality dysfunction from the characteristic style of its expression. Whether and how general and specific features of personality pathology relate to momentary dynamics of affect and interpersonal behavior remain open questions. We explored these questions in a student sample (N=294) and pre-registered replication in a community sample (N=311). Ecological momentary assessment was used to measure affect, dominance, and warmth of self and other during interpersonal interactions. We examined one’s average affect and behavior and of one’s perception of the other’s behavior, and variability in these constructs. Associations between interpersonal patterns and personality pathology were estimated using multilevel structural equation modeling in each sample separately and in the pooled dataset. Results support the potential clinical impact of empirical models by demonstrating the structural independence of general and specific features, along with relationships to theoretically meaningful interpersonal behavior.

scholarly journals Dynamic features of affect and interpersonal behavior in relation to general and specific personality pathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Paul A. Pilkonis ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Characteristic Style

A model of personality pathology including both general and specific components distinguishes severity of personality dysfunction from the characteristic style of its expression. Whether and how general and specific features of personality pathology relate to momentary dynamics of affect and interpersonal behavior remain open questions. We explored these questions in a student sample (N=294) and pre-registered replication in a community sample (N=311). Ecological momentary assessment was used to measure affect, dominance, and warmth of self and other during interpersonal interactions. We examined one’s average affect and behavior and of one’s perception of the other’s behavior, and variability in these constructs. Associations between interpersonal patterns and personality pathology were estimated using multilevel structural equation modeling in each sample separately and in the pooled dataset. Results support the potential clinical impact of empirical models by demonstrating the structural independence of general and specific features, along with relationships to theoretically meaningful interpersonal behavior.

The Role of Motivation, Ability, and Opportunity in Achieving Effective Knowledge-Work

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezvan Hosseingholizadeh ◽  
Somayyeh Ebrahimi Koushk Mahdi ◽  
Hadi El-Farr
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to empirically test the impact of the Motivation-Ability-Opportunity- (MAO) model on knowledge work. We propose that knowledge work is a function of employees' motivation, ability and opportunity. In this regard, the aim is to provide empirical support to explain the effects of motivation, ability and opportunity on knowledge-work, which we defined as a knowledge-centered behavior. Data was collected through a self-report questionnaire. A sample size of 350 employees of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad answered the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling techniques and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted on hypothesis testing. The findings confirm that motivation, ability and opportunity independently influence knowledge-work behavior. Also, results revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation has significant influence on knowledge work; however intrinsic motivation has a higher effect than extrinsic motivation.

The interplay between binge eating risk factors: Toward an integrated model

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532094780
Author(s):  
Katrin Kukk ◽  
Kirsti Akkermann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

We aimed to assess the interplay between dietary restraint and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties as well as other well-known risk factors of binge eating in a community sample of women. Altogether 96 women (mean age 21.5 years; mean BMI 21.7) participated in the study using ecological momentary assessment. Structural equation modeling indicated that restraint and ER pathways are related yet operate independently in predicting binge eating in a unified model. ER difficulties moderated the effect of negative affect and fluctuations in negative affect in predicting binge eating while Neuroticism and preoccupation with body weight predicted binge eating indirectly.

Discretionary HR practices and employee well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Trong Luu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hr Practices

Purpose The more HRM systems invest in employees’ work life and career growth beyond legal requirements, the happier employees are. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of discretionary HR practices in promoting employee well-being as well as mechanisms underlying this effect. Design/methodology/approach The participants for the study came from retail shops of a large information technology company in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The data set collected from these participants was analyzed through multilevel structural equation modeling and bootstrapping methods. Findings The results of this study provided empirical support for the relationships between discretionary HR practices and the psychological, physical and social dimensions of employee well-being. Job crafting was found to serve as a mediator for these relationships. Abusive supervision played a role in attenuating the effects of discretionary HR practices on the dimensions of employee well-being as well as job crafting. Originality/value This inquiry extends the research stream on the HRM-employee well-being relationship by examining the predictive role of discretionary HR practices.

The impact of customer’s perceived service innovativeness on image congruence, satisfaction and behavioral outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreejesh S ◽  
Amarnath Mitra ◽  
Debjani Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Firm ◽  
Image Congruence ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to provide empirical evidence of relationship between perceived service innovativeness, image-congruence, satisfaction and behavioral outcomes at the customer level. It hypothesizes a moderated mediation model, denoting that perceived service innovativeness relates to image-congruity dimensions, which, in turn, will promote satisfaction at cognitive and affective level, thereby creating strong behavioral outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through online surveys. The survey aimed at measuring the hypothesized constructs and other study-relevant information. Hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling technique. Findings – This paper validates the role of perceived service innovativeness as a mechanism facilitating development and transfer of customer’s image-congruence toward a service firm. It also finds that the image-congruity dimensions fully mediate the relationship between perceived innovativeness and satisfaction. The resultant customer satisfaction leads to the development of behavioral outcomes. Further, the study finds that perceived innovativeness have varying effects on image-congruence dimensions depending upon customer’s prior experience. Practical implications – The study provides evidence to managers that the customer-centric value creation through image-congruence requires development of positive perceived service innovativeness, which will result in customer satisfaction and their behavioral outcomes. Originality/value – The study is the first attempt to find empirical support for the role of perceived service innovativeness to create customer’s image congruity with a service firm. Further, analyzing how perceived service innovativeness, image-congruence, customer satisfaction and behavioral outcomes are related to each other is also an important contribution.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURER SIGNATURE ON STORE BRANDS' LOYALTY AND PURCHASE INTENTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
CRISTINA CALVO-PORRAL ◽  
VALENTÍN-ALEJANDRO MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
OSCAR JUANATEY-BOGA
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Store Brand ◽  
Store Brands ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Moderating Role

ABSTRACT With today's trend toward higher store concentration, building strong store brands has become a priority for many retailing companies. This study aims to analyze the differences in store brands' purchasing likelihood between store brands with a manufacturer identification - a manufacturer signature - and store brands with no information about the manufacturer, as well as the moderating role of the manufacturer signature on store brands' purchase intention. We carried out multiple group analysis through structural equation modeling. Our findings suggest that store brand image has the most significant influence on loyalty and purchase intention for both types of store brands. Moreover, and contrary to our expectations, we did not find empirical support for the moderating role of manufacturer signature on store brands' purchasing likelihood.

scholarly journals DISPARAGEMENT AS A PROCESSSING STIMULUS FOR HUMOR IN ADVERTISING

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose - This research paper explores the mediating role of attitude towards the advertisement and attitude towards the brand in the relationships between disparagement as a processing stimulus for humor in advertising and purchase intention of the customer. Design/Methodology/Approach - Data has been collected from 202 individuals. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, moderation and mediation analysis have been applied and a good fit between the data and tested model was observed. As predicted, purchase intention was positively related with disparagement and full mediation effect has been found. The results of moderation analysis are quite interesting and have been presented with the help of a chart showing interaction effect. Findings - Findings provide media agencies with an insight into the audience emotional consequences in exposure to disparagement used in advertisements. Findings are particularly salient for national and multinational media agencies in Pakistan as well in the other parts of the world. Originality/Value - This is one of the first studies to provide empirical support for the relationships between disparagement and purchase intention in Western and non-Western (Pakistani) context.

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