Tobacco smoking in non-psychotic patients with suicidal ideation

Recent studies have found a higher incidence of suicidal ideation/plan/attempt and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior among smokers (Poorolajal et al., 2016; Marin et al., 2020). People with mental health problems have been shown to be one of the most smoking populations (Szatkowski et al, 2015). At the same time, the presence of a mental disorder is an independent predictor of the occurrence of suicidal ideation (Klonsky et al, 2017). An important question about the impact of nicotine consumption on the course of self-Injurious thoughts and behaviors in persons with non-psychotic mental disorders remains unclear. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of tobacco smoking (TS) on the risk of lifetime suicidal plan (SP), attempt (SA) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in patients with nonpsychotic mental disorders (NPMD) and suicidal ideation (SI). Four hundred and 78 consecutive patients with NPMD and SI were included. All patients were evaluated by a psychiatrist, underwent Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI) as well as semi-structured interview designed to gather information on demographic and biographical features. Mann-Whitney, chi-square test and stepwise logistic regression were used as statistical methods. The mean age of the sample was 28 (11.46) and most of the patients were female 417 (97.2%). Lifetime TS was reported by 324 (67.8%) patients. We found no differences between smokers and non-smokers in age, gender, educational and occupational statuses, as well as the diagnoses of mental disorders and their number (Tab.1). SP, SA and NSSI were significantly more common in patients with lifetime tobacco smoking history. No significant differences were found in age of onset of self-injurious thoughts and behavior, and total number of SP, SA and NSSI between lifetime smokers and non-smokers (Tab. 2) Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed an association of lifetime TS with lifetime SA and NSSI, but not with SP (Tab: 3). In consistence with previous studies (Sankaranarayanan et al., 2015; Marin et al., 2020), our results suggested that lifetime tobacco smoking is strongly associated with an increased risk of suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Moreover, we showed suggested that tobacco smoking involved in transition from ideation to action. It is proposed that smoking may increase the risk of suicide through a biological pathway - decreasing the activity of the serotonergic system of hippocampus, reduce brain serotonin function and activate of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Thus, nicotine may be able to activate the attenuated responsiveness of the HPA axis to psychological stress (Poorolajal et al, 2016). History of lifetime TS in patients with NPMD and SI is associated with an increased risk of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior.

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Obesity, food insecurity, and depression among females

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-020-00463-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manik Ahuja ◽

Thiveya Sathiyaseelan ◽

Rajvi J. Wani ◽

Praveen Fernandopulle

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research and it is currently exploring the impact of nutrition and obesity on brain function and mental illness. Prior studies links between obesity, nutrition and depression among women. However, less is known how food insecurity may moderate that relationship. Methods Data were employed from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001–2003. Two logistic regression models were Logistic regression was used to determine the association between obesity, gender, food insecurity, and past year Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We then stratified by gender, and tested the association between obesity and past year MDD, and if food insecurity moderated the association. Results Obesity was associated with an increased risk for past year Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among females (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.17–1.55) and was not associated among males (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.86–1.32). Women who reported that reported both obesity and food insecurity reported higher odds of past year MDD episode (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI, 2.36–4.21, than women who did not report food insecurity (AOR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.38). Conclusion With rising rates of mental health problems, females should be closely monitored to understand how poor diets, food insecurity, and obesity play a role in mental health outcomes. It is recommended that clinicians and treatment providers consider the patient’s diet and access to nutritious foods when conducting their assessment.

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Effects of COVID-19 on maternal anxiety and depressive disease: a literature review

Sechenov Medical Journal ◽

10.47093/2218-7332.2021.12.2.35-43 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 35-43

Author(s):

I. Mappa ◽

F. A. Distefano ◽

G. Rizzo

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Maternal Mental Health ◽

Developmental Outcomes ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is a public health emergency of international concern. Pandemics pose a challenge to psychological resilience and can have an adverse impact on mental health. The impact of the ensuing social isolation and loneliness imposed by quarantine along with the worries about the risks of the infection and its economic fallout would appear likely to affect the mental health of the population. It has been reported that women are more likely to experience anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19 than men. COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the level of anxiety and depression of pregnant women according to their basal level and pregnancy characteristics. Antenatal mental disorders may be a risk factor for maternal mental health problems such as an increased likelihood of postnatal depression and adverse obstetric and developmental outcomes. Effective coping strategies are associated with better psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced anxiety and depression. The increased risk of mental disorders due to COVID-19 requires policies to be developed to address prenatal and postpartum care to promote maternal-child wellbeing outcomes.

