scholarly journals Narratives of freedom reduce conservative opposition to a universal basic income policy and welfare-related stereotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Thomas ◽  
Gregory M Walton ◽  
Ellen Reinhart ◽  
Hazel Markus
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Income Policy ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Us

Inequality and deep poverty have risen sharply in the US since the 1990s. Simultaneously, support for cash-based welfare has fallen among conservatives, who hold more stigmatizing beliefs about welfare recipients. Universal Basic Income (UBI)—a policy that proposes to give cash to all citizens to meet basic needs—aims to combat both economic and social exclusion through its features of unconditionality and universality. Yet, across three online experiments with convenience samples of US adults (total N=1,895), we found that these unique policy details alone were not sufficient to garner bipartisan support. Extending the culture match and moral reframing literatures, we test the impacts of values-based narratives of UBI on policy support and intergroup attitudes. Only when UBI was communicated with a narrative emphasizing the bipartisan value of individual freedom did UBI mitigate opposition from conservatives and welfare-related stereotypes. Exploratory analyses suggest values alignment and values salience as drivers of these impacts.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

scholarly journals Repercussions of Stereotyping and Cultural Bigotry in John Updike’s 9/11 Fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Saleem Dhobi
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Society

This article analyzes Updike’s 9/11 novel, Terrorist to explore the implications of stereotyping and cultural bigotry in US society in the aftermath. The novelist demonstrates the problematic in the cultural integration of minorities particularly Muslims and Jews as represented by Ahmad and Jack Levy. The primary motto of the article is to analyze the novel from the perspective of the protagonists Ahmad and Jack who suffer the cultural and social exclusion in American society. Ahmad is the victim of cultural bigotry and Jack Levy faces discriminatory practices at school. The isolation and marginalization of Ahmad and Jack respectively imply the ethnic crevices prevalent in the US society. The author demonstrates that the dominant cultural groups: European and African Americans do not accept the religious minorities: Muslims and Jews. Consequently, Muslims who are overtly the targets of cultural hatred and marginalization in the aftermath of the 9/11 as portrayed in the novel become hostile toward the Western culture. The efforts for integration of religious minorities are cosmetic as exemplified in the cases of Ahmad and Jack in the text. The writer makes a balance in representing both dominant and Muslim cultures to demonstrate the problems pertaining to ethnic groups at their failure in accommodating differences. The cultural separation and hatred prevalent in US society become obstacles even for those like Jack who seek to integrate. The paper eventually demonstrates the possibility of integration of religious minorities when both mainstream Americans and people of religious minorities conform to accepting the differences.

scholarly journals Deprivation and Deservingness: Exploring Basic Income in Response to Immigrant Poverty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Koughan
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Moral Framing ◽  
Material Capital

Research on the economic trends for immigrants to Canada shows a progressive trend towards impoverishment, particularly for racialized groups. This review presents the case that current responses to poverty in Canada are inadequate, and tend to perpetuate the cycles they seek to address by reifying group divides. Building on theories of social exclusion, this MRP explores the potential of basic income to create greater access to social and material capital for otherwise marginalized groups. Finally, by looking at current policy approaches to welfare, public attitudes towards redistribution, and historic BIG trials, the argument is made that with non-moral framing a basic income trial in Canada could be both politically feasible and destigmatizing.

Abstract T P274: Accreditation Status of Outpatient Cerebrovascular Testing Facilities Among Medicare Beneficiaries: The VALUE (Vascular Accreditation, Location & Utilization Evaluation) Study

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C Brown ◽  
Kefeng Wang ◽  
Chuanhui Dong ◽  
Mary B Farrell ◽  
Gary V Heller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total N ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Outpatient Procedures ◽  
The Us

OBJECTIVE: Accreditation of cerebrovascular ultrasound laboratories by the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC) or equivalent bodies is supported by The Joint Commission certification of stroke centers. Limited information exists on the accreditation status and geographic distribution of these testing facilities in the US. The aims were to: (1) Identify the proportion of IAC accredited vascular testing facilities used by Medicare beneficiaries for outpatient cerebrovascular testing services; (2) Describe the geographical distribution of these facilities; and (3) Identify variation in the types and volumes of cerebrovascular testing procedures by accreditation status. METHODS: As a part of the VALUE (Vascular Accreditation, Location & Utilization Evaluation) Study, we examined the proportion of IAC accredited facilities that conducted cerebrovascular testing in a 5% CMS random Outpatient Limited Data Set (LDS) for the US in 2011 and investigated their geographical distribution using the Medicare Provider of Services (POS) file. RESULTS: Of the 7,864 total facilities billing Medicare for cerebrovascular testing procedures, only 22% (n=1,723) were IAC accredited. The percentage of facilities conducting cerebrovascular testing that were IAC accredited varied by region (Χ2[3]=400.4, p<0.0001), with 43%, 21%, 17% and 13% located in the Northeast, South, Midwest, and West, respectively. However, when examining the total number of cerebrovascular outpatient procedures conducted in 2011 (total n=38,646), 41% (15,729) were conducted in IAC accredited facilities. Moreover, when examining procedure type across all sites, 98% (38,011) of all cerebrovascular testing procedures conducted were carotid duplex, of which 41% (15,417) were conducted in IAC accredited facilities. In contrast, 1% (n=315) of all cerebrovascular procedures were transcranial (TCD), of which 56% (n=177) were conducted in IAC accredited facilities. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of IAC accredited facilities conducting outpatient cerebrovascular testing is low and varies by region. The growing number of certified stroke centers should be accompanied by more accredited vascular testing facilities that could potentially improve quality of stroke care.

