scholarly journals Developmental shifts toward structural explanations and interventions for social status disparities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Peretz-Lange ◽  
Jennifer Perry ◽  
Paul Muentener
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Structural Reasoning

As part of their early “essentialist” intuitions, young children view intergroup differences as reflecting groups’ intrinsic natures. In the present study, we explore the nature and development of “structural” reasoning, or view of intergroup differences as reflecting groups’ extrinsic circumstances. We introduced participants (n = 315; ages 5–6, 9–10, and adults) to novel intergroup status disparities that could be attributed to either personal or structural causes. Disparities were verbally framed in either intrinsic, neutral or extrinsic terms. We assessed attributions by asking participants to explain the disparities and to offer interventions for them. We also assessed participants’ status-based social preferences. We found that attributions shifted from personal to structural over development. Explanations and interventions for the disparities were correlated and related to the same predictors (framing and age) and outcomes (social preferences), although interventions were consistently more structural than explanations. Implications for essentialism, causal reasoning, and social development are discussed.

I doveri della moglie secondo gli insegnamenti di alcuni predicatori e scrittori tardomedievali

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Future

The society of medieval Europe had specific expectations for marriageable girls. From an early age girls were taught how to be wives and mothers, for example by being entrusted with the care of their younger siblings. The girls learned everything they would need in the future by observation. According to the teachings of preachers and writers at the time, girls, irrespective of their social status, were not meant to remain idle, as there were fears that with too much free time on their hands, they might spend it contemplating their looks, practising gestures that were to attract the attention of men or spending time alone in the streets and squares, thus exposing themselves to a variety of dangers. A wife was expected to bear a lot of children, preferably boys, because the mortality rate among young children was high at the time. Wifely duties also included raising children, at least until they were taken over by, for example, a tutor hired by the father, managing the household and ensuring every possible comfort for the husband. As Gilbert of Tournai noted, it was the mother who was expected to bring up the children in faith and to teach them good manners. The duties of the wife obviously depended on her social standing — different duties were expected from the wives of noblemen than from women lower down on the social ladder, who often had to help their husbands, in addition to doing everyday chores.

scholarly journals Impact of Social Economics in Social Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Wu Mai
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Economics ◽  
Important Branch ◽  
Distinct Idea

Here, in the article, basically the society and economics how are related that will presented. Even, the nature of social economics or socioeconomics will be described here. This is an important branch of economics. Tis article contains various aspects of social economics. Some of important topics are as like social status, social class and so on. Thus by this article, we will get distinct idea about this topic.

scholarly journals The Development of Causal Reasoning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Muentener ◽  
Elizabeth Bonawitz
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Causal Learning ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The World

Research on the development of causal reasoning has broadly focused on accomplishing two goals: understanding the origins of causal reasoning, and examining how causal reasoning changes with development. This chapter reviews evidence and theory that aim to fulfill both of these objectives. In the first section, it focuses on the research that explores the possible precedents for recognizing causal events in the world, reviewing evidence for three distinct mechanisms in early causal reasoning: physical launching events, agents and their actions, and covariation information. The second portion of the chapter examines the question of how older children learn about specific causal relationships. It focuses on the role of patterns of statistical evidence in guiding learning about causal structure, suggesting that even very young children leverage strong inductive biases with patterns of data to inform their inferences about causal events, and discussing ways in which children’s spontaneous play supports causal learning.

Hierarchical or Egalitarian?

2019 ◽  
pp. 144-164
Author(s):  
D. W. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Historic Archaeology ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Grave Goods

The model of social structure in British prehistory still owes much to the legacy of Gordon Childe, for whom economic competition was the catalyst of social inequalities. Even from the Neolithic, however, control of land or stock would have conveyed status, and the construction of major works such as tombs or henges implies authority over labour and resources, even if it was religious rather than temporal. Classical sources indicated that late pre-Roman Iron Age society was stratified, but recent opinion has questioned how far back this extended into earlier prehistory. Using grave goods as a proxy for social status may be simplistic, though whether explained as possessions of the dead, debts repaid by dependents, dedications to deities or ancestors, or displays of communal wealth consumption, they surely indicate social complexity. Settlements in British prehistory or early historic archaeology seldom display clear evidence of social hierarchy, since social status was evidently not expressed in the same terms as in contemporary materialistic and capitalistic societies. Anthropological models of social development from simple communities to chiefdoms and state societies can now be seen as neither consistent nor uniform in progression.

Causal reasoning in young children

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Paul L. Harris ◽  
Robert D. Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Causal Reasoning

ReviewsInsights into the EYFS ISBN 9781907478314 £8.99 members; £12.84 non-members. Paperback Publisher Pre-school Learning Alliance Orders Tel: 0300 3300996; www.pre-school.org.uk/shop; [email protected] SAGE Handbook of Outdoor Play and Learning Tim Waller, Eva Ärlemalm-Hagsér, Ellen Beate Hansen Sandseter, Libby Lee-Hammond, Kristi Lekies, Shirley Wyver ISBN 9781473926608 £120 Hardback; £60 e-book Publisher SAGE Publications Orders Tel: 020 73248500; www.sagepublications.comFoundations of being: understanding young children's emotional, personal and social development Julia Manning-Morton ISBN 9780904187786 £18.00. Paperback Publisher Early Education Orders Tel: 020 75395400; www.early-education.org.ukHappy Halloween! illustrated by Pintachan [£6.99 from Word and Pictures; ISBN: 9781910277461]Toad has Talent by Richard Smythe [£11.99 from Frances Lincoln Picture Books; ISBN: 9781786030115]Mrs Noah's Pockets by Jackie Morris, illustrated by James Mayhew [£12.99 from Otter-Barry Books; ISBN: 9781910959091]Elmer and the Tune by David McKee [£11.99 from Andersen Press; ISBN: 9781783445462]Pirate Baby by Mary Hoffman and Ros Asquith [£11.99 from Otter-Barry Books; ISBN: 9781910959954]Stomp School by Jeff Norton and Leo Antolini [£6.99 from Caterpillar Books; ISBN: 9781848575882]Outstanding Early Years Provision In Practice – Book 2 Nicola Scade ISBN 9781909280977 £19.99. Paperback Publisher Practical Pre-school Books Orders Tel: 0300 3300996; www.pre-school.org.uk/ shop; [email protected]'s a Sunflower in my Supper: An udderly adorable moo-sical for 3-7s Gaynor Boddy and Rebecca Kincaid ISBN 9781911430124 Book and CD £22.95 (other options available) Publisher Out of the Ark Music Orders Tel: 02084817200; Outoftheark.comxObserving and Developing Schematic Behaviour in Young Children: A professional's guide for supporting children's learning, play and development Tamsin Grimmer ISBN 9781785921797 £14.99 Paperback Publisher NCB/Jessica Kingsley Orders Tel: 02078332307 www.jkp.com

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Outdoor Play ◽  
Book Publisher ◽  
School Learning ◽  
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