scholarly journals Factors Affecting Self-Censorship Among Polish Journalists

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2 (246)) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stępińska
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Press ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Government Reforms

The aim of this paper is to recognize the factors limiting journalists’ sense of autonomy and affecting the level of their self-censorship during the last three decades of the post-transformation period. The issue will be addressed two-fold. First, we will analyze changes in the journalists’ perception on their professional autonomy. Second, we will examine trends in relations between the political system and media system in Poland since the 1990s. The findings show that in the 1990s journalists were still much more concerned about the political factors which could affect their work than about the economic ones. A decade later they had become much more aware of the economic pressures on their profession, such as owners’ expectations and market-driven journalism. In the last few years, however, the constant pressure of ongoing government reforms aimed at bringing the press under tighter political control, as well as the emphasis on ‘national’ content, has already led to some degree of self-censorship on the part of journalists.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilge Yesil
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Media System ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Cultural Tensions

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, namely to provide a systematic analysis of Turkey's media system, its reconfiguration under domestic and international dynamics, the political and cultural tensions it harbors, and the trajectories it shares with other media systems around the world. The book highlights the push-pull forces of a centralized state authority and its democratization demands, the interpenetration of state and capital, and the overlapping of patronage structures with market imperatives. The remainder of the chapter discusses Turkey's media industry, its political system, and its authoritarian neoliberal order. These are followed by descriptions of the scope of the present study, the theoretical framework and methods, and an overview of the subsequent chapters.

scholarly journals From Popular to Partisan Public Sphere: The Political Change of the Coffee Shops in Kepulauan Riau

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Tri Samnuzulsari ◽  
Edison Edison ◽  
Wayu Eko Yudiatmaja
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Coffee Shop ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Coffee Shops ◽  
Local Leaders

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the political transformation of the coffee shops in Kepulauan Riau before local leaders election. It is drived by the empirical facts that many coffee shops have transformed to be supporter of one of the candidates of local head government. By using grounded theory and thematic analysis, this study answers the critical questions of why the coffee shops change and what the factors affecting the transformation. A series of interview were conducted on a dozen of informants, consisted of political parties, campaign and success teams of the candidates, Local General Elections Commission (KPUD), Local Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), the owners and the visitors of the coffee shop. Evidence of this study points out that the transformation of the coffee shops is the consequences of both political system and political structure in Indonesia. The empirical findings of this study are not only worthwile to the study of public sphere in the context of Indonesian local political setting but also to the practicioners in designing the truthful and fair local general election.  

Political Stability Challenges in the EEU countries: Political Factors Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arusyak Aleksanyan ◽  
Ashot Aleksanyan
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Member States ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The Stability

This book analyses procedures for ensuring Eurasian Economic Union political stability and promoting Eurasian integration. The political factors of stability and new integration agenda of the EEU member states have been comparatively analyzed by the application of the methodology of the Stability Index of Political System with careful consideration of continually improving the context of legal obligations and harmonizing interstate relations. The book covers a comprehensive study of a number of factors determining the political stability of the EEU member states within 2000-2019. In-country and Crosscountry analyses have been conducted within the framework of methodology of the Stability Index of Political System. This book is intended to be used by scholars, experts and students at universities and research centers.

The Social Roles of Polish Sociologists after 1945

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-765
Author(s):  
Joanna Bielecka-Prus
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Socialist Country ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In this article I discuss the social roles of Polish sociologists in the period between 1945 and 1989. Sociologists in Poland are assumed to have constituted a heterogeneous group representing various attitudes towards the political system. Over time, they defined their intellectual role in public discourse differently. This picture remains incomplete without consideration of some crucial aspects: whether there were ways in which sociologists neutralized their participation in building the regime; and the techniques used for evasion and “legal criticism” of the system. The analysis is based on my comments of well-known sociologists published in the press and in books. Issues discussed include the function of sociology, the role of sociologists in a socialist country, and the position of sociology among other sciences and political doctrines.

China's ChangingGuanxiCapitalism: Private Entrepreneurs between Leninist Control and Relentless Accumulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Political System ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
Institutional Space

Guanxiandguanxicapitalism are much-debated terms in the context of China's evolving political economy. This article explores the changing nature of China'sguanxicapitalism. It analyzes first various aspects ofguanxicapitalism, a unique conceptual blend infused with seemingly incongruous cultural and historical meanings drawn from both Chinese and Western roots. It then introduces three case studies of private firms, illustrating empirically how Chinese entrepreneurs' relationship with the political system is evolving. The article ends by assessing the ways in which political factors,guanxipractices and capitalist accumulation are interacting and changing. I hold thatguanxicapitalism is playing a crucial role in realigning the interests of state and capital in China. It yields idiosyncratic benefits to certain Chinese private firms, while also bridging the logics of freewheeling capital accumulation and authoritarian control in a state-dominated economy. In this view,guanxicapitalism encompasses both contradictory and complementary institutional logics. Since the persistence of Leninist control generates “deliberate ambiguity” in how China's private sector is governed, the penetration ofguanxinetworks into government-business relations creates institutional space that enables both Leninist control and relentless capital accumulation to proceed, in turn lending China's emergent capitalism a unique quality.

