Early, but no late ERP signature of auditory awareness in cross-modal distractor-induced deafness
Previous research showed that dual-task processes such as the attentional blink are not always transferable from unimodal to cross-modal settings. Here we ask whether such a transfer can be stated for a distractor-induced impairment of target detection, which has been established in vision (distractor-induced blindness, DIB) and was recently observed in the auditory modality (distractor-induced deafness, DID). The current study aimed to replicate the phenomenon in a cross-modal set up. An auditory target indicated by a visual cue should be detected, while task-irrelevant auditory distractors appearing before the cue had to be ignored. Behavioral data confirmed a cross-modal distractor-induced deafness: target detection was significantly reduced if multiple distractors preceded the target. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to identify the process crucial for target detection. ERPs revealed that successful target report was indicated by a larger frontal negativity around 200 ms. The same signature of target awareness has been previously observed in the auditory modality. In contrast to unimodal findings, P3 amplitude was not enhanced in case of an upcoming hit. Our results add to recent evidence that an early frontal attentional process is linked to auditory awareness, whereas the P3 is apparently not a consistent indicator of target access.