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Tobacco smoking and mental disorders in Australian adolescents

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00048674211009617 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000486742110096

Author(s):

David Lawrence ◽

Sarah E Johnson ◽

Francis Mitrou ◽

Sharon Lawn ◽

Michael Sawyer

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Self Harm ◽

Current Tobacco

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the strength of the association between mental disorders/mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents, (2) compare rates of tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents with major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder in 2013/14 vs 1998, and (3) identify the extent to which an association between tobacco smoking and mental health problems among adolescents can be attributed to non-mental health risk factors. Methods: The study utilised data from the first (1998) and second (2013/14) child and adolescent components of the National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Both surveys identified nationally representative samples of Australian young people aged 4–17 years, living in private dwellings. Information was collected from parents and 13- to 17-year-olds about mental disorders, mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking. Results: In the 2013/14 survey, the rate of current tobacco smoking among those with a mental disorder was 20% compared to 5% in those without a mental disorder. Rates were highest for young people with conduct disorder (50%), major depressive disorder (24%) and anxiety disorders (19%). In 2013/14, 38% of current tobacco smokers had a mental disorder and 32% reported self-harm and/or suicidal ideation vs 10% and 5%, respectively, among adolescents who had never smoked. Females with mental disorders or reporting self-harm or suicidal ideation had higher rates of current smoking than males. Other significant factors associated with current smoking included school-related problems, binge eating and having had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: While smoking rates in 13- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders had declined since 1998, the strength of the association between mental disorders and smoking had increased, especially among females. Our findings highlight the need to address the tobacco smoking among adolescents with mental disorders, particularly females.

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756 The Moderating Influence of Depression on Insomnia and Suicidal Ideation in a Military Sample

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A294-A295

Author(s):

Emma Palermo ◽

Jennifer Goldschmied ◽

Elaine Boland ◽

Elizabeth A Klingaman ◽

Philip Gehrman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Research University ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Risk And Resilience ◽

Depression Severity ◽

Significant Interaction Effect ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Military personnel are at an increased risk for suicide compared to the general population, making it important to develop a deeper understanding of which factors contribute to this elevated risk. Given that suicidal ideation (SI) is one of the strongest predictors of suicide attempts, understanding factors that underlie SI may improve prevention efforts. Insomnia and depression both serve as independent risk factors for SI, and therefore the aim of this study was to examine the extent to which depressive symptoms moderate the association between insomnia and SI. Methods Data were obtained from the All Army Study of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS). Soldiers (n=21,450) completed questions related to suicidal ideation (5 items), depressive symptoms (9 items), and insomnia (5 items) based on symptom presence in the past 30 days. Items in each domain were summed to create a total severity score. GEE models using a negative binomial linking function were conducted to examine the impact of depression, insomnia, and their interaction on SI. Results Both depression (χ2 =117.56, p<0.001) and insomnia (χ2=11.79, p=0.0006) were found to have significant main effects on SI, and there was a significant interaction effect (χ2=4.52, p=0.0335). Follow up simple effects revealed that insomnia was no longer significantly associated with SI when depression severity was low, but was associated with SI in the presence of greater depression severity (χ2=2.91, p=0.0882). Conclusion In a large sample of Army soldiers, depression significantly moderated the association between SI and insomnia, such that insomnia seems to amplify the effects of depression on SI. These findings highlight the importance of addressing insomnia severity as a mean of reducing SI in those with depression, potentially allowing for intervention prior to a suicide attempt. Support (if any) Perlis: K24AG055602 & R01AG041783. This publication is based on public use data from Army STARRS (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan- http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR35197-v1), funded by U.S. NIMH-U01MH087981.

