Daily Prosocial Actions During the COVID-19 Pandemic Contribute to Giving Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Sweijen ◽  
Suzanne van de Groep ◽  
Kayla Green ◽  
Lysanne te Brinke ◽  
Moniek Buijzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Dictator Games ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
The Impact

In the present preregistered study, we tested the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on opportunities for prosocial actions in adolescence, a formative phase for social development. 888 adolescents (10-20-years) and university students (18-25-years) completed two weeks of daily diaries on their daily prosocial support during the pandemic and Dictator Games giving directed to peers, friends and COVID-19 targets (medical doctors, COVID-19 patients, individuals with a poor immune system). Prosocial support directed to friends peaked in mid-adolescence, whereas prosocial support towards family members showed a gradual increase from childhood to young adulthood. Overall, adolescents gave more to COVID-19 targets than to peers and friends. Daily prosocial support experiences to friends predicted giving behavior to all targets, whereas prosocial support to family was specifically associated with giving to COVID-19 targets. Together, these findings elucidate the importance of prosocial experiences during the formative years of adolescence.

scholarly journals The impact of racially-motivated housing discrimination on allostatic load among Indigenous university students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Currie ◽  
Takara A. Motz ◽  
Jennifer L Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
University Students ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Discrimination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Allostatic load (AL) is an aggregate measure of wear and tear on the body due to the chronic activation of the stress response system. The goal of this study was to examine the association between racially-motivated housing discrimination and AL score within a sample of Indigenous university students.Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 ( N = 104; Mean age = 27.8 years). An item adapted from the Experience of Discrimination Scale was to assess racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past 12 months. AL was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped linear regression models were used to examine associations adjusting for age, income, parenthood, and other situations in which discrimination had been experienced.Results Indigenous university students who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year (16.8% of the sample) had an average AL score of approximately 4, which was almost double that of their peers who had not. In an adjusted model. racially-motivated housing discrimination was associated with a-1.5 point increase in AL score. This model explained 35% of the adjusted variance in AL score, of which racially-motivated housing discrimination explained 24% ( R 2 Change = 0.24, F Change = 32.52, Sig. F Change p <0.001).Conclusions Indigenous adults who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year had early and more pronounced wear and tear on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system functioning in young and middle adulthood than Indigenous peers who did not. These findings combine with others to highlight the need for increased efforts to prevent racially-motivated housing discrimination in urban centres.

scholarly journals The impact of racially-motivated housing discrimination on allostatic load among Indigenous university students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Currie ◽  
Takara A. Motz ◽  
Jennifer L Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
University Students ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Discrimination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Allostatic load (AL) is a preclinical marker of the pathophysiologic processes that precede the onset of disease. The goal of this study was to examine the association between racially-motivated housing discrimination and AL score within a sample of Indigenous university students.Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 ( N = 104; Mean age = 27.8 years). An item adapted from the Experience of Discrimination Scale was to assess racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past 12 months. AL was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped linear regression models were used to examine associations adjusting for age, income, parenthood, and other situations in which discrimination had been experienced.Results Indigenous university students who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year (16.8% of the sample) had an average AL score of approximately 4, which was almost double that of their peers who had not. In an adjusted model. racially-motivated housing discrimination was associated with a-1.5 point increase in AL score. This model explained 35% of the adjusted variance in AL score, of which racially-motivated housing discrimination explained 24% ( R 2 Change = 0.24, F Change = 32.52, Sig. F Change p <0.001).Conclusions Indigenous adults who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year had early and more pronounced wear and tear on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system functioning in young and middle adulthood than Indigenous peers who did not. These findings combine with others to highlight the need for increased efforts to prevent racially-motivated housing discrimination in urban centres.

scholarly journals The Role of Stressful Parenting and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Haplotypes on Social Development During Adolescence and Young Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Endedijk ◽  
S. A. Nelemans ◽  
R. R. Schür ◽  
M. P. Boks ◽  
P. van Lier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

scholarly journals Academic youth as a representative of a new phase in a social development. On the condition of identity in early adulthood1

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Ławiak
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
Contemporary Reality ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
New Phase

