scholarly journals Pre-print

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Lee Jones
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Participant Reactions ◽  
Validation Experiments

Understanding in the field of face perception is borne from advances in computer graphics techniques. Here, a new and fully data-driven algorithm is introduced for studying the social perception of the face, termed face regression. Given a set of photographs representing facial texture, coordinates delineating facial shape, and measured social traits, the algorithm learns relationships between each dimension of the faces (pixel values and coordinate points) and their associated social traits. Using the learned weights, the algorithm is capable of predicting faces of any score for any or all of the modelled traits, allowing for a fine-grained examination of facial features associated with social traits when compared to common facial averaging and transforming methods. In two applications, the algorithm addresses theoretical concerns with common methodologies in face perception, and demonstrates its utility through its ability to recreate face averages, and isolate the actual appearances associated with social traits. Perceptual validation experiments indicate participant reactions differ between composite images and those generated through face regression, giving novel insight to the function of social perception. A dedicated software package for utilising the algorithm is introduced, and future applications are discussed.

Face and Hands

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-180
Author(s):  
Vittorio Gallese ◽  
Michele Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Embodied Simulation ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Brain

This chapter discusses close-ups of the face and body in relation to film and neuroscience. The subheadings are “Touching in the mirror,” which introduces and discusses the opening scenes of Ingmar Bergman’s Persona; “The somatosensory system and multimodality,” which addresses the notion of multimodality, and explains how the brain processes touch and pain; “The social perception of touch,” provides an overview of how the brain processes the vision of touch; “Feeling the film,” in which scenes from Jean Luc Godard’s Une Femme Mariée are analyzed and a suggestion provided for approaching the notion of “haptic vision,” discussed by film theorists, from a neuroscientific perspective; and “Animations,” in which the authors propose that their model of embodied simulation can be used to explain the sense of presence generated by animation films, analyzing Jan Švankmajer’s films and Pixar’s Toy Story.

scholarly journals Facial Expressions and Emotion Labels Are Separate Initiators of Trait Inferences From the Face

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Stahelski ◽  
Amber Anderson ◽  
Nicholas Browitt ◽  
Mary Radeke
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Face ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Trait Inferences ◽  
Emotion Labels

Facial inferencing research began with an inadvertent confound. The initial work by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen identified the six now-classic facial expressions by the emotion labels chosen by most participants: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. These labels have been used by most of the published facial inference research studies over the last 50 years. However, not all participants in these studies labeled the expressions with the same emotions. For example, that some participants labeled scowling faces as disgusted rather than angry was seen in very early research by Silvan Tomkins and Robert McCarty. Given that the same facial expressions can be paired with different emotions, our research focused on the following questions: Do participants make different personality, temperament, and social trait inferences when assigning different emotion labels to the same facial expression? And what is the stronger cause of trait inferences, the facial expressions themselves, or the emotion labels given to the expressions? Using an online survey format participants were presented with older and younger female and male smiling or scowling faces selected from a validated facial database. Participants responded to questions regarding the social traits of attractiveness, facial maturity, honesty, and threat potential, the temperament traits of positiveness, dominance, excitability, and the Saucier Mini-marker Big Five personality trait adjective scale, while viewing each face. Participants made positive inferences to smiling faces and negative inferences to scowling faces on all dependent variables. Data from participants labeling the scowling faces as angry were compared to those who labeled the faces as disgusted. Results indicate that those labeling the scowling faces as angry perceived the faces significantly more negatively on 11 of the 12 dependent variables than those who labeled the same faces as disgusted. The inferences made by the “disgust” labelers were not positive; just less negative. The results indicate that different emotion labels made to scowling faces can either intensify or reduce negativity in inferences, but the facial expressions themselves determine negativity or positivity.

scholarly journals Dissociation of early and late face-related processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice GOMEZ ◽  
Guillaume Lio ◽  
Manuela Costa ◽  
Angela Sirigu ◽  
Caroline Demily
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Neuronal Marker ◽  
The Face ◽  
Socially Relevant

