scholarly journals The relationship between Developmental Language Disorder and Dyslexia in European Portuguese school-aged children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Margarida Oliveira ◽  
ana paula vale ◽  
Jenny M. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
The Relationship

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and dyslexia are neurodevelopmental disorders which show similar behavioural manifestations. In this study, between-group comparisons and frequency analysis were combined to investigate the relationship between DLD and dyslexia. European Portuguese children aged 7-10 years, with DLD (N = 7) or dyslexia (N = 11) were recruited and compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) children (N = 21) on phonological processing, language and literacy measures. The between-group comparison revealed that for phonological processing, the clinical groups scored significantly below TD children on most tasks, yet the DLD group performed similarly to TD children for RAN speed and digit span. The clinical groups did not statistically differ in their phonological processing abilities. For language abilities, children with dyslexia did not differ from TD children, whilst children with DLD performed significantly below TD children on all measures and significantly below children with dyslexia for vocabulary. Finally, for literacy measures, there were no statistical differences between clinical groups which underperformed on all measures when compared to TD children. The frequency analysis showed that children with DLD exhibited a lower prevalence of RAN difficulties when compared to children with dyslexia, whilst children with DLD tended to show more frequent nonword repetition and phoneme deletion deficits. Additionally, whilst children with DLD consistently showed more prevalent language impairments, both clinical groups demonstrated similar prevalence rates of literacy deficits compared to TD children.These findings lend support to the additional deficit model of Bishop and Snowling (2004) as children with DLD show more severe and prevalent language impairments than those with dyslexia, despite similar phonological and literacy difficulties.

Nonword Repetition Skills in Gulf Arabic–Speaking Children With Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3700-3713
Author(s):  
Saleh Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Gulf Arabic ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
Phonological Complexity

Purpose This study examined the performance of Gulf Arabic–speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD) on a Gulf Arabic nonword repetition (GA-NWR) test and compared it to their age- and language-matched groups. We also investigated the role of syllable length, wordlikeness, and phonological complexity in light of NWR theories. Method A new GA-NWR test was conducted with three groups of Gulf Arabic–speaking children: school-age children with DLD, language-matched controls (LCs), and age-matched controls (ACs). The test consisted of two- and three-syllable words that either had no clusters, medial clusters, final clusters, or medial + final clusters. Results The GA-NWR distinguished between the performance of children with DLD and the LC and AC groups. Results showed significant syllable length, wordlikeness, and phonological complexity effects. Differences between the DLD and typically developing groups were seen in two- and three-syllable nonwords; however, when compared on nonwords with no clusters, children with DLD were not significantly different from the LC group. Conclusions The GA-NWR test differentiated between children with DLD and their ACs and LCs. Findings, therefore, support its clinical utility in this variety of Arabic. Results showed that phonological processing factors, such as phonological complexity, may have stronger effects when compared to syllable length effects. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12996812

scholarly journals Emotional Competence Mediates the Relationship between Communication Problems and Reactive Externalizing Problems in Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 6008
Author(s):  
Neeltje P. van den Bedem ◽  
Julie E. Dockrell ◽  
Petra M. van Alphen ◽  
Carolien Rieffe
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Emotional Competence ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Language problems are a risk factor for externalizing problems, but the developmental path remains unclear. Emotional competence may mediate the relationship, especially when externalizing problems are reactive in nature, such as in Oppositional Deviant Disorder (ODD) and reactive aggression. We examined the development of reactive and proactive externalizing problems in children with (n = 98) and without (n = 156) Developmental Language Disorder (DLD; age: 8–16 years) over 18 months. Relationships with communicative risk factors (structural, pragmatic and emotion communication) and the mediating role of emotional competence (emotion recognition and anger dysregulation) were examined. Multi-level analyses showed that increasing emotion recognition and decreasing anger dysregulation were longitudinally related to decreasing ODD symptoms in both groups, whereas anger dysregulation was related to more reactive aggression in children with DLD alone. Pragmatic and emotion communication problems were related to more reactive externalizing problems, but these relationships were mediated by emotional competence, suggesting that problems in emotional competence explain the communication problems of children with DLD. Therefore, in addition to interventions for communication skills, there is a need to address the emotional competence of children with DLD, as this decreases the risk for reactive externalizing problems.

