It's not what it looks like!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Owens ◽  
Shannon Louise Rafferty ◽  
Helen Knight
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Primary Relationship ◽  
Extra Pair Mating ◽  
Conscious Control

The notion of extra pair mating interests is seen as controversial in Western societies where monogamy is the dominant mating system. Attending to attractive others is often seen as an indicator of, or antecedent to engaging in infidelity. However, we argue that attending to attractive others is an adaptive and automatic process because it informs and maintains plasticity in mating strategies. Previous research has examined later attentional processes in relation to potential mates, but not early attentional capture which is beyond conscious control. Participants indicated whether they were predominantly attracted to male or female faces, then completed two flicker tasks, each consisting of faces of the gender the participants indicated they were most attracted to; one consisted of a grid of attractive faces and the other consisted of unattractive faces. Time taken to detect changes to the attractive or unattractive faces was measured as an indication of attentional bias towards potential mates. Sociosexual desires and self reported romantic interests outside of the primary relationship predicted a quicker response time to attractive faces relative to unattractive faces. Relationship status, sex of the participant, sociosexual attitudes, sociosexual behaviours, and self reported sexual interests outside of the primary relationship did not predict response time on the flicker tasks. The results suggest early attentional processes are biased towards potential mates in a given environment which calibrates and maintains plasticity in mating strategies, however this does not necessarily indicate an inclination towards infidelity.

Extra-Pair Mating System of a Synchronously Breeding Tropical Songbird

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget J. M. Stutchbury ◽  
Eugene S. Morton ◽  
Walter H. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

scholarly journals Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio blumei: Acuan dalam Konservasi

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
SULFIANTO ALIAS ◽  
RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
K Value

<p class="5abstrak"><em>Papilio</em><em> blumei</em> is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of <em>P. blumei</em> in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of <em>P. blumei</em>. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were <em>Sarcosephalum latifolius</em> and <em>Eugenia sp</em>. There was <em>Scudderia sp</em>. as an interspesific competitor for larval <em>P. blumei</em>. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of <em>P. blumei</em>. Female <em>P. blumei</em> laid eggs on abaxial leaf <em>E.hupehensis</em> and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of  <em>P. blumei</em> has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of <em>P.blumei </em>is <em>Trichogramma</em> sp., with k value = 0.381, <em>Pteromalus </em>sp., with k value = 0.125 and <em>Formica </em>sp., with k value = 0.096.</p>

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Number of Emergency Room Patient Visits with Triage Accuracy and Emergency Nurse Response Time in the Covid 19 Pandemic Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Ali Humardani ◽  
Yuly Peristiowati ◽  
Agusta D. Ellina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bleeding Control ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spine Control

Handling emergency cases must not only be carried out quickly but also must be precise. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) is one of the instruments to measure the quality of service. the number of patient visits that can affect the quality of service. Triage is a way of sorting patients based on therapy needs and available resources. Therapy is based on ABC conditions (Airway, with cervical spine control, Breathing, and Circulation with bleeding control). On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic greatly affects the response time, impacting the number of patient visits. Response time is the time between the beginning of a request being responded to in other words it can be called response time. A good response time for patients is 5 minutes. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the number of patient visits and the accuracy of triage implementation and response time. The electronic database used is PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar with a search strategy using the PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) method.

Item-specific overlap between hallucinatory experiences and cognition in the general population: A three-step multivariate analysis of international multi-site data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Mahesh Chinchani ◽  
Mahesh Menon ◽  
Meighen Roes ◽  
Heungsun Hwang ◽  
Paul Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Hearing Voices ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Test ◽  
Using Data

Cognitive mechanisms hypothesized to underlie hallucinatory experiences (HEs) include dysfunctional source monitoring, heightened signal detection, or impaired attentional processes. HEs can be very pronounced in psychosis, but similar experiences also occur in nonclinical populations. Using data from an international multisite study on nonclinical subjects (N = 419), we described the overlap between two sets of variables - one measuring cognition and the other HEs - at the level of individual items, allowing extraction of item-specific signal which might considered off-limits when summary scores are analyzed. This involved using a statistical hypothesis test at the multivariate level, and variance constraints, dimension reduction, and split-half reliability checks at the level of individual items. The results showed that (1) modality-general HEs involving sensory distortions (hearing voices/sounds, troubled by voices, everyday things look abnormal, sensations of presence/movement) were associated with more liberal auditory signal detection, and (2) HEs involving experiences of sensory overload and vivid images/imagery (viz., HEs for faces and intense daydreams) were associated with other-ear distraction and reduced laterality in dichotic listening. Based on these results, it is concluded that the overlap between HEs and cognition variables can be conceptualized as modality-general and bi-dimensional: one involving distortions, and the other involving overload or intensity.

