scholarly journals Emotion Socialization as a Dynamic Process across Emotion Contexts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica P. Lougheed ◽  
Miriam Brinberg ◽  
Nilam Ram ◽  
Tom Hollenstein
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Emotion Socialization ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Mothers And Daughters ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Parent Child

Emotion-related socialization behaviors that occur during parent-child interactions are dynamic. According to Eisenberg, Cumberland, and Spinrad’s (1998) model, on-going parental reactions to emotions and discussions of emotion indirectly shape children’s socioemotional competence throughout childhood and adolescence. Typically-developing adolescents—girls especially—are at increased risk for developing internalizing symptoms. We examined if and how emotion dynamics of mother-daughter interactions contribute to adolescent girls’ internalizing symptoms. We applied grid-sequence analysis (Brinberg et al., 2017) to observational data obtained while N = 96 typically-developing adolescent girls (Mage = 13.99 years) and their mothers engaged in five different emotionally-laden discussions. We identified patterns of expressed emotions that unfolded during each discussion and examined how interdyad differences in those patterns were associated with mothers’ and daughters’ internalizing symptoms. Dyads differed with respect to whether mothers or daughters tended to regulate positive emotion expressions. Interdyad differences in moment-to-moment dynamics of happy/excited and worried/sad discussions were associated with adolescent girls’ social anxiety symptoms, while differences in emotion dynamics of proud, frustrated/ annoyed, and grateful discussions were not. Taken together, results illustrate how methodological innovations are enabling new examination and detailed description of parent-child emotion socialization dynamics.

scholarly journals Symptom Profiles of CD and ODD Among Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijeoma Osigwe ◽  
Kenneth D Gadow ◽  
Sharon Nachman ◽  
Deborah A G Drabick
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Odd Symptoms ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Objective Youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) face increased risk for conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and heterogeneous findings indicate that there may be subgroups of youth with PHIV differing in the quality and/or frequency of symptoms. The present study examined symptom profiles of CD and ODD among youth with PHIV and whether profiles differed in terms of parent–child and family correlates. Methods Participants included 314 youth with PHIV, aged 6–17 years (M = 12.88 years, SD = 3.08; 51% male; 85% Black or Latinx), and their caregivers who were recruited from 29 clinics in the US involved in the International Maternal Pediatrics Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Group’s P1055 study. Caregivers reported on youth CD and ODD symptoms, parent–child interactions, and family environment. Results Latent class analysis indicated that a four-class model (i.e., moderate CD/high ODD, high ODD, moderate ODD, low CD/ODD) best fit the data. Ancillary analyses to validate these classes revealed differences for family cohesion and conflict; and child-centeredness, detachment, guilt-induced control, and consistency in parent–child interactions. The low CD/ODD class generally differed from other classes with additional differentiation between some higher risk profiles. Conclusions Findings suggest that homogeneous classes of CD/ODD symptoms can be identified among youth with PHIV, and these profiles differ in terms of family processes, consistent with previous work among chronically ill youth.

Parent–child attachment and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence: A review of empirical findings and future directions

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Brumariu ◽  
Kathryn A. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the theory and evidence for the links of parent–child attachment with internalizing problems in childhood and adolescence. We address three key questions: (a) how consistent is the evidence that attachment security or insecurity is linked to internalizing symptoms, anxiety, and depression? (b) How consistent is the evidence that specific forms of insecurity are more strongly related to internalizing symptoms, anxiety, and depression than are other forms of insecurity? (c) Are associations with internalizing symptoms, anxiety, and depression consistent for mother–child and father–child attachment? The current findings are consistent with the hypothesis that insecure attachment is associated with the development of internalizing problems. The links between specific insecure attachment patterns and internalizing problems are difficult to evaluate. Father–child and mother–child attachments have a comparable impact, although there are relatively few studies of father–child attachment. No moderators consistently affect these relations. We also propose two models of how attachment insecurity may combine with other factors to lead to anxiety or depression.

Mother–child interactions in young children with excessive physical aggression and in typically developing young children

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Urbain-Gauthier ◽  
Jaqueline Wendland
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Early Parent ◽  
Parent Child

Background: Among the multiple risk factors, the emergence of conduct problems in young children may be linked to harsh parenting and child’s temperamental difficulties, leading to a reciprocal early discordant relationship. Little is known about the characteristics of early parent–child interactions in young children with physical aggression. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the characteristics of mother–child interactions in dyads referred for excessive physical aggression in young children under 5 years of age compared to mother–child interactions in typically developing young children. Method: Mother–child interactions were assessed during a free-play session in both a clinical sample ( N = 70, child mean age  = 3.5 years) and a nonclinical sample ( N = 80, child mean age  = 3.5 years) by using the Rating Scale of Interaction Style (Clark and Seifer, adapted by Molitor and Mayes). Results: Significant differences were found between several interactive features in clinical and nonclinical dyads. In clinical dyads, mothers’ behaviors were often characterized by intrusiveness and criticism toward children, and poor facilitative positioning. Children with excessive aggressive behavior often displayed poor communication, initiation of bids, and poor responsiveness toward the mother. They displayed fewer sustained bouts of play than typically developing children did. In clinical dyads, strong positive correlations were found between child responsiveness and maternal interest in engagement ( r = .41, p < .001), while the child displaying sustained bouts of play was negatively correlated with the mother’s attempts to intrude on the child’s activity ( r = .64, p < .05). Conclusions: These data show that children with excessive aggressive behavior develop disrupted mother–infant interactions from a very young age. Several negative interactive features and correlations between child behavior and maternal behavior were found in clinical samples. The effects of these features add up and probably strengthen each other, thus leading to interactive difficulties from a very young age. More attention should be paid to early parent–child interactions in case of child behavioral problems. The recognition of these interactive dysfunctions is discussed in terms of clinical implications for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Only females show a stable association between neuroticism and microstructural asymmetry of the cingulum across childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal DTI study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Plachti ◽  
William FC Baare ◽  
Louise Baruel Johansen ◽  
Wesley K Thompson ◽  
Hartwig R Siebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Stable Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Neuroticism is characterized by a tendency to experience negative and anxious emotions. This personality trait is linked to an increased risk of anxiety and mood disorders. In a cross-sectional 3T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study in children and adolescents, we found an association between neuroticism and a relative imbalance between left and right (i.e., asymmetry) fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cingulum and white matter underlying the ventromedial prefrontal cortex with opposite directions in females and males. Here we analyzed the longitudinal follow-up DTI data, which was acquired in 76 typically-developing 7- to 18-year-olds, including up to 11 scans per subject. Neuroticism was assessed up to four times. Our longitudinal DTI measurements substantiate robust associations between higher neuroticism scores and increased left relative to right cingulum FA in females and decreased left relative to right cingulum FA in males. In females, the association was already present in late childhood and with a stable expression across childhood and adolescence. In males, the association gradually emerged during adolescence. Future longitudinal studies should clarify which neurobiological factors (e.g., genetic variation, prenatal stress, sex hormones) contribute to the sex-specific associations in the relationship between neuroticism and interhemispheric microstructural asymmetry of the cingulum.

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