scholarly journals tDCS targeting the vmPFC modulates reactive aggression and electrophysiological responses: an EEG-tDCS study in a forensic population.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Sergiou ◽  
Emiliano Santarnecchi ◽  
Ingmar H.A. Franken ◽  
Eric Rassin ◽  
Nico van Beveren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Forensic Patients ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Related Potentials

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that impairments in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in forensic patients who also abuse cocaine and alcohol play a crucial role in aggression. However, current treatment in forensic patients is found not to be effective. A promising intervention is to modulate the vmPFC by transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). This study aimed to investigate high definition (HD)-tDCS as an intervention to increase empathic abilities in order to reduce violent behavior in forensic patients. In addition, using electroencephalography (EEG), we examined the effects of tDCS on the event-related potentials P3 and LPP in reaction to situations that depict victims of aggression (i.e. empathy). METHODS: Fifty male forensic substance use patients (25 in the active and 25 in the sham condition) were tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. The patients received HD-tDCS two times a day for 20 min for five consecutive days. Before and after the intervention, the patients completed self-reports, performed the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP), and EEG was recorded while patients performed an empathy task.RESULTS: Results showed a significant decrease in aggressive responses on the PSAP and a decrease in self-reported reactive aggression in the active tDCS group. Additionally, we found an increase in LPP amplitude after tDCS intervention in the active tDCS group compared to the sham group. No effects on the P3 were found.CONCLUSION: Current findings are the first to find effects of tDCS modulating aggression and electrophysiological responses in forensic patients, thereby showing the potential for tDCS as an intervention in forensic mental healthcare.

scholarly journals Effect of Anodal-tDCS on Event-Related Potentials: A Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Izzidien ◽  
Sriharasha Ramaraju ◽  
Mohammed Ali Roula ◽  
Peter W. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Difference

We aim to measure the postintervention effects of A-tDCS (anodal-tDCS) on brain potentials commonly used in BCI applications, namely, Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD), Event-Related Synchronization (ERS), and P300. Ten subjects were given sham and 1.5 mA A-tDCS for 15 minutes on two separate experiments in a double-blind, randomized order. Postintervention EEG was recorded while subjects were asked to perform a spelling task based on the “oddball paradigm” while P300 power was measured. Additionally, ERD and ERS were measured while subjects performed mental motor imagery tasks. ANOVA results showed that the absolute P300 power exhibited a statistically significant difference between sham and A-tDCS when measured over channel Pz (p=0.0002). However, the difference in ERD and ERS power was found to be statistically insignificant, in controversion of the the mainstay of the litrature on the subject. The outcomes confirm the possible postintervention effect of tDCS on the P300 response. Heightening P300 response using A-tDCS may help improve the accuracy of P300 spellers for neurologically impaired subjects. Additionally, it may help the development of neurorehabilitation methods targeting the parietal lobe.

scholarly journals Effects of a Green Oat Herb Extract on Cognitive Performance and Neurophysiological Activity: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Martinez-Horta ◽  
Eran Ivanir ◽  
Tania Perrinjaquet-Moccetti ◽  
Matthias Heinrich Keuter ◽  
Jaime Kulisevsky
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Green oat extracts have been used for centuries in traditional medicine in view of their supposed beneficial effects on cognition and mood. Recently, a specific green oat formulation (Neuravena®) showed to have significant bioactive compounds potentially associated with the enhancement of processing speed, working memory and attention. The main aim of the current study was to compare the potential effect of acute administration of 800 mg of Neuravena® with placebo on a set of neurophysiological correlates of processing speed, attention, performance-monitoring and inhibitory control. Twenty healthy participants were randomized to receive either Neuravena® or placebo. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signal acquisition was obtained while participants carried out the modified Eriksen flanker and oddball tasks. Both groups were compared on measures of behavioral task performance, and a set of event-related potentials (ERPs) components related to performance monitoring (the error-related negativity; ERN and the N2), target detection, and attention (P3a/P3b). Following active-intervention N2, ERN, and P3a/P3b were significantly reduced and performance was faster, with no loss of accuracy. Conversely, no neurophysiological differences were found in the placebo group before and after treatment and performance worsened significantly in terms of reaction time and accuracy. Acute administration of 800 mg of Neuravena® appears to enhance the optimization of neural resources and positively influences cognitive performance in tasks associated with executive functions, processing speed and attention. Moreover, Neuravena® prevents the deleterious effects of tiredness during task performance.

Clinical and attentional effects of acute nicotine treatment in Tourette’s syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Howson ◽  
Sue Batth ◽  
Vadim Ilivitsky ◽  
Armand Boisjoli ◽  
Martine Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Tourette's Syndrome ◽  
Tourette’S Syndrome ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nicotine Treatment ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractEvidence from pre-clinical infrahuman investigations, open-label clinical trials, and a single controlled trial found acute nicotine treatment potentiated up to 4 weeks neuroleptic-induced reductions of dyskinetic symptoms characterizing Tourette’s syndrome (TS). Given the attentional disturbances associated with this syndrome, and the improvements in attentional processes reported with nicotine, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the acute (4 h) and sustained (2 weeks) effects of a single dose of transdermal nicotine on clinical (i.e., tics), attentional (continuous performance task, event-related potentials, patient and parental reports) and behavioral symptoms in 23 children and adolescents with TS receiving neuroleptic treatment. In the 14 evaluable patients with complete primary efficacy data, nicotine (compared to placebo) failed to alter symptoms at 4 h but counteracted ERP-P300 signs of diminished attention seen 2 weeks following placebo treatment. Secondary efficacy measures, including patient self-reports and parental ratings, found nicotine to reduce complex tics and improve behaviors related to inattention. Additional work with intermittent dosing schedules is required to characterize optimal clinical and cognitive effects with nicotine treatment.