scholarly journals Consistency of a Nonword Repetition Task to Discriminate Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder in Catalan–Spanish and European Portuguese Speaking Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Nadia Ahufinger ◽  
Amy Berglund-Barraza ◽  
Anabela Cruz-Santos ◽  
Laura Ferinu ◽  
Llorenç Andreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Spanish Cohort ◽  
Repetition Task

Nonword repetition has been proposed as a diagnostic marker of developmental language disorder (DLD); however, the inconsistency in the ability of nonword repetition tasks (NRT) to identify children with DLD raises significant questions regarding its feasibility as a clinical tool. Research suggests that some of the inconsistency across NRT may be due to differences in the nature of the nonword stimuli. In this study, we compared children’s performance on NRT between two cohorts: the children in the Catalan–Spanish cohort (CS) were bilingual, and the children in the European Portuguese cohort (EP) were monolingual. NRT performance was assessed in both Spanish and Catalan for the bilingual children from Catalonia-Spain and in Portuguese for the monolingual children from Portugal. Results show that although the absolute performance differed across the two cohorts, with NRT performance being lower for the CS, in both Catalan and Spanish, as compared to the EP cohort in both, the cut-points for the likelihood ratios (LH) were similar across the three languages and mirror those previously reported in previous studies. However, the absolute LH ratio values for this study were higher than those reported in prior research due in part to differences in wordlikeness and frequency of the stimuli in the current study. Taken together, the findings from this study show that an NRT consisting of 3-, 4-, and 5-syllable nonwords, which varies in wordlikeness ratings, when presented in a random order accurately identifies and correctly differentiates children with DLD from TD controls the child is bilingual or monolingual.

scholarly journals Sources of variability in the prospective relation of language to social, emotional, and behaviour problem symptoms: implications for Developmental Language Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Goh ◽  
Sarah Louise Griffiths ◽  
Courtenay Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Behaviour Problem ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are at risk for social, emotional and behavioural (SEB) maladjustment throughout development, though it is unclear if poor language proficiency per se can account for this risk, as associations between language and SEB appear more variable among typical language children. This study investigates whether the relationship between language and SEB problems is stronger at very low levels of language, and considers confounders including socio-economic status, sex and non-verbal intelligence. These are examined using a population-based survey design, including children with a wide range of language and cognitive profiles, and assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and six standardised language measures (n = 363, weighted n = 6,451). Structural equation models adjusted for prior levels of SEB reveal that the relationship of language at age 5-6 years to SEB at 7-9 years was non-linear. Language more strongly predicted all clusters of SEB at disordered language levels relative to typical language levels; with standardised betas of -0.25 versus 0.03 for behavioural, -0.31 versus -0.04 for peer, and 0.27 versus 0.03 for prosocial, problems. Wald tests between these pairs of betas yielded p-values from .049 to .014. Sex moderated the nonlinear association between language and emotional symptoms. These findings indicate a clinical need to support language development in order to mitigate against problems of SEB, and to carefully monitor the mental health needs of children with DLD, particularly in the context of multiple, and potentially sex-specific, risks.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Word Learning and Executive Function in Preschoolers With and Without Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2293-2307
Author(s):  
Leah L. Kapa ◽  
Jessie A. Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Familiar Objects

