Do more attractive women show stronger preferences for male facial masculinity?

Researchers have suggested that more attractive women will show stronger preferences for masculine men because such women are better placed to offset the potential costs of choosing a masculine mate. However, evidence for correlations between measures of women’s own attractiveness and preferences for masculine men is mixed. Moreover, the samples used to test this hypothesis are typically relatively small. Consequently, we conducted two large-scale studies that investigated possible associations between women’s preferences for facial masculinity and their own attractiveness as assessed from third-party ratings of their facial attractiveness (Study 1, N = 454, laboratory study) and self-rated attractiveness (Study 2, N = 8972, online study). Own attractiveness was positively correlated with preferences for masculine men in Study 2 (self-rated attractiveness), but not Study 1 (third-party ratings of facial attractiveness). This pattern of results is consistent with the proposal that women’s beliefs about their own attractiveness, rather than their physical condition per se, underpins attractiveness-contingent masculinity preferences.

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No evidence that women using oral contraceptives have weaker preferences for masculine characteristics in men’s faces

10.31234/osf.io/kne83 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Benedict C Jones ◽

Lisa Marie DeBruine ◽

Amanda Hahn

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Large Scale ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Small Samples ◽

Facial Masculinity ◽

Oral Contraceptive Use ◽

Heterosexual Women ◽

Women’S Preferences

Previous research has suggested that women using oral contraceptives show weaker preferences for masculine men than do women not using oral contraceptives. Such research would be consistent with the hypothesis that steroid hormones influence women’s preferences for masculine men. Recent large-scale longitudinal studies, however, have found limited evidence linking steroid hormones to masculinity preferences. Given the relatively small samples used in previous studies investigating putative associations between masculinity preferences and oral contraceptive use, we compared the facial masculinity preferences of women using oral contraceptives and women not using oral contraceptives in a large online sample of 6482 heterosexual women. We found no evidence that women using oral contraceptives had weaker preferences for male facial masculinity than did women not using oral contraceptives. These findings add to a growing literature suggesting that links between reproductive hormones and preferences are more limited than previously proposed.

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Large-scale laboratory study of breaking wave hydrodynamics over a fixed bar

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans ◽

10.1002/2016jc012072 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 122 (4) ◽

pp. 3287-3310 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dominic A. van der A ◽

Joep van der Zanden ◽

Tom O'Donoghue ◽

David Hurther ◽

Iván Cáceres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Study ◽

Large Scale ◽

Breaking Wave

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Non-Pregnant and Pregnant Women’s Femininity Preferences in Male Faces: Tests Based on Within- and Between-Sex Sexual Dimorphism Facial Manipulations

Archives of Sexual Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10508-020-01868-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fangfang Wen ◽

Bin Zuo ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Shuhan Ma ◽

Shijie Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Past Research ◽

Facial Stimulus ◽

Facial Cues ◽

Facial Masculinity ◽

Facial Stimuli ◽

Pregnancy Status ◽

Face Stimuli ◽

Women’S Preferences

AbstractPast research on women’s preferences for male facial masculinity in Western cultures has produced inconsistent results. Some inconsistency may be related to the use of different facial stimulus manipulations (e.g., between-sex sexual dimorphic facial manipulation or within-sex sexual dimorphic facial manipulation) that do not perfectly avoid non-facial cues, and pregnancy status may also influence women’s face preferences. We therefore recruited pregnant and nonpregnant Chinese women and manipulated the sexual dimorphism of male facial stimuli to explore the influences of manipulation methods, non-facial cues, and pregnancy status on face preferences. Results showed that: (1) in contrast with a general masculinity preference observed in Western cultures, both pregnant and nonpregnant Chinese women preferred feminized and neutral male faces generally; (2) pregnant women’s preference for feminized male faces was stable across manipulation methods, while nonpregnant women preferred feminized male faces except under between-sex sexual dimorphism manipulation; and (3) manipulation methods, rather than non-facial cues, influenced participants’ face preferences. Specifically, women showed the strongest preferences for femininity when face stimuli were manipulated by within-sex sexual dimorphic facial manipulation, followed by unmanipulated faces and between-sex sexual dimorphic facial manipulation. This effect was stronger for nonpregnant women in the unmanipulated condition and for pregnant women in the between-sex sexual dimorphic facial manipulation. This research provides empirical evidence of women’s preferences for sexual dimorphism in male faces in a non-Western culture, as well as the effects of facial manipulation methods, pregnancy status, and the interactions between these factors.

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Women’s Preferences for Men’s Facial Masculinity: Trade-Off Accounts Revisited

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology ◽

10.1007/s40750-017-0070-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 304-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Iris J. Holzleitner ◽

David I. Perrett

Keyword(s):

Trade Off ◽

Facial Masculinity ◽

Women’S Preferences

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Unobtrusive monitoring: Statistical dissemination latency estimation in Bitcoin’s peer-to-peer network

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243475

Author(s):

