Garner_et_al_when_learning_hurts_control

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31234/osf.io/89bf6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kelly Garner ◽

Jordan Butler ◽

Scott Jones ◽

Paul Edmund Dux

Keyword(s):

Information Sharing ◽

Statistical Learning ◽

Learning Task ◽

Learning Phase ◽

Cognitive Architectures ◽

Common Information ◽

Shared Information ◽

New Perspective

Performing two tasks concurrently typically leads to performance costs. Historically, multitasking costs have been assumed to reflect fundamental constraints of cognitive architectures. A new perspective proposes that multitasking costs reflect information sharing between constituent tasks; shared information gains representational efficiency, at the expense of multitasking capability. We test this theory by determining whether increasing cross-task information harms multitasking. 48 participants performed multitasks where they mapped keypresses to four shapes. In a subsequent statistical learning task, these shapes then formed pairs that were predictive or non-predictive of an upcoming target judgement. When participants again responded to these shapes in the multitasking context, performance was poorer when the shape pair had been predictive of target outcomes in the learning phase, relative to non-predictive. Thus, associating common information to shape pairings transferred to negatively impact multitasking performance, providing the first causal evidence for the shared representational account of multitasking performance.

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Using Organizational Information Processing Theory to Examine the Relationship between Information Sharing and Supply Chain Performance

Supply Chain Optimization, Management and Integration ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-135-5.ch016 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 230-240

Author(s):

Clay Posey

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Information Processing ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Information Sharing ◽

Information Processing Theory ◽

Processing Theory ◽

Organizational Information ◽

Shared Information ◽

Organizational Information Processing Theory ◽

New Perspective

Supply chains operate under conditions of uncertainty, and chain members exchange information as a means to mitigate such uncertainty within the chain. While these exchanges have largely been viewed as a positive method of achieving operational cohesion, some supply chains appear to benefit more from increased levels of information sharing than others. To assist in explaining the performance differences experienced by supply chains engaged in information-sharing activities, a new perspective of information sharing within supply chains based on organizational information processing theory (Galbraith, 1973) is introduced. More specifically, it is posited that individual supply chains may be examined as single information processors and that their characteristics can induce complexities in the shared information—ultimately an issue that affects how supply chains process this information. Furthermore, the degree to which supply-chain members’ information systems are compatible with each other is posited to also play a significant role in information-processing capabilities.

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Information Sharing and Supply Chain Performance

Business Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-969-9.ch118 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1946-1955

Author(s):

Clay Posey ◽

Abdullahel Bari

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Information Processing ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Information Sharing ◽

Supply Chain Performance ◽

Processing Theory ◽

Organizational Information ◽

Exchange Information ◽

Shared Information ◽

New Perspective

Practically all supply chains operate under conditions of uncertainty. To mitigate this uncertainty and increase performance, organizations within chains exchange information to achieve operational cohesion. However, as some researchers have noted, some supply chains benefit more from increased levels of information sharing than others (e.g. Cachon & Fisher, 2000). To assist in explaining the performance differences experienced by supply chains engaged in information-sharing activities, we introduce a new perspective of information sharing within supply chains based on organizational information processing theory (Galbraith, 1973). More specifically, our work and derived conceptual model posit that individual supply chains may be examined as single information processors and that their characteristics can induce complexities in the shared information which subsequently influence how supply chains process this information. Furthermore, the degree to which supply-chain members’ information systems are compatible with each other is posited to also play a significant role in information-processing capabilities.

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Bridging the gap between speech segmentation and word-to-world mappings: Evidence from an audiovisual statistical learning task

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e512592013-037 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

T. Cunillera

Keyword(s):

Statistical Learning ◽

Learning Task ◽

Speech Segmentation

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Cooperation and Free Riding in Cyber Security Information-Sharing Programs

Cyber Security and Threats ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5634-3.ch018 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 309-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asmeret Bier Naugle ◽

Austin Silva ◽

Munaf Aamir

Keyword(s):

Information Sharing ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Free Riding ◽

Cyber Attacks ◽

Defense Strategies ◽

Shared Information ◽

Substantial Investment ◽

Human Decision

Even with substantial investment in cyber defense, the risk of harm from cyber attacks is significant for many organizations. Multi-organization information-sharing programs have the potential to improve cyber security at relatively low cost by allowing organizations that face similar threats to share information on vulnerabilities, attacks, and defense strategies. The dynamics of an information-sharing program are likely to depend heavily on interactions between human decision makers. This article describes a system dynamics model of an information-sharing program. The model incorporates decision-making strategies of managers and cyber defenders in each participating organization. The model was used to assess how free-riding behavior is likely to affect the success of a multi-organization information-sharing program. Results shows that free riding may make information sharing more volatile and less beneficial early on, but other factors, including cost savings and the perceived utility of shared information, are likely to create success later in the time horizon.

