scholarly journals Investigation of abbreviated 4 and 8 item versions of the PTSD Checklist 5

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Price ◽  
Derek D. Szafranski ◽  
Katherine van Stolk-Cooke ◽  
Daniel F. Gros
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Ptsd Checklist ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Assess Treatment Response ◽  
Highly Correlated

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern associated with marked impairment across the lifespan. Exposure to traumatic events alone, however, is insufficient to determine if an individual has PTSD. PTSD is a heterogeneous diagnosis such that assessment of all 20 symptoms is problematic in time-limited treatment settings. Brief assessment tools that identify those at risk for PTSD and measure symptom severity are needed to improve access to care and assess treatment response. The present study evaluated abbreviated measures of PTSD symptoms derived from the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) – a 20-item validated measure of PTSD symptoms – across two studies. In the first, using a community sample of adults exposed to a traumatic event, 4-and 8-item versions of the PCL-5 were identified that were highly correlated with the full PCL-5. In the second, using a sample of combat veterans, the 4-and 8-item measures had comparable diagnostic utility to the total-scale PCL-5. These results provide support for an abbreviated measure of the PCL-5 as an alternative to the 20-item total scale.

Dimensionality of the PTSD Checklist in a Canadian Aboriginal Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. MacLeod ◽  
Julie George ◽  
Paul F. Tremblay ◽  
Tara Elton-Marshall ◽  
David DeWit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Aboriginal Health ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Ptsd Checklist ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Highly Correlated

Background and Purpose: The PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C) is a widely used screening instrument measuring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, to our knowledge, the factor structure of the PCL-C has not been examined in an Aboriginal population. Considerable research indicates that PTSD symptoms are characterized by 4 factors, with both the “King model” and the “Simms model” supported by the literature. Methods: Using confirmatory factor analysis on the PCL-C, we examined whether these models and the overall scale were supported in an Aboriginal community sample (N = 273). Results: The data supported both models. However, the 4 factors were highly correlated, providing some support for a 1-factor model as well. Conclusions: Our data support use of the PCL-C in Aboriginal health research.

scholarly journals Title: Efficacy of Psychosocial Group Treatment for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Genocide Survivors in Rwanda, 25 Years After 1994 Genocide Against Tutsi.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse Marie Claudine SIMBI ◽  
Yuhong Zhang ◽  
Zhizhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Group Therapies

Abstract Background: Prior studies indicated that post-traumatic stress disorder is becoming a global health concern even though still poorly known and treated. In the aftermath of 1994 Genocide against Tutsi, studies found high rates of depressive and anxious symptoms along with PTSD among genocide survivors. Due to the highest cruelty in which the Genocide was committed, genocide survivors still need high special humanitarian services, of those including specialized health care services. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of psychosocial group therapies created by AVEGA Agahozo in reducing PTSD symptoms among Genocide survivors in Rwanda, 25 years after 1994 Genocide against Tutsi.Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study design with a sample of 98 genocide survivors who received group therapy by AVEGA Agahozo. We used a multi-stage random sampling method to select participants and 7 trained psychologists interviewed genocide survivors about their PTSD status before and after treatment using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.1.Results: The results showed that women were 97.96% and men presented 2.04% of all participants because AVEGA Agahozo mainly focuses on helping women survivors who lost their husbands in Genocide and previous findings also concluded that women are very prone to suffer from PTSD than men. Paired t-test results showed significant differences between symptoms, before and after treatment (P<0.001 in all pairs). Cohen's d results also showed high effect sizes (d>0.5), only in pair 8 where the difference appears to be less significant (d=0.28). The descriptive statistics showed that the severity of PTSD symptoms dramatically reduced after treatment. But this difference of severity is only statistically significant among five (5) PTSD symptoms.: (Marked physiological reactivity after exposure to trauma-related stimuli [P=0.045, x2=38.111]; inability to recall key features of the traumatic event [P<001, x2=56.309]; persistent negative trauma-related emotions [P=0.013, x2=43.184]; self-destructive or reckless behavior [P=0.041, x2=38.535]; hypervigilance [P=0.020, x2=41.596]. Conclusion: Psychosocial group therapies created by AVEGA Agahozo effectively alleviate post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and severity among genocide survivors.