David Mödinger ◽

Jan-Hendrik Lorenz ◽

Rens W. van der Heijden ◽

Franz J. Hauck

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Model ◽

Large Scale ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Third Party ◽

Network Resources ◽

Connection Number ◽

Peer Network ◽

Time Required ◽

Peer To Peer Network

The cryptocurrency system Bitcoin uses a peer-to-peer network to distribute new transactions to all participants. For risk estimation and usability aspects of Bitcoin applications, it is necessary to know the time required to disseminate a transaction within the network. Unfortunately, this time is not immediately obvious and hard to acquire. Measuring the dissemination latency requires many connections into the Bitcoin network, wasting network resources. Some third parties operate that way and publish large scale measurements. Relying on these measurements introduces a dependency and requires additional trust. This work describes how to unobtrusively acquire reliable estimates of the dissemination latencies for transactions without involving a third party. The dissemination latency is modelled with a lognormal distribution, and we estimate their parameters using a Bayesian model that can be updated dynamically. Our approach provides reliable estimates even when using only eight connections, the minimum connection number used by the default Bitcoin client. We provide an implementation of our approach as well as datasets for modelling and evaluation. Our approach, while slightly underestimating the latency distribution, is largely congruent with observed dissemination latencies.

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Behnke_Armbruster_Strobel - The needs of the many - Influence of personality on third-party judgments of utilitarian rule violations

10.31234/osf.io/b3hcv ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Behnke ◽

Diana Armbruster ◽

Anja Strobel

Keyword(s):

Emotional Responses ◽

Minority Rights ◽

Third Party ◽

Online Study ◽

The Third ◽

Moral Decisions ◽

The Many ◽

Personality Features ◽

The Cost ◽

Sense Of Justice

Safeguarding the rights of minorities is crucial for just societies. However, there are conceivable situations were minority rights might seriously impede the rights of the majority. Favoring the minority in such cases constitutes a violation of utilitarian principles. To investigate the emotional, cognitive, and punitive responses of observers of such utilitarian rule transgressions, we conducted an online study with 1004 participants. Two moral scenarios (vaccine policy and epidemic) were rephrased in the third-party perspective. In both scenarios the protagonist opted against the utilitarian option which resulted in more fatalities in total, but avoided harm to a minority. The scenarios varied in whether the minority would have been harmed accidentally or deliberate. The majority of participants chose not to punish the scenarios’ protagonists at all. However, 30.5% judged that protecting the minority over the interests of the majority when only accidental harm would have occurred (vaccine policy) was worthy of punishment. In comparison, only 11.5% opted to punish a protagonist whose decision avoided deliberate harm to a minority at the cost of the majority (epidemic). Emotional responses and appropriateness ratings paralleled these results. Furthermore, complex personality × situation interactions revealed the influence of personality features, i.e., psychopathy, empathy, altruism, authoritarianism, need for cognition and faith in intuition, on participants’ responses. The results further underscore the need to consider the interaction of situational features and inter-individual differences in moral decisions and sense of justice.

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No compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity track changes in women’s hormonal status

10.1101/136549 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Benedict C Jones ◽

Amanda C Hahn ◽

Claire I Fisher ◽

Hongyi Wang ◽

Michal Kandrik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Hormonal Status ◽

Compelling Evidence ◽

Short Term ◽

Facial Masculinity ◽

Oral Contraceptive Use ◽

Women’S Preferences

AbstractAlthough widely cited as strong evidence that sexual selection has shaped human facial attractiveness judgments, evidence that preferences for masculine characteristics in men’s faces are related to women’s hormonal status is equivocal and controversial. Consequently, we conducted the largest ever longitudinal study of the hormonal correlates of women’s preferences for facial masculinity (N=584). Analyses showed no compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity were related to changes in women’s salivary steroid hormone levels. Furthermore, both within-subject and between-subject comparisons showed no evidence that oral contraceptive use decreased masculinity preferences. However, women generally preferred masculinized over feminized versions of men’s faces, particularly when assessing men’s attractiveness for short-term, rather than long-term, relationships. Our results do not support the hypothesized link between women’s preferences for facial masculinity and their hormonal status.

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Large-Scale Buildings of the Resort Establishments of the Soviet Period and their Present State in Jūrmala City, Latvia

Architecture and Urban Planning ◽

10.2478/aup-2021-0003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 29-45

Author(s):

Baiba Vērpe

Keyword(s):

Present State ◽

Physical Condition ◽

Large Scale ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Physical Parameters

Abstract The paper presents a summary of large-scale buildings of resort establishments of Soviet period in Jūrmala, by analysing their typology, physical parameters, scenarios of the development, architectural stylistic and the present state of physical condition and authentic substance. The research reveals that half of the large-scale resort buildings are already irreversibly lost and the rest of buildings are seriously endangered due to the tendency of extensive rebuilding.

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Application Problems and Solutions of Intelligent Airport Service Robots

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202019804030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 198 ◽

pp. 04030

Author(s):

Dai Yanyan ◽

Chen Meng

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Cloud Computing ◽

Big Data ◽

Large Scale ◽

New Technologies ◽

Effective Means ◽

Third Party ◽

Service Robots ◽

Service Robot ◽

Operation Conditions

With the development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing, the “intelligent airport” is considered to be an effective means to solve or alleviate the current industry problems such as large-scale airport business, the large number of operating entities, and the complicated operation conditions. This paper is about the collaboration between universities and enterprises based on the concept of service design. Relying on big data and cloud computing technology, this paper addresses the problems of airport service robots in inquiries, blind spots of security inspection, and full monomer smart navigation diffluence, combined with the basic technology of service robot artificial intelligence and the third-party interface to design solutions to effectively solve the problems of process.

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