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The Impact of Extraversion and Sensation Seeking on Tourist Role

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2015.43.1.75 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 75-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cheng-Yu Li ◽

Shiao-Yuan Lu ◽

Bi-Kun Tsai ◽

Keh-Yuan Yu

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Large Scale ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Tourism Marketing ◽

Large Scale Survey ◽

And Behaviors ◽

The Impact

In recent years, personality variables, such as extraversion and sensation seeking, have been used to investigate tourist preferences and behaviors. For this study, we classified tourist roles into three types: the familiarized mass tourist, the organized mass tourist, and the independent tourist. We investigated the impact of extraversion and sensation seeking on tourist roles in a large-scale survey of Taiwanese citizens (N = 1,249) aged 20 years and older. Using logistic regression analysis, the results indicated that sensation seeking was a significant predictor of tourist role, but extraversion was not. Compared to familiarized mass tourists, people who are sensation-seeking are more likely to become independent tourists rather than organized mass tourists. We provide suggestions for tourism marketing.

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Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

10.31234/osf.io/5fhgu ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Louis Favril

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Prison Population ◽

Total Sample ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Mere Presence

Background: Mental disorders are overrepresented in prisoners, placing them at an increased risk of suicide. Advancing our understanding of how different mental disorders relate to distinct stages of the suicidal process—the transition from ideation to action—would provide valuable information for clinical risk assessment in this high-risk population. Methods: Data were drawn from a representative sample of 1212 adults (1093 men) incarcerated across 13 New Zealand prisons, accounting for 14% of the national prison population. Guided by an ideation-to-action framework, three mutually exclusive groups of participants were compared on the presence of mental disorders assessed by validated DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: prisoners without any suicidal history (controls; n = 778), prisoners who thought about suicide but never made a suicide attempt (ideators; n = 187), and prisoners who experienced suicidal ideation and acted on such thoughts (attempters; n = 247). Results: One-third (34.6%) of participants reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation, of whom 55.6% attempted suicide (19.2% of all prisoners). Suicidal outcomes in the absence of mental disorders were rare. Whilst each disorder increased the odds of suicidal ideation (OR range 1.73–4.13) and suicide attempt (OR range 1.82–4.05) in the total sample (n = 1212), only a select subset of disorders was associated with suicide attempt among those with suicidal ideation (n = 434). Drug dependence (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.48), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.26-2.85), and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.37-3.17) distinguished attempters from ideators. Conclusion: Consistent with many epidemiological studies in the general population, our data suggest that most mental disorders are best conceptualized as risk factors for suicidal ideation rather than for suicide attempt. Once prisoners consider suicide, other biopsychosocial factors beyond the mere presence of mental disorders may account for the progression from thoughts to acts of suicide.

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Age, Pulse Pressure and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure Increase the Risk of Death in Normal and Hypertensive Humans.

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.684-b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 684-684

Author(s):

Myron H Weinberger ◽

Naomi S Fineberg ◽

Morris Weinberger ◽

S. Edwin Fineberg

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Initial Study ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Salt Sensitivity ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Volume Depletion ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk

36 We recently ascertained 376 initially normotensive (N) and 197 initially hypertensive (H) subjects among a group of 544 studied for the assessment of salt sensitivity (SS) at least 25 years ago to identify factors associated with morbidity and mortality. The age range when initially studied was 18-80 years. For this report we analyzed demographic factors as well as pulse pressure (PP), SS and renin status based on the response to sodium and volume depletion. Of the total ascertained, 108 (42 N, 66 H) have died. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that total death was associated with each 1 mmHg increase in PP (odds ratio-OR 1.04,p<0.001) year of age (OR 1.03,p<0.001)and SS (OR 2.17,p<0.003). An inverse relationship between renin levels and deaths were observed, with low renin status associated with an increased risk (p<0.001). When known cardiovascular death was examined separately by stepwise logistic regression, PP (OR 1.06,p<0.001) age (OR 1.06,p<0.001) and gender (female OR 0.34,p<0.005) emerged as important factors. H at the time of initial study also was associated with reduced survival (p<0.003). Renin status was not found to be associated with total or cardiovascular death after adjusting the observations for age. These observations provide confirmation of earlier studies identifying the contribution of age, gender, H and PP to the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. A 4% increase in risk of death with each 1 mmHg increase in PP can be identified from these data. The novel finding of an independent contribution of SS to death requires further investigation.