Assessing PTSD Symptoms

2012 ◽  
pp. 234-249
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Bovin ◽  
Frank W. Weathers
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Ptsd Assessment

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and prevalent mental disorder that poses a number of significant challenges for accurate assessment and diagnosis. In this chapter we describe some of the most widely used PTSD assessment tools for adult trauma survivors, including structured interviews, self-report measures, and psychophysiological methods. We also discuss several key issues in PTSD assessment, including identifying an index traumatic event for symptom inquiry, linking symptoms to the index event, and detecting exaggerated symptom reporting. We conclude with a brief discussion of future directions for research on PTSD assessment.

scholarly journals 715 Insomnia as a Risk for PTSD During the COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A279-A279
Author(s):  
William Killgore ◽  
Sara Cloonan ◽  
Emily Taylor ◽  
Michael Grandner ◽  
Natalie Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ptsd Checklist ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic and associated attempts to curb its spread have led to a significant increase in mental health issues. Evidence suggests that sleep provides a protective resilience against the adverse effects of stress. Moreover, sleep disruption is often considered the “hallmark symptom” of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here we hypothesized that insomnia would increase during the first six months of the pandemic, and that higher insomnia would be associated with elevated rates of PTSD. Methods A total of 6,190 adults ranging in age from 18 to 84 years (53.6% female), completed an online cross-sectional survey at one of six time points between April and September 2020 (~1,000 per administration). Instruments included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Primary Care PTSD Checklist (PC-PTSD), and the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5). Standard clinical cutoffs were used for ISI (≥10) and PCL-5 (≥38). Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, chi-square contingency tables, and bivariate correlations. Results Over the first six-months of the pandemic, PTSD increased with each passing month on both the PC-PTSD (p=.001) and PCL-5 (p&lt;.0001). Similarly, ISI scores increased month-by-month (p&lt;.0002). Insomnia scores were highly correlated with PCL-5 PTSD scores (r=.62, p&lt;.0001), even when sleep items on the scale were excluded (r=.60, p&lt;.0001). Finally, the rate of PTSD remained below 5% across all months for those without insomnia, but among those with insomnia, the prevalence of PTSD increased between May (26% positive) and September (40% positive), representing an increase of 56% over the data collection period (interaction p=.0004). Conclusion Both insomnia and PTSD have increased dramatically over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, insomnia appears to be highly linked with the emergence of PTSD during this time. While it is not possible to make causal attributions from these cross-sectional findings, the steadily increasing rates of PTSD over time only among those with insomnia, raise the possibility that sleep disruption could act as a diathesis for the development of PTSD symptoms in response to the pandemic. Addressing insomnia during the pandemic may be an important aspect of maintaining psychological resilience in the populace. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Men’s Coercive Condom Use Resistance: The Roles of Sexual Aggression History, Alcohol Intoxication, and Partner Condom Negotiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1349-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cue Davis ◽  
Natasha K. Gulati ◽  
Elizabeth C. Neilson ◽  
Cynthia A. Stappenbeck
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Condom Negotiation ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Moment

Condom use resistance (CUR) through coercive tactics is a significant public health concern. The present study investigated CUR risk factors through an alcohol administration experiment using a sexual risk analog with a community sample of male nonproblem drinkers ( N = 321). Utilizing a path analysis framework, results demonstrated that men with more severe sexual aggression histories displayed stronger in-the-moment power and control responses, which was associated with greater coercive CUR and unprotected sex intentions. A significant interaction between sexual aggression history, risk rationale, and alcohol condition also predicted coercive CUR intentions. These findings emphasize the relationship between sexual aggression and sexual risk behaviors and highlight the importance of targeting these constructs in intervention and prevention efforts.

