scholarly journals Neuroanatomical correlates of forgiving unintentional harms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajeet Patil ◽  
Marta Calo ◽  
Federico fFornasier ◽  
Liane Young ◽  
Giorgia Silani
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Matter Volume

Mature moral judgments rely on the consideration of the perpetrator’s mental state as well as the harmfulness of the outcomes produced. Prior work has focused primarily on the functional correlates of how intent information is neurally represented for moral judgments, but few studies have investigated whether individual differences in neuroanatomy can also explain variation in moral judgments. In the current study, we conducted voxel-based morphometry analyses combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging to address this question. We found that local grey matter volume in left anterior superior temporal sulcus, a region in the functionally defined theory of mind or mentalizing network, was associated with the degree to which participants relied on information about innocent intentions to forgive accidental harms. Our findings provide further support for the key role of mentalizing in the forgiveness of accidental harms and contribute preliminary evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of individual differences in moral judgments.

scholarly journals Individual differences in brain structure and self-reported empathy in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Olivia Bray ◽  
Elena Pozzi ◽  
Nandita Vijayakumar ◽  
Sally Richmond ◽  
Camille Deane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Empathy refers to the understanding and sharing of others’ emotions and comprises cognitive and affective components. Empathy is important for social functioning, and alterations in empathy have been demonstrated in many developmental/psychiatric disorders. While several studies have examined associations between empathy and brain structure in adults, few have investigated this relationship in children. Investigating associations between empathy and brain structure during childhood will help us develop a deeper understanding of the neural correlates of empathy across the lifespan.125 children (66 female, mean age 10 years) underwent MRI brain scans. Grey matter volume and cortical thickness from T1-weighted structural images were examined using the CAT12 toolbox within SPM12. Children completed questionnaire measures of empathy (cognitive empathy, affective empathy: affective sharing, empathic concern, empathic distress).In hypothesised region of interest analyses, individual differences in affective and cognitive empathy were related to grey matter volume in the insula and the precuneus. Although these relationships were of similar strength to those found in previous research, they did not survive correction for the total number of models computed. While no significant findings were detected between grey matter volume and empathy in exploratory whole-brain analysis, associations were found between cortical thickness and empathic concern in the right precentral gyrus.This study provides preliminary evidence that individual differences in self-reported empathy in children may be related to aspects of brain structure. Findings highlight the need for more research investigating the neurobiological correlates of empathy in children.

scholarly journals Grey matter volume in healthy and epileptic beagles using voxel-based morphometry – a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Frank ◽  
Matthias Lüpke ◽  
Draginja Kostic ◽  
Wolfgang Löscher ◽  
Andrea Tipold
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume

Desperately seeking grey matter volume changes in sleep apnea: A methodological review of magnetic resonance brain voxel-based morphometry studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 112-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Celle ◽  
Chantal Delon-Martin ◽  
Frédéric Roche ◽  
Jean-Claude Barthélémy ◽  
Jean-Louis Pépin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOTIC EPISODES ON GREY MATTER VOLUME CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonija Ružić Baršić ◽  
Gordana Rubeša ◽  
Diana Mance ◽  
Damir Miletić ◽  
Lea Gudelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe illness whose clinical course is characterized by various numbers of psychotic episodes (PE). The neurotoxic hypothesis (NH) of schizophrenia assumes that psychosis is biologically toxic. The aim of the study was to investigate whether schizophrenia patients (SP) with multiple PE have greater grey matter volume (GMV) reduction compared to SP with fewer PE.Subjects and methods: We enrolled 106 adult SP and 63 healthy controls. Demographic and clinical data were collected and statistically analysed for all included subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was acquired on a 1.5 T scanner. SP were grouped according to the number of PE into a group with up to 3 PE (SCHG-1) and with 4 or more PE (SCHG-2). SCHG-1 was further subdivided into two groups regarding to disease duration (DD). Voxel based morphometry (VBM) analyses were performed between SP groups as well as between SP groups and the healthy controls group (HCG).Results: No relevant GMV differences were detected between SP groups. Comparison between HCG and SCHG-1 showed only 3 regions with reduced GMV, while multiple regions with reduced GMV were detected when comparing HCG and SCHG-2. Conclusions: GMV reduction in schizophrenia varies depending on the number of PE when compared to HCG, regardless of disease duration (DD), but PE is not the only contributing factor that leads to neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Saccade behaviour in migraine patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cambron ◽  
S Anseeuw ◽  
K Paemeleire ◽  
L Crevits
Keyword(s):  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Saccade Control ◽  
Gap Paradigm

Background: Voxel-based morphometry studies in migraine patients showed significant grey matter volume reduction in regions involved in the control of saccadic eye movements. We hypothesized that these changes would be reflected in dysfunctional saccadic behaviour. Methods: Saccades were recorded by infrared oculography using three different paradigms (pro-saccade with gap, pro-saccade overlap and anti-saccade with gap). We compared the results for migraine patients ( n = 80) with those for controls ( n = 87). Results: No significant differences were found between migraine patients with ( n = 46) and without ( n = 34) aura. Migraine patients showed a saccadic behaviour that differed from controls in three respects. In migraine patients, the latencies in the pro-saccade with gap paradigm were borderline significantly longer. Moreover, in both the pro-saccade with gap and the pro-saccade overlap paradigm we observed a larger intra-individual variation of the latency in migraine patients. However, the biggest difference was that the patients who received migraine prophylactic therapy made significantly more anti-saccade errors in the anti-saccade with gap paradigm, suggesting that inhibitory saccade control is impaired in migraine patients depending on the severity of the migraine. Conclusion: We suggest a deficient inhibitory control, reflecting an executive dysfunction in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or a dysfunction in the cingulate cortex, is present in migraine patients.

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