scholarly journals De-Rationalising Delusions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Bell ◽  
Nichola Raihani ◽  
Sam Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Established Role

Due to the traditional conceptualisation of delusion as ‘irrational belief’, cognitive models of delusions largely focus on impairments to domain-general reasoning. Nevertheless, current rationality-impairment models do not account for the fact that i) equivalently irrational beliefs can be induced through adaptive social cognitive processes, reflecting social integration rather than impairment; ii) delusions are overwhelmingly socially-themed; iii) delusions show a reduced sensitivity to social context, both in terms of how they are shaped and how they are communicated. Consequently, we argue that models of delusions need to include alteration to coalitional cognition – processes involved in affiliation, group perception, and the strategic management of relationships. This approach has the advantage of better accounting for both content (social themes) and form (fixity) of delusion. It is also supported by the established role of mesolimbic dopamine in both delusions and social organisation, and the ongoing reconceptualisation of belief as serving a social organisational function.

scholarly journals Derationalizing Delusions

2020 ◽  
pp. 216770262095155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Bell ◽  
Nichola Raihani ◽  
Sam Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Organizational Function ◽  
Social Organizational ◽  
Established Role

Because of the traditional conceptualization of delusion as “irrational belief,” cognitive models of delusions largely focus on impairments to domain-general reasoning. Nevertheless, current rationality-impairment models do not account for the fact that (a) equivalently irrational beliefs can be induced through adaptive social cognitive processes, reflecting social integration rather than impairment; (b) delusions are overwhelmingly socially themed; and (c) delusions show a reduced sensitivity to social context both in terms of how they are shaped and how they are communicated. Consequently, we argue that models of delusions need to include alteration to coalitional cognition—processes involved in affiliation, group perception, and the strategic management of relationships. This approach has the advantage of better accounting for both content (social themes) and form (fixity) of delusion. It is also supported by the established role of mesolimbic dopamine in both delusions and social organization and the ongoing reconceptualization of belief as serving a social organizational function.

scholarly journals To sext or not to sext. The role of social-cognitive processes in the decision to engage in sexting

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1429
Author(s):  
Claire Wilson ◽  
Tommy van Steen ◽  
Christabel Akinyode ◽  
Zara P. Brodie ◽  
Graham G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Technology has given rise to online behaviors such as sexting. It is important that we examine predictors of such behavior in order to understand who is more likely to sext and thus inform intervention aimed at sexting awareness. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine sexting beliefs and behavior. Participants (n = 418; 70.3% women) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive), control perceptions (self-efficacy and controllability) and intentions toward sexting. Specific sexting beliefs (fun/carefree beliefs, perceived risks and relational expectations) were also measured and sexting behavior reported. Relationship status, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and self-efficacy were associated with sexting intentions. Relationship status, intentions and self-efficacy related to sexting behavior. Results provide insight into the social-cognitive factors related to individuals’ sexting behavior and bring us closer to understanding what beliefs predict the behavior.

Psychopathology and Development: II. Childhood Experiences and Personality Development

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Complex Patterns

Concepts and empirical findings are reviewed with regard to personality development and to the role of childhood experiences in that process. It is concluded that personality development cannot be reduced to the stabilisation of behavioural traits, to the production of a fixed personality structure or to the acquisition of social-cognitive skills, although there is some form of personality organisation in terms of habits, attitudes, concepts and styles of behaviour. Personality development takes place in a social context, with both continuities and discontinuities stemming from maturational and experiential factors and interactions between them. Chains of indirect linkages result from complex patterns of circular processes involving reciprocal interactions between children and their environments. No single mechanism is responsible and no one theory provides an explanation.

Initial Impressions of Others

2018 ◽  
pp. 414-439
Author(s):  
James S. Uleman ◽  
S. Adil Saribay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Theory Theory ◽  
Controlled Attention ◽  
Social Cognitive Processes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Initial Impressions

“Initial impressions” join personality and social psychology like no other field of study—“personality” because impressions are about personalities and perceivers’ personalities affect these impressions; and “social” because social cognitive processes influence impression formation and sociocultural contexts have major effects on impressions. How people describe others is reviewed: terms used, how descriptions reveal theories about others, and importance of types and categories. Research on social cognitive processes underlying these descriptions is highlighted: automatic and controlled attention, effects of primes and their dependence on contexts, acquisition of valence, spontaneous inferences, and interplay of automatic and control processes. Accuracy of initial impressions is examined, as are what accuracy means and motivated biases and distortions. Perceiver features and relations between targets and perceivers are reviewed. Frameworks for understanding explanations, as distinct from descriptions, are detailed: attribution theory, theory of mind, and simulation theory, including synchrony and the role of embodied cognition and metaphor.

scholarly journals Modeling the Role of Social-Cognitive Processes in the Recognition of Own- and Other-Race Faces

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Susa ◽  
Christian A. Meissner ◽  
Hendrik de Heer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Cognitive Processes

scholarly journals Measuring disorganized speech in schizophrenia: automated analysis explains variance in cognitive deficits beyond clinician-rated scales

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Minor ◽  
J. A. Willits ◽  
M. P. Marggraf ◽  
M. N. Jones ◽  
P. H. Lysaker
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Disorganized Speech ◽  
Poor Cognition

AbstractBackgroundConveying information cohesively is an essential element of communication that is disrupted in schizophrenia. These disruptions are typically expressed through disorganized symptoms, which have been linked to neurocognitive, social cognitive, and metacognitive deficits. Automated analysis can objectively assess disorganization within sentences, between sentences, and across paragraphs by comparing explicit communication to a large text corpus.MethodLittle work in schizophrenia has tested: (1) links between disorganized symptoms measured via automated analysis and neurocognition, social cognition, or metacognition; and (2) if automated analysis explains incremental variance in cognitive processes beyond clinician-rated scales. Disorganization was measured in schizophrenia (n = 81) with Coh-Metrix 3.0, an automated program that calculates basic and complex language indices. Trained staff also assessed neurocognition, social cognition, metacognition, and clinician-rated disorganization.ResultsFindings showed that all three cognitive processes were significantly associated with at least one automated index of disorganization. When automated analysis was compared with a clinician-rated scale, it accounted for significant variance in neurocognition and metacognition beyond the clinician-rated measure. When combined, these two methods explained 28–31% of the variance in neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition.ConclusionsThis study illustrated how automated analysis can highlight the specific role of disorganization in neurocognition, social cognition, and metacognition. Generally, those with poor cognition also displayed more disorganization in their speech—making it difficult for listeners to process essential information needed to tie the speaker's ideas together. Our findings showcase how implementing a mixed-methods approach in schizophrenia can explain substantial variance in cognitive processes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document