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between executive functioning and word learning among preschoolers with and without developmental language disorder (DLD). Method Forty-one preschool-age children with DLD were matched to typically developing children on age and sex. Participants were exposed to 10 novel pseudowords, half of which referred to familiar objects and half of which referred to unfamiliar objects. Their ability to produce, recognize, and comprehend the novel words was tested, and they completed executive function tasks measuring sustained selective attention, short-term memory, working memory, inhibition, and shifting. Results Preschoolers with DLD performed worse compared to typically developing peers on all measures of executive function and novel word learning. Both groups showed a relative weakness in producing pseudowords that corresponded with familiar objects versus pseudowords for unknown objects. Executive function accounted for statistically significant variance in word learning beyond group membership, with inhibition as a significant predictor of all word learning outcomes and short-term memory as a significant predictor of novel word comprehension. Executive function explained significant variance in novel word production and recognition even after accounting for variance explained by group differences in IQ and receptive vocabulary. Conclusion Findings replicate previous research reporting deficits in word learning and executive function in children with DLD, indicate that preschoolers are disadvantaged in learning new words for familiar objects, and support a relationship between executive function and word learning for children with and without DLD. Future research should examine the directionality of the relationship between these variables.

scholarly journals Implicit Representation of Grammatical Gender in Italian Children with Developmental Language Disorder: An Exploratory Study on Phonological and/or Syntactic Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Artuso ◽  
Elena Fratini ◽  
Carmen Belacchi
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Implicit Representation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Italian Children

AbstractChildren with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) display impaired phonological and/or morpho-syntactic skills. To detect these impairments, it would be of value to devise tasks that assess specific markers of implicit linguistic competence. We administered a forced choice semantic categorization task developed in Italian (Belacchi and Cubelli in Journal of psycholinguistic research 41:295–310, 2012) for detecting the implicit use of grammatical gender markers in classifying epicenes names of animals: phonological and/or syntactic. Seventy Italian children with expressive-phonological DLD (mean age: 61.20 months) were compared with a same-size control group. Overall, the children with DLD performed more poorly than the control group. Also, the DLD participants used the phonological index to a significantly lesser extent, confirming their specific impairment in the phonological processing of words. The current study provided evidence for the status of phonological discrimination skills as a precursor of language development, and the value of using categorization tasks to assess implicit linguistic competence in children with DLD.

scholarly journals A longitudinal analysis of early language difficulty and peer problems on later emotional difficulties in adolescence: Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239694151879539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L Forrest ◽  
Jenny L Gibson ◽  
Sarah L Halligan ◽  
Michelle C St Clair
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Peer Problems ◽  
Language Difficulties ◽  
The Relationship

Background and aim Individuals with developmental language disorder have been found to exhibit increased emotional difficulties compared to their typically developed peers. However, the underlying pathways involved in this relationship are unclear. It may be that poor language leads to social exclusion, resulting in feelings of frustration and isolation. Additionally, previous research has focused on clinical samples or early childhood in population cohorts. Therefore, the current paper examines the mediating effect of childhood peer problems on poor emotional outcomes in adolescence using a population cohort. Methods Data from the Millennium Cohort Study were analysed at ages 5, 7 and 14. The risk of developmental language disorder group (children considered at risk of developing developmental language disorder based on parental report of difficulties or a score −1.5 standard deviation on Naming Vocabulary subtest at age 5) was compared to a general population group. A Sobel–Goodman test was used to examine the mediating effect of teacher-reported peer problems at age 7 on the association between language difficulties at age 5 and parent-reported emotional problems at age 7 and 14. Results Peer problems at age 7 accounted for approximately 14% of the effect of language difficulties at age 5 on emotional problems at age 7, and approximately 17% of the effect of language difficulties at age 5 on emotional problems at age 14. Conclusions This paper supports previous findings that children and adolescents with language difficulties are at increased risk for social and emotional problems as reported by their parents and teachers. Furthermore, the findings show that peer problems partially mediate the relationship between language difficulties and emotional problems, suggesting that better relationships with peers may offer some protection against poor mental health outcomes in adolescents at risk of developmental language disorder. Implications This paper adds to the literature that investigates the mechanisms involved in the relationship between developmental language disorder and increased emotional problems. Practitioners wishing to reduce risk of emotional difficulties in children with developmental language disorder may wish to reflect on what they can do to support a child to develop positive peer relationships.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document