scholarly journals The Role of Temperament in the Onset of Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors across Adolescence: Findings from a 10-year Longitudinal Study of Mexican-Origin Youth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Lawson ◽  
John K. Kellerman ◽  
Evan Kleiman ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn ◽  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Positive Emotionality ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mexican Origin Youth ◽  
And Behaviors

Suicide among young people is an increasingly prevalent and devastating public health crisis around the world. To reduce the rate of suicide, it is important to identify factors that can help us better predict suicidal ideation and behaviors. Adolescent temperament (Effortful Control, Negative Emotionality, Positive Emotionality) may be a source of risk and resilience for the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. The present study uses longitudinal data from a large community sample of Mexican-origin youth (N=674), assessed annually from age 12 to 21, to examine how temperament is associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood. Results indicate that higher levels of Effortful Control (Activation Control, Inhibitory Control, Attention) are associated with decreased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, whereas higher levels of Negative Emotionality (particularly Aggression, Frustration, and Depressed Mood) are associated with increased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Positive Emotionality (Surgency, Affiliation) was not associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Supplemental analyses showed conceptually similar findings for the Big Five, with Conscientiousness associated with decreased risk, Neuroticism associated with increased risk, and the other three dimensions showing largely null results. No meaningful differences emerged between boys and girls, or youth born in the U.S. versus Mexico. Overall, these findings suggest that adolescent temperament serves as both a risk factor (via Negative Emotionality) and a protective factor (via Effortful Control) for suicidal ideation and behaviors in Mexican-origin youth.

scholarly journals The major worldwide stress of healthcare professionals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic – the international COVISTRESS survey

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257840
Author(s):  
Sébastien Couarraze ◽  
Louis Delamarre ◽  
Fouad Marhar ◽  
Binh Quach ◽  
Jiao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Paramedical Staff ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Very High

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has initiated an upheaval in society and has been the cause of considerable stress during this period. Healthcare professionals have been on the front line during this health crisis, particularly paramedical staff. The aim of this study was to assess the high level of stress of healthcare workers during the first wave of the pandemic. Materials and methods The COVISTRESS international study is a questionnaire disseminated online collecting demographic and stress-related data over the globe, during the pandemic. Stress levels were evaluated using non-calibrated visual analog scale, from 0 (no stress) to 100 (maximal stress). Results Among the 13,537 individuals from 44 countries who completed the survey from January to June 2020, we included 10,051 workers (including 1379 healthcare workers, 631 medical doctors and 748 paramedical staff). The stress levels during the first wave of the pandemic were 57.8 ± 33 in the whole cohort, 65.3 ± 29.1 in medical doctors, and 73.6 ± 27.7 in paramedical staff. Healthcare professionals and especially paramedical staff had the highest levels of stress (p < 0.001 vs non-healthcare workers). Across all occupational categories, women had systematically significantly higher levels of work-related stress than men (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between age and stress level (r = -0.098, p < 0.001). Healthcare professionals demonstrated an increased risk of very-high stress levels (>80) compared to other workers (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.87–2.41). Paramedical staff risk for very-high levels of stress was higher than doctors’ (1.88, 1.50–2.34). The risk of high levels of stress also increased in women (1.83, 1.61–2.09; p < 0.001 vs. men) and in people aged <50 (1.45, 1.26–1.66; p < 0.001 vs. aged >50). Conclusions The first wave of the pandemic was a major stressful event for healthcare workers, especially paramedical staff. Among individuals, women were the most at risk while age was a protective factor.