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Williams syndrome (WS) are characterized by atypical social interaction and face processing, with opposite profiles. Evoked activity in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) occurring at 260ms is an eyes-sensitive neuronal marker. Here, we tested whether a double dissociation between these two syndromes is also observed at the cerebral level within faces processing network. Forty-two participants divided into three groups (diagnosed with WS, ASD or without neurodevelopmental disorders) performed a face perception task during a high-density EEG recording. In each trial, a particular area of the face was flashed under the participants fovea. First, using the predefined filter STS at 260ms, we found that the cortical sensitivity of STS to facial features, observed in neurotypical participants1, extended to patients with WS as opposed to patients with ASD. Again, this activity was eyes sensitive. Next, we used spatial regressor of the face cue map and computed, at each time point (without spatial a priori), to what extent the multichannel EEG signal could decode this regressor. We showed that, in contrast to patients with ASD, WS patients and young adults, produce a late (260ms) STS evoked response that is sensitive to socially relevant facial features (such as the eye and mouth). We also showed that the early (170ms) evoked response can be predicted by socially relevant facial features in patients with ASD and controls, but not in WS patients. In patients with WS, the decoding peak occurred only in the late component (at 260 ms) of the EEG, while, for patients with ASD, it occurred preferentially in the early component (at 170 ms). The present study confirms the previous results reported by Lio et al. and extend these findings by dissociating the time course of neural processes involved in face perception in WS and ASD patients. It reveals a dissociation among these two patients groups and suggest that although both syndromes are associated with social disturbances, their impairment at the neural level may have a different origin. These results provide essential evidence for understanding what, where and when neurocomputations are performed in our brain.

scholarly journals Ateizm i dyskryminacja w obliczu współczesnych zmian na świecie

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Łopuszańska ◽  
Adrianna Zacharska ◽  
Patrycja Gierszon ◽  
Marzena Samardakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Social Movement ◽  
New Atheism

The aim of this article is to present the situation of atheists around the world in the face of political and cultural changes in the world due to the increase in religious radicalism, particularly Islamic one, migration and terrorism. The article is of an illustrative character and presents the review of English literature in the scope of the discussed subject matter. Furthermore, the results of the latest global reports on prevalence of atheism in the world and the phenomenon of discrimination against persons not identifying with any faith: atheists, humanists or freethinkers were presented. The results of the selected, recent studies on the social perception of atheists and the phenomena of discrimination against them were shown. Another raised issue was the new social movement called New Atheism widespread mainly in the countries of the Western culture that in the future can constitute a new social and political challenge.

scholarly journals Beyond Smiles: Static Expressions in Maxillary Protrusion and Associated Positivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Chen ◽  
Jiuhui Jiang ◽  
Xingshan Li ◽  
Jinfeng Ding ◽  
Kevin B. Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Smiles play an important role in social perception. However, it is unclear whether a similar role is played by static facial features associated with smiles (e.g., stretched mouth and visible teeth). In dental science, maxillary dental protrusions increase the baring of the teeth and thus produce partial facial features of a smile even when the individual is not choosing to smile, whereas mandibular dental protrusions do not. We conducted three experiments to assess whether individuals ascribe positive evaluations to these facial features, which are not genuine emotional expressions. In Experiment 1, participants viewed facial photographs of maxillary and mandibular protrusions and indicated the smiling and emotional status of the faces. The results showed that, while no difference was observed in participants’ perception of the presence of a smile across both types of dental protrusion, participants felt more positive to faces with maxillary than mandibular protrusions. In Experiment 2, participants completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) test measuring implicit attitudes toward faces with maxillary vs. mandibular protrusions. The results showed that participants had more positive attitude toward faces with maxillary than mandibular protrusions. In Experiment 3, individuals with either maxillary or mandibular protrusions completed the same IAT test to assess whether any preference would be affected by in-group/out-group preferences. The results showed both groups had more positive attitudes toward faces with maxillary protrusion, indicating that this preference is independent of the group effect. These findings suggest that facial features associated with smiles are viewed positively in social situations. We discuss this in terms of the social-function account.