The poetry of accumulation: Irish-American fables of resistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn Wall
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Frank Mccourt ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mary Gordon ◽  
American Catholic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Authors ◽  
The Catholic Church

Eamonn Wall’s discussion of Irish American Catholic experience reveals many similarities on either side of the pond, and some differences also. The Irish American authors and commentators provide unique perspectives on many facets of Irish life, including the unique role played by the Catholic Church. Among the authors discussed are Frank McCourt, whose account of a poor Catholic childhood in Limerick is so memorably captured in the best-seller, Angela’s Ashes, Colum McCann, Colm Tóibín and Mary Gordon. Similarly, the theologian Richard P. McBrien, journalist and writer Maureen Dezell, and sociologist Andrew Greely combine to illustrate the impact that the Irish Church has had on its American equivalent. Wall maintains that looking towards Ireland from the US, and drawing on American notions of egalitarianism and individual freedom, sometimes allows for a more dispassionate view of Ireland’s Catholic heritage and enables envisaging its future with a far greater clarity than can be achieved when change is all around you.

Freedom’s Just Another Word . . .

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Tiananmen Square ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cold War

For any way of thought to become dominant, a conceptual apparatus has to be advanced that appeals to our intuitions and instincts, to our values and our desires, as well as to the possibilities inherent in the social world we inhabit. If successful, this conceptual apparatus becomes so embedded in common sense as to be taken for granted and not open to question. The founding figures of neoliberal thought took political ideals of human dignity and individual freedom as fundamental, as ‘the central values of civilization’. In so doing they chose wisely, for these are indeed compelling and seductive ideals. These values, they held, were threatened not only by fascism, dictatorships, and communism, but by all forms of state intervention that substituted collective judgements for those of individuals free to choose. Concepts of dignity and individual freedom are powerful and appealing in their own right. Such ideals empowered the dissident movements in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union before the end of the Cold War as well as the students in Tiananmen Square. The student movements that swept the world in 1968––from Paris and Chicago to Bangkok and Mexico City––were in part animated by the quest for greater freedoms of speech and of personal choice. More generally, these ideals appeal to anyone who values the ability to make decisions for themselves. The idea of freedom, long embedded in the US tradition, has played a conspicuous role in the US in recent years. ‘9/11’ was immediately interpreted by many as an attack on it. ‘A peaceful world of growing freedom’, wrote President Bush on the first anniversary of that awful day, ‘serves American long-term interests, reflects enduring American ideals and unites America’s allies.’ ‘Humanity’, he concluded, ‘holds in its hands the opportunity to offer freedom’s triumph over all its age-old foes’, and ‘the United States welcomes its responsibilities to lead in this great mission’. This language was incorporated into the US National Defense Strategy document issued shortly thereafter.

scholarly journals Universal Basic Income in the US and Advanced Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hoynes ◽  
Jesse Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Basic Income ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals An unconditional basic income? How Dutch citizens justify their opinions about a basic income and work conditionality

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-300
Author(s):  
Federica Rossetti ◽  
Femke Roosma ◽  
Tijs Laenen ◽  
Koen Abts
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The One ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractThe article focuses on one of the core but controversial features of a universal basic income (UBI): its unconditionality. Using qualitative in-depth interviews collected in the Dutch municipality of Tilburg in 2018–2019, we examine the arguments underlying popular opinions about a UBI and work conditionality. The analysis suggests that these arguments can be interpreted from two theoretical perspectives. On the one hand, respondents make frequent use of deservingness criteria referring to the characteristics of welfare recipients, such as their need and work willingness. On the other hand, they justify their opinions using arguments related to the characteristics of welfare schemes, such as their administrative and financial feasibility. Our findings offer important insights concerning political actors who support (or oppose) the real-world implementation of a UBI.

The Rhetoric and Reality of Urban Policy in the Neoliberal City: Implications for Social Struggle in Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati

10.1068/a4045 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2674-2692 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Addie Jean-Paul
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Social Struggle ◽  
Low Income Families

This paper explores the disparities between the ideological discourses and material outcomes of three key urban policies, contextually grounded within the neoliberalised social and institutional spaces of Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati. Whilst the rhetoric of neoliberal doctrine presents an emancipatory urban imaginary based upon individual freedom and the beneficent role of free markets, the embedding of the policies discussed accentuates the political and economical disenfranchisement of the most marginalised neighbourhood inhabitants. Moreover, the ability of this group to politically mobilise against hostile neoliberalisation and gentrification is undermined by the facilitation of out-migration of stable low-income families and community leaders, and the reproduction of the negative, criminal, and blighted aspects of Over-the-Rhine's environment. Neoliberalisation is seen to operate through material and discursive moments of social exclusion and in perpetuating sociospatial structures which justify the continued implementation of repressive political and regulatory projects. In concluding, I suggest neoliberal hegemony may be undermined through exposing the ways in which it reproduces and exacerbates the phenomena it condemns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document