Looking at remembering: Eye movements, pupil size, and autobiographical memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve M. J. Janssen ◽  
Alicia Foo ◽  
Sheena Johnson ◽  
Alfred Lim ◽  
Jason Satel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Relationship

To examine the relationship between visual imagery and autobiographical memory, eye position and pupil size were recorded while participants first searched for memories and then reconstructed the retrieved memories (Experiment 1), or only searched for memories (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we observed that, although recollective experience was not associated with the number of fixations per minute, memories that took longer to retrieve were linked to increased pupil size. In Experiment 2, we observed that directly retrieved memories were recalled more quickly and were accompanied by smaller pupils than generatively retrieved memories. After correcting for response time, retrieval mode also produced an effect, showing that decreased pupil size is not simply due to directly retrieved memories being recalled more quickly. These findings provide compelling evidence that objective measures, such as pupil size, can be used alongside subjective measures, such as self-reports, to distinguish between directly retrieved and generatively retrieved memories.

scholarly journals Easily adaptable head-free training system of macaques for tasks requiring precise measurements of eye position

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Kawaguchi ◽  
Paria Pourriahi ◽  
Lenka Seillier ◽  
Stephane Clery ◽  
Hendrikje Nienborg
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Training System ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
List Type ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Visuomotor Tasks

AbstractWe describe a modified system for training macaque monkeys without invasive head immobilization on visuomotor tasks requiring the control of eye-movements. The system combines a conventional primate chair, a chair-mounted infrared camera for measuring eye-movements and a custom-made concave reward-delivery spout firmly attached to the chair. The animal was seated head-free inside the chair but the concavity of the spout stabilized its head during task performance. Training on visual fixation and discrimination tasks was successfully performed with this system. Eye-measurements, such as fixation-precision, pupil size as well as micro-saccades were comparable to those obtained using conventional invasive head-fixation methods. The system is inexpensive (∼$40 USD material cost), easy to fabricate in a workshop (technical drawings are included), and readily adjustable between animals without the need to immobilize or sedate them for these adjustments.HighlightsWe developed an approach to train macaque monkeys head-free on visuomotor tasks requiring measurements of eye positionThe setup is inexpensive, easy to build, and readily adjusted to the animal without the need for sedationThe system was tested for training on a visual fixation and a visual discrimination taskEye measurements (fixation precision, pupil size, microsaccades) were comparable to those from head-fixed animals

Relationship between Visual and Motor Imagery

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P. McAvinue ◽  
Ian H. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Implicit Motor ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between visual and motor imagery was investigated by administering a battery of visual and motor imagery measures to a sample of 101 men ( n = 49) and women ( n = 52), who ranged in age from 18 to 59 ( M=34.5, SD=12.6). A principal components analysis applied to the correlation matrix indicated four underlying components, which explained 62.9% of the variance. The components were named Implicit Visual Imagery Ability, Self-report of Visual and Motor Imagery, Implicit Motor Imagery Ability, and Explicit Motor Imagery Ability. These results suggested a dissociation between visual and motor imagery although visual and motor imagery were associated as self-reports and there were correlations among particular measures.

Looking at remembering: Eye movements, pupil size, and autobiographical memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 103089
Author(s):  
Steve M.J. Janssen ◽  
Alicia Foo ◽  
Sheena N. Johnson ◽  
Alfred Lim ◽  
Jason Satel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Pupil Size

The Two Components of Social Desirability and their Relations to Resting Frontal Brain Asymmetry

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia A. Pauls ◽  
Jan Wacker ◽  
Nicolas W. Crost
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Α Band

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between resting frontal hemispheric asymmetry (FHA) in the low α band (8-10.25 Hz) and the two components of socially desirable responding, i.e., self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM), in an opposite-sex encounter. In addition, Big Five facets, self-reports of emotion, and spontaneous eye blink rate (BR), a noninvasive indicator of functional dopamine activity, were assessed. SDE as well as IM were related to relatively greater right-than-left activity in the low α band (i.e., relative left frontal activation; LFA) and to self-reported positive affect (PA), but only SDE was related to BR. We hypothesized that two independent types of motivational approach tendencies underlie individual differences in FHA and PA: affiliative motivation represented by IM and agentic incentive motivation represented by SDE. Whereas the relationship between SDE and PA was mediated by BR, the relationship between SDE and FHA was not.

The relationship between eye movements and subsequent recognition: Evidence from individual differences and amnesia

Cortex ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 182-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna K. Olsen ◽  
Vinoja Sebanayagam ◽  
Yunjo Lee ◽  
Morris Moscovitch ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Cannabis use, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in a nationally representative sample of US adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Q. Ong ◽  
John Bellettiere ◽  
Citlali Alvarado ◽  
Paul Chavez ◽  
Vincent Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Public Health

Abstract Background Prior research examining the relationship between cannabis use, sedentary behavior, and physical activity has generated conflicting findings, potentially due to biases in the self-reported measures used to assess physical activity. This study aimed to more precisely explore the relationship between cannabis use and sedentary behavior/physical activity using objective measures. Methods Data were obtained from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,092 participants (ages 20–59; 48.8% female) had accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Participants were classified as light, moderate, frequent, or non-current cannabis users depending on how often they used cannabis in the previous 30 days. Multivariable linear regression estimated minutes in sedentary behavior/physical activity by cannabis use status. Logistic regression modeled self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in relation to current cannabis use. Results Fully adjusted regression models indicated that current cannabis users’ accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior did not significantly differ from non-current users. Frequent cannabis users engaged in more physical activity than non-current users. Light cannabis users had greater odds of self-reporting physical activity compared to non-current users. Conclusions This study is the first to evaluate the relationship between cannabis use and accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity. Such objective measures should be used in other cohorts to replicate our findings that cannabis use is associated with greater physical activity and not associated with sedentary behavior in order to fully assess the potential public health impact of increases in cannabis use.

scholarly journals The Construct of Subjective Economic Inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062199686
Author(s):  
Anita Schmalor ◽  
Steven J. Heine
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Measure ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
American Sample ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

Economic inequality has been associated with a host of social ills, but most research has focused on objective measures of inequality. We argue that economic inequality also has a subjective component, and understanding the effects of economic inequality will be deepened by considering the ways that people perceive inequality. In an American sample ( N = 1,014), we find that some of the key variables that past research has found to correlate with objective inequality also correlate with a subjective measure of inequality. Across six countries ( N = 683), we find that the relationship between subjective inequality and different psychological variables varies by country. Subjective inequality shows only modest correlations with objective inequality and varies by sociodemographic background.

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