The face of a killer: How facial features influence the negation of guilt

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieke Curfs ◽  
Rob Holland ◽  
Jose Kerstholt ◽  
Daniel Wigboldus
Keyword(s):  
Facial Features ◽  
The Face

FACE RECOGNITION USING FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-897
Author(s):  
Vishal Paika ◽  
Er. Pankaj Bhambri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hair Style ◽  
Facial Images

The face is the feature which distinguishes a person. Facial appearance is vital for human recognition. It has certain features like forehead, skin, eyes, ears, nose, cheeks, mouth, lip, teeth etc which helps us, humans, to recognize a particular face from millions of faces even after a large span of time and despite large changes in their appearance due to ageing, expression, viewing conditions and distractions such as disfigurement of face, scars, beard or hair style. A face is not merely a set of facial features but is rather but is rather something meaningful in its form.In this paper, depending on the various facial features, a system is designed to recognize them. To reveal the outline of the face, eyes, ears, nose, teeth etc different edge detection techniques have been used. These features are extracted in the term of distance between important feature points. The feature set obtained is then normalized and are feed to artificial neural networks so as to train them for reorganization of facial images.

Chemical Reactions of Iodoform in the Study of Post-Extraction Alveolites

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2378-2381
Author(s):  
Cristian Budacu ◽  
Mihai Constantin ◽  
Iulia Chiscop ◽  
Carmen Gabriela Stelea ◽  
Raluca Dragomir
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mucosal Regeneration ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

Post-operative alveolitis is a topical issue in dental practice, which is also reflected by the etiopathogenic aspects. The conservative principle requires the maintenance of dento-periodontal units in the arch for as long as possible, but there are situations where dental extraction is required. The healing process of the post-surgical wound is complex and involves processes of gingival mucosal regeneration and bone reshaping, involving several local factors: wound size, presence of infection, alveolar vascularization, intraalveolar foreign bodies, and general factors, especially general condition, age and body reactivity. The quality, structure, maintenance, and retraction of the clot are key factors in the formation of connective tissue during the healing of the post-extraction would. At the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Gala�i, during a 2-year period between January 2015 and December 30, 2016, 2780 patients that required surgery - dental extraction were consulted and diagnosed. We found that among those 2780 patients with dental extractions 105 (3.77%) had post-treatment alveolitis. No post-surgical alveolitis from the case study was complicated by osteomyelitis of the jaws or by suppurations of the superficial or deep compartments of the face. The prophylactic measures in each dental extraction, together with the correct and timely curative treatment, combined with the dentist�s competence and responsibility, can shorten the time of suffering, actively combating the risk factor and accelerating the social reintegration of the patient with post-treatment alveolitis.

Ancient Israel's Neighbors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Doak
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Turmoil

The purpose of this book is to tell the story of Israel’s nearest neighbors—not only discovering what the Bible has to say about them but also what we can know from archaeology, ancient inscriptions, and other sources. The Bible itself presents these neighbors in nuanced and conflicting ways; sometimes they are friends or even related to Israel at a family level, and sometimes they are enemies, spoken of as though they must die in order for Israel to live. We are left wondering how the biblical portrayal might have affected our thinking about these people as historical groups, on their own terms. How would an Aramaean have described her own religion? How would an Edomite have described conflict with Israel? This book explores both the biblical portrayal of the smaller groups surrounding Israel and what people can know about these groups through their own literature, archaeology, and other sources. By uncovering the identity of the Philistines as settlers along the coast at the same time that early Israel carved out their place in the land, for example, one can better understand the social turmoil and political maneuvering that lies just beneath the surface of the biblical narrative, and can see more clearly just how the authors of the Bible saw themselves in the face of others.

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