Ławiak Alicja, Academic youth as a representative of a new phase in a social development. About the condition of identity in youthfulness. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 235–244, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.15. The post-modern reality, including the multitude of changes and expanding volumes of offers force the individual to continually redefine themselves. A person existing in contemporary reality is permanently on the search for their identity, in order to finally find the most suitable one, which (as it usually turns out nowadays) does not exist. Youths make a choice within the range of education offers. They more often than not decide to study, with studying being the reason for delaying the moment of entry into adulthood and taking over social roles that are specific for the period of young adulthood. In making this choice, young people enter the phase of so-called emerging adulthood, which for a while now has been a new, separate phase of development, fitting in between adolescence and young adulthood. They are not passing through the complex process of puberty any more, however, they do not always have a mature identity. They find themselves in a period characterised by intense exploration. The article attempts to describe the specifics of this stage, additionally presenting an overview of studies on the mode of coping with issues of identification characterising the early adulthood period.

scholarly journals 1161Educational level, attention problems, and externalizing behaviour in adolescence – Social causation versus health-related selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Schmengler ◽  
Margot Peeters ◽  
Gonneke W.J.M. Stevens ◽  
Anton E. Kunst ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
Social Causation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Externalizing Behaviour ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Social causation and health-related selection may contribute to educational gradients in adolescents’ attention problems (AP) and externalizing behaviour (EB). From past studies it is unclear which of these mechanisms predominates, as AP and EB have the potential to interfere with educational performance, but may also be affected by differences in the educational context. Furthermore, gradients in AP and EB may reflect confounding by stable background characteristics, which are often unmeasured (e.g. genetics). We investigated social causation and health-related selection in the development of educational differences in EB and AP. Methods We used data from a Dutch population-based cohort (TRAILS Study; n = 2,229), including measurements of educational level, EB, and AP at ages around 14, 16, 19, 22, and 26 years. We employed cross-lagged panel models with fixed effects. This novel method allowed to evaluate the directionality in longitudinal associations between education, EB, and AP, whilst simultaneously controlling for time-stable individual differences. Results AP, but not EB, consistently predicted decreases in subsequent educational level throughout all of adolescence and young adulthood. Regarding social causation, only lower education around age 14 predicted increases in AP around age 16, though this effect was not robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions AP interfere with educational performance and have the potential to negatively affect adolescents’ educational attainment throughout all phases of adolescence and young adulthood. Key messages Interventions to address the impact of AP on education are necessary in all age groups. Hereby, it is important to take developmental differences into account.

scholarly journals The Fast Track intervention’s impact on behaviors of despair in adolescence and young adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (50) ◽  
pp. 31748-31753
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Godwin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Childhood Intervention ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽  
The Impact

How to mitigate the dramatic increase in the number of self-inflicted deaths from suicide, alcohol-related liver disease, and drug overdose among young adults has become a critical public health question. A promising area of study looks at interventions designed to address risk factors for the behaviors that precede these —often denoted—“deaths of despair.” This paper examines whether a childhood intervention can have persistent positive effects by reducing adolescent and young adulthood (age 25) behaviors that precede these deaths, including suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, hazardous drinking, and opioid use. These analyses test the impact and mechanisms of action of Fast Track (FT), a comprehensive childhood intervention designed to decrease aggression and delinquency in at-risk kindergarteners. We find that random assignment to FT significantly decreases the probability of exhibiting any behavior of despair in adolescence and young adulthood. In addition, the intervention decreases the probability of suicidal ideation and hazardous drinking in adolescence and young adulthood as well as opioid use in young adulthood. Additional analyses indicate that FT’s improvements to children’s interpersonal (e.g., prosocial behavior, authority acceptance), intrapersonal (e.g., emotional recognition and regulation, social problem solving), and academic skills in elementary and middle school partially mediate the intervention effect on adolescent and young adult behaviors of despair and self-destruction. FT’s improvements to interpersonal skills emerge as the strongest indirect pathway to reduce these harmful behaviors. This study provides evidence that childhood interventions designed to improve these skills can decrease the behaviors associated with premature mortality.

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