scholarly journals Increased Pressure Leads to Decreased Trust Among the Unvaccinated: Effects of the Announcement of the Re-Introduction of Covid Passports in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Juhl Jørgensen ◽  
Alexander Bor ◽  
Michael Bang Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Press Conference ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
System P ◽  
The Press ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Increased Pressure

On November 8 2021, a press conference was held by the Danish government to re-introduce covid passports as a way of containing increasing COVID-19 infections and make life as an unvaccinated “more burdensome”. While new vaccinations increased in the weeks following the press conference, we show that this increased pressure also decreased trust among the unvaccinated. Using a difference-in-differences design on nationally representative survey data, we estimate that trust in the strategy of managing the COVID-19 epidemic decreased with 11 percentage points among the unvaccinated. When considering “pressure” as a pandemic management strategy it is important to be aware of these unintended costs and how they may shape the unvaccinated’s compliance with other health advice and their overarching support for the political system.

Identity concerns drive belief: The impact of partisan identity on the belief and dissemination of true and false news

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pereira ◽  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Harris
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
System P ◽  
False News ◽  
Democrats And Republicans ◽  
The Impact

Political misinformation, often called “fake news”, represents a threat to our democracies because it impedes citizens from being appropriately informed. Evidence suggests that fake news spreads more rapidly than real news—especially when it contains political content. The present article tests three competing theoretical accounts that have been proposed to explain the rise and spread of political (fake) news: (1) the ideology hypothesis— people prefer news that bolsters their values and worldviews; (2) the confirmation bias hypothesis—people prefer news that fits their pre-existing stereotypical knowledge; and (3) the political identity hypothesis—people prefer news that allows their political in-group to fulfill certain social goals. We conducted three experiments in which American participants read news that concerned behaviors perpetrated by their political in-group or out-group and measured the extent to which they believed the news (Exp. 1, Exp. 2, Exp. 3), and were willing to share the news on social media (Exp. 2 and 3). Results revealed that Democrats and Republicans were both more likely to believe news about the value-upholding behavior of their in-group or the value-undermining behavior of their out-group, supporting a political identity hypothesis. However, although belief was positively correlated with willingness to share on social media in all conditions, we also found that Republicans were more likely to believe and want to share apolitical fake new. We discuss the implications for theoretical explanations of political beliefs and application of these concepts in in polarized political system.

The Dual Executive

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Belco ◽  
Brandon Rottinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Political System ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Function ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
System P ◽  
Policy Making Process

The president serves dual roles in the political system: one who “commands” by pursuing his or her agenda using unilateral orders and one who “administers” and who works to continue proper government function, often with the support of Congress. In a reassessment of the literature on unilateral power, this book considers the president’s dual roles during the stages of the policy-making process. Although presidents may appear to act “first and alone,” the reality is often much different. Presidents act in response to their own concerns, as well as assisting Congress on priorities and the need to maintain harmonic government function. The authors find support for both the model of an aggressive president who uses unilateral orders to push his or her agenda, head off unfavorable congressional legislation, and selectively implement legislation, and they find support for a unifying president who is willing to share management of government, support Congressional legislative efforts, and faithfully implement legislation. At the same time, presidents self-check their actions based on the ability of Congress to act to overturn their orders, through a shared sense of responsibility to keep government moving and out of respect for the constitutional balance. The shared nature of unilateral orders does not preclude an active president, as presidents remain strong, central actors in the political system.

The Effect of Louisiana Medicaid Expansion on Affordability of Health Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110414
Author(s):  
Yixue Shao ◽  
Charles Stoecker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Health Care Affordability

Objectives Louisiana extended Medicaid coverage on July 1, 2016, to previously ineligible populations. We aimed to estimate the effect of Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion on self-reported affordability of health care. Methods We used 2011-2019 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The BRFSS measured affordability of health care by asking respondents 2 questions: (1) whether they could not see a doctor due to cost in the previous 12 months and (2) whether they could not get a prescribed medication due to cost in the previous 12 months. We estimated difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences analytical models using multivariable linear regression that compared trends in Louisiana with trends in states that did not expand Medicaid during the study period. Results Compared with adults aged <65 with annual household income >138% of the federal poverty level (FPL) in nonexpansion states, Medicaid expansion in Louisiana decreased the percentage of adults aged <65 with annual household income ≤138% FPL who reported being unable to see a doctor due to cost by 5.1 percentage points (95% CI, −6.5 to −3.6; P < .001) and unable to afford prescribed medication by 7.9 percentage points (95% CI, −9.2 to −6.6; P < .001). We found similar estimates when we limited the comparison group to Southern nonexpansion states. Conclusions Louisiana’s Medicaid expansion lowered cost barriers to health care. Further research may find improvements in health care affordability in states that have not yet expanded Medicaid.

scholarly journals The Durable Differential Deterrent Effects of Strict Photo Identification Laws

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Grimmer ◽  
Jesse Yoder
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
General Election ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Primary Election ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Law

An increasing number of states have adopted laws that require voters to show photo identification to vote. We show that the differential effect of the laws on turnout among those who lack ID persists even after the laws are repealed. We leverage administrative data from North Carolina and a photo ID law in effect for a primary, but not the sub- sequent general, election. Using exact matching and a difference-in-differences design, we show that for the 3% of voters who lack ID in North Carolina, the ID law caused a 0.7 percentage point turnout decrease in the 2016 primary election relative to those with ID. After the law was suspended this effect persisted: those without ID were 2.6 percentage points less likely to turnout in the 2016 general election and 1.7 percentage points less likely to turnout in the 2018 general.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Self-Censorship Among Polish Journalists

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2 (246)) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stępińska
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Press ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Government Reforms

The aim of this paper is to recognize the factors limiting journalists’ sense of autonomy and affecting the level of their self-censorship during the last three decades of the post-transformation period. The issue will be addressed two-fold. First, we will analyze changes in the journalists’ perception on their professional autonomy. Second, we will examine trends in relations between the political system and media system in Poland since the 1990s. The findings show that in the 1990s journalists were still much more concerned about the political factors which could affect their work than about the economic ones. A decade later they had become much more aware of the economic pressures on their profession, such as owners’ expectations and market-driven journalism. In the last few years, however, the constant pressure of ongoing government reforms aimed at bringing the press under tighter political control, as well as the emphasis on ‘national’ content, has already led to some degree of self-censorship on the part of journalists.

Questions and Answers: The Information Content of the Post-FOMC Meeting Press Conference

FEDS Notes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2997) ◽  
Author(s):  
De Pooter Michiel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Press Conference ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
The Press ◽  
Questions And Answers

Since 2011, the Chair of the Federal Reserve has held post-FOMC meeting press conferences. In a recent survey by the Hutchins Center at Brookings, which canvassed Federal Reserve watchers in academia and the private sector, respondents indicated that they view these live press conferences as the most useful of the Federal Reserve's communication tools, with more than 80 percent of respondents rating the press conferences as "useful" or "extremely useful."

The Press Conference

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel David
Keyword(s):  
Material Object ◽  
Press Conference ◽  
The Press

This chapter discusses Women of the Storm’s press conference in Washington on January 30, 2006. It describes the women’s performative actions and symbolism, including their use of “blue-tarp umbrellas,” a prop suggested by member Beverly Church that the group hoped would be a disarming, inviting form of activism. The chapter continues by discussing the prepared remarks at the press conference by Anne Milling, Cheryl Teamer, and Mary Landrieu. The chapter also examines how diversity efforts figured into the group’s public presentation of itself and how the invitation was a central discursive and material object in the group’s activities.

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