scholarly journals Infant sensorimotor synchronisation to speech and non-speech rhythms: A longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinead Rocha ◽  
Adam Attaheri ◽  
Áine Ní Choisdealbha ◽  
Perrine Brusini ◽  
Sheila A. Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Temporal Complexity ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Sensorimotor Synchronisation

Impaired sensorimotor synchronisation (SMS) to acoustic rhythm may be Impaired sensorimotor synchronisation (SMS) to acoustic rhythm may be a marker of atypical language development. Here, Motion Capture was used to assess gross motor rhythmic movement at six timepoints between five- and 11-months-of-age. Infants were recorded drumming to acoustic stimuli of varying linguistic and temporal complexity: drumbeats, repeated syllables and nursery rhymes. Longitudinal analyses revealed that whilst infants could not yet reliably synchronise their movement to auditory rhythms, they showed improvement in tempo matching with age. Their ability to decelerate from their spontaneous motor tempo, to better accord with the in-coming tempo, also improved with age. Further, infants became more regular drummers with age, with marked decreases in the variability of spontaneous motor tempo and variability in response to drumbeats. This latter effect was subdued in response to linguistic stimuli. The current work lays the foundation for using individual differences in SMS in infancy to predict later language outcomes.

scholarly journals Sources of variability in language development of children with cochlear implants: age at implantation, parental language, and early features of children's language construction

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELA SZAGUN ◽  
SATYAM A. SCHRAMM
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Early Features

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relative influence of age at implantation, parental expansions, and child language internal factors on grammatical progress in children with cochlear implants (CI). Data analyses used two longitudinal corpora of spontaneous speech samples, one with twenty-two and one with twenty-six children, implanted between 0;6 and 3;10. Analyses were performed on the combined and separate samples. Regression analyses indicate that early child MLU is the strongest predictor of child MLU two and two-and-a-half years later, followed by parental expansions and age at implantation. Associations between earliest MLU gains and MLU two years later point to stability of individual differences. Early type and token frequencies of determiners predict MLU two years later more strongly than early frequency of lexical words. We conclude that features of CI children's very early language have considerable predictive value for later language outcomes.

Interlanguage Development

AILA Review ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Grammatical Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Interlanguage Development

The study of language development in second language acquisition naturally leads to information about linguistic processes of second language acquisition, but it also sheds light on learners’ individual differences. This article examines the acquisition of the future in L2 English and explores how learners in a longitudinal study respond to input, instruction, and the general task of learning a second language through the lens of their grammatical development.

The Colorado Journey Towards Optimal Outcomes for Children With Hearing Loss

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Yoshinaga-Itano
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Bonding ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss

Abstract It is possible for children who are deaf or hard of hearing to attain language development comparable to their hearing peers, but these outcomes are not guaranteed. The population of children with hearing loss is a diverse population and although the variable of the age of identification is less variable, there are numerous variables that could potentially and have historically impacted language outcomes of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Variables such as hearing loss, maternal level of education, and maternal bonding can overcome the benefits of earlier identification and intervention.

scholarly journals Does Mother Know Best? Maternal Knowledge Calibration Predicts Children’s Oral Language Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Pinkham ◽  
Tanya Kaefer ◽  
Susan B. Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Calibration

For young children, maternal testimony is an important source of knowledge. Research suggests that children privilege assertions expressed with certainty; however, adults frequently overestimate their knowledge, which may lead them to express certainty about incorrect information. This study addressed three questions. (1) To what extent do mothers convey domain knowledge when talking to their kindergartners? (2) Do mothers successfully calibrate their knowledge during these conversations? (3) Does mothers’ knowledge calibration predict their children’s language outcomes? Forty-nine mother-child dyads read a picture book about a familiar domain. Mothers’ assertions of domain knowledge were coded for accuracy and expressed certainty. Results revealed that mothers tended to overestimate their knowledge. Knowledge calibration accuracy positively predicted child outcomes. Successful calibration was associated with stronger vocabulary knowledge and listening comprehension, whereas poor knowledge calibration was associated with weaker child outcomes. Knowledge calibration may be a crucial factor in the successful transmission of knowledge during mother-child conversations and impact children’s language development.

Infant Effortful Control Mediates Relations Between Nondirective Parenting and Internalising-Related Child Behaviours in an Autism-Enriched Infant Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Smith ◽  
E. J. H. Jones ◽  
S. V. Wass ◽  
G. Pasco ◽  
M. H. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Internalising Problems

AbstractInternalising problems are common within Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); early intervention to support those with emerging signs may be warranted. One promising signal lies in how individual differences in temperament are shaped by parenting. Our longitudinal study of infants with and without an older sibling with ASD investigated how parenting associates with infant behavioural inhibition (8–14 months) and later effortful control (24 months) in relation to 3-year internalising symptoms. Mediation analyses suggest nondirective parenting (8 months) was related to fewer internalising problems through an increase in effortful control. Parenting did not moderate the stable predictive relation of behavioural inhibition on later internalising. We discuss the potential for parenting to strengthen protective factors against internalising in infants from an ASD-enriched cohort.

Individual differences in visual attention and self-regulation: A multimethod longitudinal study from infancy to toddlerhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne B. Geeraerts ◽  
Roy S. Hessels ◽  
Stefan Van der Stigchel ◽  
Jorg Huijding ◽  
Joyce J. Endendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Self Regulation

Friendships in Early Childhood, and Social Understanding

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Maguire ◽  
Judy Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Social Understanding ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Close Friendships

This study had two goals. The first was to provide descriptive data on the nature of individual differences in young children’s close friendships, and the second, to examine the relations between these individual differences and children’s earlier understanding of others’ emotions and mental states, and their later appreciation of ambivalent or mixed emotions. A total of 41 children participating in a longitudinal study from 33 months to 6-7 years were studied with their close friends as 6-year-olds, with a combination of observations and standard sociocognitive assessments. The results showed that different aspects of friendship interactions, such as co-ordination of play and amity, were neither closely related nor linked to power assertion. Early differences in the assessment of social understanding were associated with later differences in pretend play with the friend, and friendship interactions at 6 years were linked to later appreciation of mixed emotions. The two-way process of influence linking individual development and friendship quality is discussed.

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