scholarly journals Tobacco smoking in non-psychotic patients with suicidal ideation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Zinchuk ◽  
Georgii Kustov ◽  
Massimiliano Beghi ◽  
Evgenii Pashnin ◽  
Alexander Yakovlev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have found a higher incidence of suicidal ideation/plan/attempt and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior among smokers (Poorolajal et al., 2016; Marin et al., 2020). People with mental health problems have been shown to be one of the most smoking populations (Szatkowski et al, 2015). At the same time, the presence of a mental disorder is an independent predictor of the occurrence of suicidal ideation (Klonsky et al, 2017). An important question about the impact of nicotine consumption on the course of self-Injurious thoughts and behaviors in persons with non-psychotic mental disorders remains unclear. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of tobacco smoking (TS) on the risk of lifetime suicidal plan (SP), attempt (SA) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in patients with nonpsychotic mental disorders (NPMD) and suicidal ideation (SI). Four hundred and 78 consecutive patients with NPMD and SI were included. All patients were evaluated by a psychiatrist, underwent Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI) as well as semi-structured interview designed to gather information on demographic and biographical features. Mann-Whitney, chi-square test and stepwise logistic regression were used as statistical methods. The mean age of the sample was 28 (11.46) and most of the patients were female 417 (97.2%). Lifetime TS was reported by 324 (67.8%) patients. We found no differences between smokers and non-smokers in age, gender, educational and occupational statuses, as well as the diagnoses of mental disorders and their number (Tab.1). SP, SA and NSSI were significantly more common in patients with lifetime tobacco smoking history. No significant differences were found in age of onset of self-injurious thoughts and behavior, and total number of SP, SA and NSSI between lifetime smokers and non-smokers (Tab. 2) Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed an association of lifetime TS with lifetime SA and NSSI, but not with SP (Tab: 3). In consistence with previous studies (Sankaranarayanan et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020), our results suggested that lifetime tobacco smoking is strongly associated with an increased risk of suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Moreover, we showed suggested that tobacco smoking involved in transition from ideation to action. It is proposed that smoking may increase the risk of suicide through a biological pathway - decreasing the activity of the serotonergic system of hippocampus, reduce brain serotonin function and activate of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Thus, nicotine may be able to activate the attenuated responsiveness of the HPA axis to psychological stress (Poorolajal et al, 2016). History of lifetime TS in patients with NPMD and SI is associated with an increased risk of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior.

scholarly journals The co-development of chores and effortful control among Mexican-origin youth and prospective work outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 103883
Author(s):  
Rodica Ioana Damian ◽  
Olivia E. Atherton ◽  
Katherine M. Lawson ◽  
Richard W. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Mexican Origin Youth

scholarly journals The Co-Development of Chores and Effortful Control among Mexican-Origin Youth and Prospective Work Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica I. Damian ◽  
Olivia E. Atherton ◽  
Katherine M. Lawson ◽  
Richard Robins
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Mexican Origin Youth ◽  
Working Student

The present research examined: (a) the co-development of chores and effortful control, and (b) the prospective impact of effortful control development (i.e., initial levels and the trajectory of effortful control from late childhood through adolescence) on work outcomes in young adulthood. We used data from a longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin youth assessed at ages 10, 12, 14, 16, and 19. We found no evidence of co-developmental associations between chores and effortful control, but we found that higher initial levels of effortful control (age 10) predicted working-student status, less job stress, and better job fit, and steeper increases in effortful control from age 10 to 16 predicted higher job satisfaction and job autonomy in young adulthood (age 19).

scholarly journals The Development of Educational Aspirations and Expectations From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican-Origin Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-974
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Lawson ◽  
Olivia E. Atherton ◽  
Emilio Ferrer ◽  
Richard W. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mexican Origin Youth ◽  
Using Data

Mexican-origin youth are at increased risk for school dropout and low educational attainment. High educational aspirations and expectations provide a potential source of resilience, given their association with positive educational outcomes. Using data from a longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin youth, we examined the development of educational aspirations ("how far would you like to go in school?") and expectations ("how far do you actually expect to go?") from 7th grade ( M age = 12.8) to 2 years post–high school ( M age = 19.8). Results indicate that Mexican-origin youth enter adolescence with very high aspirations and expectations (e.g., 67% expect to graduate from college) and maintain them even after transitioning into young adulthood. Several demographic and cultural factors, including parent education level, family income, the cultural value of familism, ethnic identity, and Spanish language use, were associated with higher aspirations and expectations.

scholarly journals The Development of Educational Aspirations and Expectations from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican-Origin Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Lawson ◽  
Olivia E. Atherton ◽  
Emilio Ferrer ◽  
Richard Robins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mexican Origin Youth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spanish Language Use

Mexican-origin youth are at increased risk for school dropout and low educational attainment. High educational aspirations and expectations provide a potential source of resilience, given that they predict positive educational outcomes. Using data from a large sample of Mexican-origin youth (N=674), we examined the development of educational aspirations (how far would you like to go in school?) and expectations (how far do you actually expect to go?) from seventh grade (Mage=12.8) to two years post-high school (Mage=19.8). Results indicate that Mexican-origin youth enter adolescence with very high aspirations and expectations, and maintain them even after transitioning into young adulthood. Several demographic and cultural factors, including parental education, family income, the cultural value of familism, ethnic identity, and Spanish language use, were associated with higher aspirations and expectations.

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