Asynchronies in the Development of Electrophysiological Responses to Motion and Color

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1363-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa V. Mitchell ◽  
Helen J. Neville
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Dorsal Stream ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Ventral Stream ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Related Potentials

Recent reports have documented greater plasticity in the dorsal visual stream as compared with the ventral visual stream. This study sought to test the hypothesis that this greater plasticity may be related to a more protracted period of development in the dorsal as compared with the ventral stream. Age-related effects on event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by motion and color stimuli, designed to activate the two visual streams, were assessed in healthy individuals aged 6 years through adulthood. Although significant developmental effects were observed in amplitudes of ERPs to both color and motion stimuli, marked latency effects were observed only in response to motion. These results provide support for the hypothesis that the dorsal stream displays a longer developmental time course across the early school years than the ventral stream. Implications for neural and behavioral plasticity are discussed.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological responses to negative evaluative person-knowledge: Effects of individual differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Krasowski ◽  
Sebastian Schindler ◽  
Maximilian Bruchmann ◽  
Robert Moeck ◽  
Thomas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Early Posterior Negativity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractFaces transmit rich information about a unique personal identity. Recent studies examined how negative evaluative information affects event-related potentials (ERPs), the relevance of individual differences, such as trait anxiety, neuroticism, or agreeableness, for these effects is unclear. In this preregistered study, participants (N = 80) were presented with neutral faces, either associated with highly negative or neutral biographical information. Faces were shown under three different task conditions that varied the attentional focus on face-unrelated features, perceptual face information, or emotional information. Results showed a task-independent increase of the N170 component for faces associated with negative information, while interactions occurred for the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and the Late Positive Potential (LPP), showing ERP differences only when paying attention to the evaluative information. Trait anxiety and neuroticism did not influence ERP differences. Low agreeableness increased EPN differences during perceptual distraction. Thus, we observed that low agreeableness leads to early increased processing of potentially hostile faces, although participants were required to attend to a face-unrelated feature.

scholarly journals Event-Related Potentials During Decision-Making in a Mixed-Strategy Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Yu Chang ◽  
Winnugroho Wiratman ◽  
Yoshikazu Ugawa ◽  
Shunsuke Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Matching Pennies ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Sequential Trials

The decisions we make are sometimes influenced by interactions with other agents. Previous studies have suggested that the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in decision-making and that the dopamine system underlies processes of motivation, motor preparation, and reinforcement learning. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying how the prefrontal cortex and the dopaminergic system are involved in decision-making remain largely unclear. The present study aimed to determine how decision strategies influence event-related potentials (ERPs). We also tested the effect of levodopa, a dopamine precursor, on decision-making and ERPs in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled investigation. The subjects performed a matching-pennies task against an opposing virtual computer player by choosing between right and left targets while their ERPs were recorded. According to the rules of the matching-pennies task, the subject won the trial when they chose the same side as the opponent, and lost otherwise. We set three different task rules: (1) with the alternation (ALT) rule, the computer opponent made alternating choices of right and left in sequential trials; (2) with the random (RAND) rule, the opponent randomly chose between right and left; and (3) with the GAME rule, the opponent analyzed the subject’s past choices to predict the subject’s next choice, and then chose the opposite side. A sustained medial ERP became more negative toward the time of the subject’s target choice. A biphasic potential appeared when the opponent’s choice was revealed after the subject’s response. The ERPs around the subject’s choice were greater in RAND and GAME than in ALT, and the negative peak was enhanced by levodopa. In addition to these medial ERPs, we observed lateral frontal ERPs tuned to the choice direction. The signals emerged around the choice period selectively in RAND and GAME when levodopa was administered. These results suggest that decision processes are modulated by the dopamine system when a complex and strategic decision is required, which may reflect decision updating with dopaminergic prediction error signals.

Event-Related Potentials and Cognitive Processing of Affectively Toned Words in Depression

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Antony Serfaty ◽  
Robert Bothwell ◽  
Richard Marsh ◽  
Heather Ashton ◽  
Robert Blizard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis

Abstract Background: Depressed subjects and euthymic controls demonstrate differences in cognitive processing and brain electrophysiology. Contingent negative variation (CNV) and postimperative negative variation (PINV) was used to investigate the relationship between cognition and cortical event related potentials. Method: Electrophysiological responses and memory of different personality trait adjectives were measured in 15 patients with major depressive disorder and 15 euthymic controls. The words were presented acoustically to elicit event-related potentials. The subjects were asked to indicate whether the words were self-referential. Responses were measured separately for self referential and non-self referential, neutral, positively and negatively toned words. Results: Depressed patients chose more negative and fewer positive words as self-referential, though no significant differences between groups in CNV magnitude for any of the words were found. Persistence of cortical negativity after the motor response (PINV) was significantly (P < 0.02) greater in patients for all non-self-referential words, and reaction times were significantly longer for all words. Recall of positive words and recognition of all words were significantly impaired in patients. Conclusions: Both electrophysiological measures and memory tests found differences between depressed patients and controls, suggesting that the PINV wave may be a useful electrophysiological probe to clarify the neurophysiological basis of cognitive processes.

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