scholarly journals The Costs of HARKing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Philosophical Standpoint ◽  
Public Availability

Kerr ([1998]) coined the term ‘HARKing’ to refer to the practice of ‘hypothesizing after the results are known’. This questionable research practice has received increased attention in recent years because it is thought to have contributed to low replication rates in science. The present article discusses the concept of HARKing from a philosophical standpoint and then undertakes a critical review of Kerr’s ([1998]) twelve potential costs of HARKing. It is argued that these potential costs are either misconceived, misattributed to HARKing, lacking evidence, or that they do not take into account pre- and post-publication peer review and public availability to research materials and data. It is concluded that it is premature to assume that HARKing has led to low replication rates.

scholarly journals The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons. A Contribution to the Neurosciences and Neurosurgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
Gilvan Aguiar da Silva ◽  
Elton Gomes da Silva ◽  
Seidel Guerra López
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lay Public

AbstractIn the present article, we elaborate a critical review of the book “The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons: The History of the Human Brain as Revealed by True Stories of Trauma, Madness, and Recovery”, written by Sam Kean. In our opinion, this book can contribute to the dissemination of neurosciences to the lay public, but it can also have an important role: to increase the interest of medicine students in neurosciences and research, since an increasingly lower number of students declare they have this interest. Thus, this book can be an important tool to deal with a pertinent and current issue under debate in the neuroscience research and neurosurgery communities.

scholarly journals A critical review of the world catalogs of Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera) by Yang et al. (2006, 2007)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1846 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR ◽  
SCOTT E. BROOKS ◽  
JEFFREY M. CUMMING
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Record Time ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World

Many in the worldwide Diptera taxonomic community were surprised to see the recent publication of the “World Catalog of Dolichopodidae (Insecta: Diptera)” by Yang, Zhu, Wang & Zhang (2006) and the “World Catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera)” by Yang, Zhang, Yao & Zhang (2007). The rapid completion of both catalogs that together report to cover all of the world’s empidoid diversity, the apparent lack of peer review, and the higher classification schemes adopted in these works, appear to have created considerable scepticism and discussion on the extent of their usefulness by empidoid workers. As O’Hara (2008) recently stated “modern technological advances make it possible for just about anyone to compile names from the Zoological Record, to scan catalogues, and to gather information from secondary sources to produce an unimpressive world catalogue in record time”. In order to accurately assess the value of these two catalogs, especially for current and future users, we provide a critical review that touches on all aspects of these contributions. It is not our intention to give a page by page critique, but instead to provide a summary of the types of errors and omissions (illustrated with examples) we have encountered and to point out the limitations of these catalogs while also indicating which parts are useful in a general sense.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Asian Qualitative Research Association Special Issue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safary Wa-Mbaleka
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Special Issue

Founded in 2015, the Asian Qualitative Research Association (AQRA) has become a leader in fostering qualitative research practice and education in the Philippines and beyond. Stating in 2016, AQRA has sponsored an annual conference featuring original qualitative research and scholarship. Past conference presenters were invited to submit their papers to The Qualitative Report (TQR) for peer review. As a result of this rigorous process, TQR is delighted to present this special issue in conjunction with AQRA.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Concept of Lasika in Ayurved w.s.r. to Interstitial Fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saylee Deshmukh ◽  
Sachin Chandaliya ◽  
Baghel M S
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Ayurveda is a science which was in dynamic continuum of development like all sciences. However due to various geopolitical and social reasons after 5th Century true development of Ayurveda science has stagnated hence few terms and concepts remain unexplained. Therefore a lot of concepts in Ayurved are there which need more understanding from modern physiological point of view. The concept of Lasika is one of them. It is a physiological entity, said to be the seat of Pitta, Mala of Rasa Dhatu and play major role in the pathological conditions like Kushtha, Visarpa, Vrana, Dagdha and most importantly in Prameha. The present article aims at exploration of concept of Lasika in Ayurved and its comparison with interstitial fluid on the basis of its modern physiological resemblance. This also be required to be discussed whether Lasika is Dhatu, Upadhatu or Mala.

scholarly journals Use of Gold Nanoparticles in Diagnostics, Surgery and Medicine: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM Giasuddin ◽  
KA Jhuma ◽  
AM Mujibul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Low Toxicity

Noble metals and their compounds have a long and distinguished history as therapeutic agents in medicine. Recent years have seen tremendous progress in the design and study of nanomaterials geared towards biological and biomedical applications. Particularly gold nanoparticles have attracted intensive interest, because they are easily prepared, have low toxicity and can be readily attached to molecules of biological interest. The gold nanoparticles have become more precious than pretty gold because of their wide use and applications. The present article gave a critical review of the wide applications and uses of gold nanoparticles in diagnostics, surgery and medicine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v5i2.13346 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2012; 5(2): 56-60

scholarly journals Peer Review Bias: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Haffar ◽  
Fateh Bazerbachi ◽  
M. Hassan Murad
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Critical Review

What's New in Legal Cooperation in Criminal Matters with Russia since 2004?

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-125
Author(s):  
Merja Norros
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Criminal Matters

AbstractThe present article examines what has happened in Russia in the field of legal cooperation in criminal matters since 2004. The retrospective approach has been chosen in order to update the article published in this Review in 2004 which included several recommendations for Russia to improve its system for international cooperation. The current work subjects these recommendations and developments in the area to a critical review. Since 2004, there have been no major innovations in Russian legislation regarding legal cooperation in criminal matters. Interestingly enough, Russia took a misstep, when it abolished the concept of confiscation in criminal law. The resolution of this experiment indicates that there has been some degree of improvement in the procedure concerning implementation of new treaties. As regards extradition cases, several difficulties were foreseen already in 2004 and, indeed, some of them have been realized—in particular, concerning those Russian requests for extradition that have political connotations. When it comes to institutional structures, the number of "Central Authorities" has not been reduced. The system is still highly centralized in Moscow. On the basis of the author's experience, the knowledge of international treaties and their application—to some extent—has increased among Russian practitioners. The author suggests continuing cooperation with Russia in various international fora as well as on a daily basis in handling concrete cross-border cases. In her opinion, legal assistance in criminal matters is a fairly narrow field of expertise and, therefore, a challenging "form of art" for any person involved.

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