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Mental health disorders and alcohol misuse among UK military veterans and the general population: a comparison study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720001944 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Rebecca Rhead ◽

Deirdre MacManus ◽

Margaret Jones ◽

Neil Greenberg ◽

Nicola T Fear ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Alcohol Misuse ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Military Health ◽

Male Veterans ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background For a small minority of personnel, military service can have a negative impact on their mental health. Yet no studies have assessed how the mental health of UK veterans (who served during the recent operations in Afghanistan or Iraq) compares to non-veterans, to determine if they are at a disadvantage. We examine the prevalence of mental disorders and alcohol misuse in UK veterans compared to non-veterans. Methods Veteran data were taken from the third phase of the King's Centre for Military Health Research cohort study (n = 2917). These data were compared with data on non-veterans taken from two large general population surveys: 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 5871) and wave 6 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS, n = 22 760). Results We found that, overall, UK veterans who served at the time of recent military operations were more likely to report a significantly higher prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) (23% v. 16%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (8% v. 5%) and alcohol misuse (11% v. 6%) than non-veterans. Stratifying by gender showed that the negative impact of being a veteran on mental health and alcohol misuse was restricted to male veterans. Being ill or disabled was associated with a higher prevalence of CMD and PTSD for both veterans and non-veterans. Conclusion Whilst the same sociodemographic groups within the veteran and non-veteran populations seemed to have an increased risk of mental health problems (e.g. those who were unemployed), male veterans, in particular, appear to be at a distinct disadvantage compared to those who have never served.

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Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154591 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 207 (3) ◽

pp. 262-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lauren C. Ng ◽

Catherine M. Kirk ◽

Frederick Kanyanganzi ◽

Mary C. Smith Fawzi ◽

Vincent Sezibera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Matched Case ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Control Study

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death for young people. Children living in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV rates are disproportionately high, may be at increased risk.AimsTo identify predictors, including HIV status, of suicidal ideation and behaviour in Rwandan children aged 10–17.MethodMatched case–control study of 683 HIV-positive, HIV-affected (seronegative children with an HIV-positive caregiver), and unaffected children and their caregivers.ResultsOver 20% of HIV-positive and affected children engaged in suicidal behaviour in the previous 6 months, compared with 13% of unaffected children. Children were at increased risk if they met criteria for depression, were at high-risk for conduct disorder, reported poor parenting or had caregivers with mental health problems.ConclusionsPolicies and programmes that address mental health concerns and support positive parenting may prevent suicidal ideation and behaviour in children at increased risk related to HIV.

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Impact of different approaches of primary care mental health on the prevalence of mental disorders

Primary Health Care Research & Development ◽

10.1017/s1463423617000743 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (03) ◽

pp. 256-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leonardo Moscovici ◽

Joao Mazzoncini de Azevedo-Marques ◽

Lívia Maria Bolsoni ◽

Antonio Luiz Rodrigues-Junior ◽

Antonio Waldo Zuardi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Primary Care ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Economic Status ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Mental Health Training ◽

Health Training ◽

Primary Care Mental Health ◽

The Impact

AimTo compare the impact of three different approaches to primary care mental health on the prevalence of mental disorders.BackgroundMillions of people suffer from mental disorders. As entry point into the health service, primary healthcare plays an important role in providing mental health prevention and treatment.MethodsRandom sample of households in three different areas of the city of Ribeirão Preto (state of São Paulo, Brazil) were selected, and 20 trained medical students conducted interviews using a mental health screening instrument, the Mini-Screening of Mental Disorders, and a socio-demographic datasheet. Primary care mental health was provided in each area through a specific approach. The influence of the area of residence and the socio-demographic variables on the prevalence of mental disorder was explored and analyzed by univariate binary logistic regression and then by a multiple logistic regression model.FindingsA total of 1545 subjects were interviewed. Comparison between the three areas showed a significantly higher number of people with mental disorders in the area covered by the primary care team that did not have physicians with specific primary care mental health training, even when this association was adjusted for the influence of age, education, and socio-economic status.Our results suggest that residing in areas with family physicians with mental health training is associated with a lower prevalence of mental disorders.

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