Peritraumatic Predictors of Acute PTSD Symptoms in Mothers of Children Exposed to a Traumatic Event

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Allenou ◽  
Alain Brunet ◽  
Sylvie Bourdet-Loubere ◽  
Bertrand Olliac ◽  
Philippe Birmes
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms

Qeirat Values and Victim Blaming in Iran: The Mediating Effect of Culture-Specific Gender Roles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Falahatpishe Baboli ◽  
Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Iranian Context

Sexual assaults are a social problem in Iran; however, psychological factors that predict perceptions of sexual assault remain largely unexamined. Here, we examine the relationship between moral concerns, culture-specific gender roles and victim blaming in sexual assault scenarios in Iranian culture. Relying on Moral Foundations Theory and recent theoretical developments in moral psychology in Iranian context, we examined the correlations between five moral foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, Purity), a culture-specific set of values called Qeirat (which includes guarding and (over)protectiveness of female kin, romantic partners, broader family, and country), and victim blaming. In a community sample of Iranians (N = 411), we found Qeirat values to be highly correlated with victim blaming, and that this link was mediated by a number of culture-specific proscriptions about women’s roles and dress code (i.e., Haya). In a regression analysis with all moral foundations, Qeirat values, Haya, and religiosity as predictors of victim blaming, only Haya, religiosity, high Authority values, and low Care values were found to predict how strongly Iranian participants blamed victims of sexual assault scenarios.

scholarly journals Association between Work-Related Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Child Welfare Workers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3541
Author(s):  
Mayumi Kataoka ◽  
Daisuke Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Child Welfare Workers ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Welfare Workers

Child welfare workers often experience work-related traumatic events and may be at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can hinder early interventions for child abuse. This study examined the association between each single work-related traumatic event experienced by child welfare workers and the cumulative number of traumatic event types with PTSD symptoms. A checklist of traumatic events was used to investigate work-related traumatic events. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was used to screen for PTSD symptoms. Two multivariate analyses were performed. A total of 140 workers were included in the analyses. In the first multivariate analysis, the event, “Witnessed a parent violently beating, hitting, kicking, or otherwise injuring a child or the other parent during work” (β = 11.96; 95% CI, 2.11–21.80; p < 0.05) and resilience (β = −0.60; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.36; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, as was resilience in the second multivariate analysis (β = −0.60; 95%CI, −0.84 to −0.36; p < 0.01). The association between the cumulative number of event types and PTSD symptoms was not significant, but it was stronger when the cumulative number was four or more. The findings suggest the importance of reducing child welfare worker exposure to traumatic events.

Biomarkers of Stress in Music Interventions: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Mitsui Wong ◽  
Talha Tahir ◽  
Michael Mitsui Wong ◽  
Annilee Baron ◽  
Rachael Finnerty
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
P Values ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Psychological stress is a significant public health concern as it is associated with various comorbidities and long-term health implications. Music interventions are emerging therapies for alleviating psychological stress and improving one’s physical and mental well-being. We conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines for reporting to identify all neuroendocrine biomarkers used to evaluate psychological stress in randomized control trials involving music interventions. We identified 18 unique biomarkers of stress from 14 full-text randomized controlled trials studies. Only one of the 14 music studies included a music therapy intervention. The most frequently used biomarkers across the studies were plasma cortisol, salivary cortisol, and salivary α-amylase. Of the 14 studies, 12 included in this review assessed at least one of these three biomarkers. Of these 12 studies, five papers reported p-values for changes in both stress biomarkers and psychological stress outcome measures. Four of the five studies found significant p-values for the reduction of both stress biomarkers and psychological stress in music intervention groups. The variety of stress biomarkers used and the variance in study protocols makes it difficult to assess the magnitude of effect of music interventions on psychological stress. However, our findings suggest that music interventions have the potential for reducing both stress biomarker levels and psychological stress in acute stress situations.

Acute child and mother psychophysiological responses and subsequent PTSD symptoms following a child's traumatic event

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Ostrowski ◽  
Norman C. Christopher ◽  
Manfred H.M. van Dulmen ◽  
Douglas L. Delahanty
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses
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