scholarly journals Transparency Policies in European Public Broadcasters: Sustainability, Digitalisation and Fact-Checking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rivera Otero ◽  
Nieves Lagares Díez ◽  
María Pereira López ◽  
Paulo Carlos López-López
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Political System ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
The Political ◽  
Media System ◽  
European Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Essential Service ◽  
The Ideal

Over the last few years, European public broadcasters have promoted the concept of public service media as one of their main values. To this end, transparency policies have been implemented as a mechanism of corporate projection by strengthening their role as an essential service. The objective of this article is to ascertain the existence of this type of policies among European public broadcasters. To this end, a nominal group was made with 24 experts who were surveyed, thus generating new indicators of transparency and accountability strategies around sustainability and digitalization. The contents of the websites of RTVE (Spain), RTP (Portugal), France TV (France), RAI (Italy), BBC (UK), RTÉ (Ireland), ZDF (Germany), VRT (Belgium), and SVT (Sweden) were also analyzed, paying attention to such indicators and strategies. The main results include the identification of differences on the basis of the ideal models described by Hallin and Mancini; a commitment to credibility (fact-checking) to the detriment of diversity of opinions; and a connection between the political system and the media system, which, preliminarily, determines the level of transparency of these public entities.

Measuring Social and Political Requirements for System Stability in Latin America

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest A. Duff ◽  
John F. McCamant
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Stability

This article considers the social and political factors that influence the stability/instability of the political system and attempts to measure some of these factors in the political systems of Latin America.

Does context matter? A cross-country investigation of the effects of the media context on external and internal political efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-286
Author(s):  
Marton Bene
Keyword(s):  
Political Efficacy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Political ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Media

As a motivational factor of action, political efficacy is an important predictor of political behavior. The term was invented to capture the extent to which people feel that they can effectively participate in politics and shape political processes. Today, we have a comprehensive knowledge of the individual-level factors (socio-demographic variables, political preferences, etc.) that shape the level of internal and external dimensions of political efficacy. However, while it is widely demonstrated that media consumption influences the level of political efficacy, the country-level media context factors affecting it have rarely been studied. This article reports the findings of extensive research on how two crucial features of the media context, the political significance of the media and the level of political parallelism in the media system, shape the level of external and internal political efficacy. The investigation draws upon the data set of the seventh round (2014–2015) of the European Social Survey (ESS) and includes more than 22,000 respondents from 19 European democracies. The research hypothesizes that in countries where the media play a more important role, people have lower levels of external and higher levels of internal political efficacy. Political parallelism, which shows the extent to which media outlets are driven by distinct political orientations and interests within a particular media system, is expected to directly increase both external and internal political efficacy. Its indirect effect is also hypothesized, arguing that partisan media amplifies the winner–loser gap in political efficacy as a kind of “echo chamber.” The findings show that in countries where the media play a major role in shaping political discourse, people have lower levels of external political efficacy, while the political parallelism of the media system indirectly affects the external dimensions of political efficacy. Internal political efficacy is, however, not related to these context-level factors.

scholarly journals Police Department and Press Censorship in the First Pahlavi Era

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Mehdi Asadi ◽  
Foad Pour Arian ◽  
Hussein Abadian ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Raz Nahan
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Political System ◽  
Police Department ◽  
The Political ◽  
Police Chiefs ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Government

<p>The press as the most important mass media and as a tool for directing public opinion in the First Pahlavi Era faced many ups and downs. Alteration in the political system, the tendency toward dictatorship government and the implementation of pseudo-modernist programs affect the existence of press. In this period, the press had to write in congruence and in sync with the government programs, otherwise they were no longer survival. The synchronization of press with the government programs and the censorship of public opinion, against the government were entrusted to the Police Department. The press censorship, contrary to common view, was not done in a systematic and specified framework and structure and, depending on the King’s view, the civilian statesmen, staffs and police chiefs were different. The present article tries to analyze the way of implementation of censorship policy and the extent of penetration and interference of police department in this case through using descriptive and analytical method.</p>

Teaching Australian Politics: Thirty Years of Civics and Citizenship Education in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zareh Ghazarian ◽  
Jacqueline Laughland-Booÿ
Keyword(s):  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Political System ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
The Political ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Politics And Government ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Pedagogical Changes

A citizen’s understanding about their nation’s system of politics and government is crucial for how they engage with and participate in the political system. This chapter discusses the political, institutional, and pedagogical changes to teaching young people about Australian politics over the last thirty years, examining how successive Australian national governments have sought to enhance students’ political knowledge and how the constitutional limitations of the federal system have impacted their approaches. It also explores how political factors have impacted government actions on civics and citizenship education as well as the pedagogical debates which have shaped the curriculum. The chapter concludes by assessing the efficacy of these reforms and what steps can be taken to strengthen teaching and learning approaches in the future.

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