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Statistical learning in domestic chicks is modulated by strain and sex

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72090-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Santolin ◽

Orsola Rosa-Salva ◽

Bastien S. Lemaire ◽

Lucia Regolin ◽

Giorgio Vallortigara

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Statistical Learning ◽

Comparative Research ◽

Learning Task ◽

Human Infants ◽

Sensory Inputs ◽

Automated Tracking ◽

Domestic Chicks ◽

Continuous Stream

Abstract Statistical learning is a key mechanism for detecting regularities from a variety of sensory inputs. Precocial newborn domestic chicks provide an excellent model for (1) exploring unsupervised forms of statistical learning in a comparative perspective, and (2) elucidating the ecological function of statistical learning using imprinting procedures. Here we investigated the role of the sex of the chicks in modulating the direction of preference (for familiarity or novelty) in a visual statistical learning task already employed with chicks and human infants. Using both automated tracking and direct human coding, we confirmed chicks’ capacity to recognize the presence of a statistically defined structure underlying a continuous stream of shapes. Using a different chicken strain than previous studies, we were also able to highlight sex differences in chicks’ propensity to approach the familiar or novel sequence. This could also explain a previous failure to reveal statistical learning in chicks which sex was however not determined. Our study confirms chicks’ ability to track visual statistics. The pivotal role of sex in determining familiarity or novelty preferences in this species and the interaction with the animals’ strain highlight the importance to contextualize comparative research within the ecology of each species.

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Probabilistic Learning in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054720905094 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 108705472090509 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marjolein Luman ◽

Tieme W. P. Janssen ◽

Marleen Bink ◽

Rosa van Mourik ◽

Athanasios Maras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Instrumental Learning ◽

Learning Task ◽

Learning Phase ◽

Learning Problems ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Probabilistic Learning ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Initial Learning ◽

Reward Probability

Objective: The current study examined instrumental learning in ADHD. Method: A total of 58 children with ADHD and 58 typically developing (TD) children performed a probabilistic learning task using three reward probability conditions (100%, 85%, 70% reward). After a learning phase, application of what was learned was assessed in a test phase. Results: Results showed that children with ADHD performed less accurate compared with TD children during the learning phase, particularly in the 100% and 85% reward probability conditions. These findings were accompanied by a blunted learning rate in the first few task trials. Furthermore, children with ADHD showed poorer application of what was learned. Conclusion: To conclude, children with ADHD show initial learning problems, but increased performance in a similar manner as TD children independent of the probability of reward, although they fail to apply their knowledge. Findings are of clinical relevance as the application of knowledge is important to successfully adapt to daily challenges in life.

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Decentralized Private Information Sharing Protocol on Social Networks

Security and Communication Networks ◽

10.1155/2020/7137480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Shu-Chuan Chu ◽

Lili Chen ◽

Sachin Kumar ◽

Saru Kumari ◽

Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Networking ◽

Information Sharing ◽

Mass Distribution ◽

Private Information ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Control Protocol ◽

Shared Information ◽

Community Finding ◽

Target Community

Social networks are becoming popular, with people sharing information with their friends on social networking sites. On many of these sites, shared information can be read by all of the friends; however, not all information is suitable for mass distribution and access. Although people can form communities on some sites, this feature is not yet available on all sites. Additionally, it is inconvenient to set receivers for a message when the target community is large. One characteristic of social networks is that people who know each other tend to form densely connected clusters, and connections between clusters are relatively rare. Based on this feature, community-finding algorithms have been proposed to detect communities on social networks. However, it is difficult to apply community-finding algorithms to distributed social networks. In this paper, we propose a distributed privacy control protocol for distributed social networks. By selecting only a small portion of people from a community, our protocol can transmit information to the target community.

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Exploring information sharing in the extended supply chain: an interdependence perspective

Supply Chain Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/scm-07-2014-0252 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 455-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Joakim Kembro ◽

Kostas Selviaridis

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Information Sharing ◽

Demand Uncertainty ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Content Type ◽

Related Information ◽

Market Shares ◽

Shared Information ◽

Meta Information

Purpose – This paper aims to empirically explore demand-related information sharing in the extended supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – Through a single, embedded case design, a range of methods are used to collect data from companies representing three different supply chain tiers, including focal company, first-tier suppliers and first-tier customers. The collected data are analysed through the theoretical lens of interdependence. Findings – The findings indicate that the supply chain actors adapt information sharing to the pooled, serial or reciprocal type of interdependence. Information sharing is thus increased with key dyadic partners representing, for example, unique offerings and high market shares as percentage of total expenditure/sales. The study also unearths several barriers to information sharing beyond dyadic ties, including problems related to dis-aggregated, misinterpreted and/or incomplete information. Research limitations/implications – The study empirically contributes to the existing literature by exploring information sharing in the extended supply chain and by suggesting different approaches to information sharing depending on the type and intensity of interdependence between supply chain partners. Further, the paper contributes to the existing literature on barriers of information sharing in supply chains by identifying barriers specific to multi-tier information sharing. “Meta-information” (i.e. information about the shared information) is needed to overcome some of the barriers of sharing information in cases of weak, pooled interdependencies in the supply chain. Practical implications – Similar to previous empirical research, this exploratory study indicates that companies, in general, refrain from sharing information beyond dyadic ties. Supply chain managers would instead mostly focus on stronger, reciprocal interdependencies and emphasise dyadic information sharing. To further guide managers, a demand profiling framework considering market share and demand uncertainty is presented. It may be interesting to engage in multi-tier information sharing in particular cases where strong interdependence exists between three or more partners. Originality/value – This study contributes to existing research on information sharing in supply chains by empirically studying information sharing in an extended supply chain, applying interdependence theory as its analytical framework and unearthing several barriers that are specific to multi-tier information sharing.

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