The Inferior Temporal Lobe Mediates Distracter-Resistant Visual Search of Patients with Spatial Neglect

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Ptak ◽  
Nathalie Valenza
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Mixed Condition ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Core Deficit

Although impaired visual search is a core deficit of patients with spatial neglect, current evidence is not conclusive about the mechanisms underlying this failure. We present evidence from 14 neglect patients searching for a target defined by two perceptual features that visual search is mediated by mechanisms of attentional competition. Participants were tested in three search conditions with constant target and distracter positions: Distracters did not share any feature with the target; distracters shared one feature with the target; two distracters shared one feature and one distracter shared the other feature with the target (mixed condition). Whereas search performance of healthy participants was comparable across conditions, neglect patients had a significant contralesional slowing in the mixed condition compared with the other two conditions. A detailed lesion analysis revealed that involvement of the parietal lobe did not predict the degree of distractibility in visual search. In contrast, neglect patients with high distractibility had more frequent damage to the inferior temporal lobe, suggesting a preliminary role of this region for competitive attentional processes involved in visual search of spatial neglect patients.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence that extra-pair mating drives asymmetrical introgression of a sexual trait

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1771) ◽  
pp. 20132175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Baldassarre ◽  
Michael S. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Plumage Colour ◽  
Sensory Bias ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Malurus Melanocephalus ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Correlational Data ◽  
Extra Pair Mating ◽  
Manipulation Experiment

Theory suggests that traits under positive selection may introgress asymmetrically across a hybrid zone, potentially driven by sexual selection. Two subspecies of the red-backed fairy-wren ( Malurus melanocephalus ) differ primarily in a sexual signal used in mate choice—red versus orange male back plumage colour—but phylogeographic analyses suggest asymmetrical introgression of red plumage into the genetic background of the orange subspecies. We hypothesized that this asymmetrical introgression may be facilitated by sexual selection if red males have a mating advantage over orange males. We tested this hypothesis with correlational data and a plumage manipulation experiment where we reddened the back plumage of a subset of orange males to mimic males of the red subspecies. There was no correlational evidence of a mating advantage to naturally redder males in this population. Experimentally reddened males sired a similar amount of within-pair young and lost paternity at the same rate as orange males, but they sired significantly more extra-pair young, leading to substantially higher total reproductive success. Thus, we conclude that sexual selection via extra-pair mating is a likely mechanism responsible for the asymmetrical introgression of plumage colour in this system, and is potentially driven by a sensory bias for the red plumage signal.

Female house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) increase the size, but not immunocompetence, of their offspring through extra-pair mating

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 3697-3706 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA M.  FORSMAN ◽  
LAURA A.  VOGEL ◽  
SCOTT K.  SAKALUK ◽  
BONNIE G.  JOHNSON ◽  
BRIAN S.  MASTERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Troglodytes Aedon ◽  
House Wrens ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

scholarly journals Oestradiol level and opportunistic mating in women

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M Durante ◽  
Norman P Li
Keyword(s):  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Oestradiol Level ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Primary Relationship ◽  
Perceived Desirability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Reports

The ovarian steroid hormone oestradiol plays a crucial role in female fertility, sexual motivation and behaviour. We investigated the relationship between oestradiol and the likelihood that women would engage in opportunistic mating. Two salivary samples were taken from normally cycling women within the peri-ovulatory and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. At both testing sessions, participants also completed self-perceived desirability scales and provided subjective reports of sexual and social motivations, and satisfaction with their primary relationship partner. Oestradiol level was positively associated with a woman's self- and other-perceived physical attractiveness and with inclinations to mate outside her current relationship. Oestradiol was marginally negatively associated with a woman's satisfaction with her primary partner and relationship commitment. Results provide support for the relationship between physical beauty and fertility and suggest that physiological mechanisms play a major role in guiding a woman's mating strategies.

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