scholarly journals Don't slap the fish: The relationship between dietary Omega-3 intake and physical aggression is mediated by motor inhibition in response to distressed faces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Fido ◽  
Nadja Heym ◽  
Claire Bloxsom ◽  
Kirsty Hunter ◽  
Michael Gregson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
The Relationship

The innate violence inhibition mechanism (VIM) purportedly regulates maladaptive aggressive behavior through motor inhibition, in response to expressions of distress, and is implicated in psychopathy-related aggression. Deficiency in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; an omega-3 fatty acid) is implicated in aggression and callous-unemotional (CU) traits, however, its relationship to the VIM remains unknown. Two studies tested relationships between EPA intake, personality (aggression, CU traits), and electrophysiological indices of the VIM. In study one (N=98), participants completed omega-3 intake (FFQ), CU traits (ICU), and aggression (BPAQ) measures. Physical aggression correlated positively with callousness and negatively with EPA intake. CU traits were unrelated to EPA. In study two (N=47), participants completed the same measures and an electroencephalography assessment of VIM. Stop-P300 amplitude (motor inhibition success) in response to facial expressions of distress mediated the relationship between EPA intake and physical aggression. This is the first demonstration of an association between EPA intake and electroencephalographic indices of the VIM. Findings support a role of EPA in regulating aggression through networks involved in distress-cued executive control over behaviour; and provide supporting data to direct future trial designs for nutritional supplementation in non-clinical, clinical and forensic arenas.

scholarly journals Violence inhibition mechanism functioning mediates the relationship between dietary eicosapentaenoic acid intake and physical aggression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Fido
Keyword(s):  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

Deficiency in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is implicated in aggression and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. A violence inhibition mechanism (VIM) has been proposed to regulate aggression through responding to expressions of distress. However, it remains unclear whether EPA intake is related to the VIM, and if so, whether this pathway can mediate relationships between EPA intake and deviant personality traits. The current investigation documents two, independently-sampled studies that tested relationships between EPA intake, personality (aggression, CU traits), and electrophysiological indices of the VIM (motor extinction cued by facial expressions of distress). In study one, 98 participants completed a food-frequency questionnaire, the inventory of callous-unemotional traits, and an aggression questionnaire. EPA intake was negatively correlated with physical aggression, even after controlling for age and sex. In study two, 47 participants completed the same measures in addition to having electroencephalography recorded during a novel paradigm assessing the distinct processing stages of the VIM. Stop-P300 (motor extinction) responses to facial expressions of distress mediated the relationship between EPA intake and physical aggression. For the first time, we have evidenced an association between EPA intake and indices of distress-induced motor extinction proficiency. Findings are in line with a proposed role of EPA in regulating aggression, possibly through associations with networks involved in distress-cued executive control over behaviour. Results are discussed in terms of the potential benefit of nutritional supplementation in clinical and forensic arenas. Data and a pre-print of this manuscript are available here: https://osf.io/u3jdc/?view_only=b7f32cd1798344b5a6dffa2892253392

Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Moderated Mediation Model of Callous—Unemotional Traits and Perceived Social Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096010
Author(s):  
Jie Fang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Gao ◽  
Jiping Yang ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
The Relationship

Although childhood maltreatment has been shown to play an important role in adolescent cyberbullying perpetration, little is known about mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study investigated the mediating role of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in the association between childhood maltreatment and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration, as well as the moderating role of perceived social support. A total of 2,407 Chinese adolescents (aged 11–16 years, Mage = 12.75 years, SD = 0.58) completed the measures of childhood maltreatment, CU traits, cyberbullying perpetration, and perceived social support. The results showed that CU traits partially mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent cyberbullying perpetration. Furthermore, perceived social support moderated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and CU traits, as well as CU traits and cyberbullying perpetration. Specifically, childhood maltreatment had a greater impact on CU traits for adolescents with higher levels of perceived social support and the predictive function of CU traits on cyberbullying perpetration was stronger for adolescents with low levels of perceived social support.

Callous-unemotional traits and the attentional bias towards emotional stimuli: Testing the moderating role of emotional and behavioural problems among high-risk adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Edina Szabó ◽  
József Halász ◽  
Antony Morgan ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
Gyöngyi Kökönyei
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Antisocial Youth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Former studies demonstrated that antisocial youth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits are impaired in the processing of negative emotional stimuli. The aim of the current study was to explore the moderating role of different behavioural (i.e. conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention) and emotional problems (i.e. internalizing symptoms) in the relationship between CU traits and attentional bias towards emotional stimuli. Besides using self-report measures, attentional bias was tested by an affective dot-probe task in a high-risk sample of 102 adolescent boys ( M age = 16.34 years; SD = 1.32). CU traits were related to reduced attention to emotionally distressing pictures. Furthermore, conduct problems significantly moderated the relationship between CU traits and attention to distress cues. These findings highlight the importance of considering potential moderators to the well-established link between CU traits and deficits in response to negative emotional cues.

scholarly journals Don't slap the fish: The relationship between dietary omega-3 intake and physical aggression is mediated by motor inhibition in response to distressed faces

2021 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 110062
Author(s):  
Dean Fido ◽  
Nadja Heym ◽  
Claire A.J. Bloxsom ◽  
Kirsty A. Hunter ◽  
Michael Gregson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract 168: Impact of Continuing Medical Education on the Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia with Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Larkin ◽  
Michael LaCouture ◽  
George Boutsalis ◽  
Harold Bays
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Introduction: The less prominent role of triglycerides in determining cardiovascular risk keeps these lipids from being top-of-mind for practicing clinicians, yet epidemiologic data affirm that hypertriglyceridemia contributes to atherosclerotic disease development and progression. We sought to determine if online continuing medical education (CME) could improve the clinical knowledge and competence of primary care physicians (PCPs) and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia and the use of omega-3 fatty acids in its treatment. Methods: The effects of two educational interventions about advances in hypertriglyceridemia treatment (activity 1) and educating patients about omega-3 fatty acid products (activity 2) were analyzed to determine efficacy of online education presented in the form of online video-based roundtable discussions. The activities launched online in May and June, 2015 respectively, and data were collected through July, 2015. The effects of education were assessed using knowledge- and case-based matched pre-assessment/post-assessments. The effect sizes were calculated with Cohen’s d (> 0.8 is large, 0.8-0.4 is medium, and < 0.4 is small). Results: In total, 842 PCPs and 75 cardiologists who completed all pre/post assessment questions in any of the two activities during the study period were included in analyses. Significant overall improvements were seen for PCPs (activity 1: n = 452, P <.05, effect d= 0.68; activity 2: n = 390, P <.05, effect d= 0.96) and cardiologists (activity 1: n = 35, P <.05, effect d= 0.77; activity 2: n = 40, P <.05, effect d= 0.9). Compared with baseline, specific areas of improvements include: • 22% more PCPs and 31% more cardiologists identified weight loss as a nonpharmacological intervention that can effectively lower triglyceride levels for overweight/obese patients with hypertriglyceridemia, (both P < .05) • 35% more PCPs and 32% more cardiologists identified the appropriate dosing of prescription omega-3 fatty acids (both P <.05) • 23% more PCPs ( P < .05) and 20% more cardiologists ( P =.068 ) recognized that reducing the risk for pancreatitis is a primary medical objective in patients with severe elevations in triglyceride levels Areas identified as needing additional education include: • 57% of all physicians remain unaware that omega-3 fatty acids reduce apolipoprotein C3 • 61% of PCPs and 60% of cardiologists did not demonstrate a thorough understanding of the differences between prescription omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 supplements Conclusion: This study demonstrates the success of a targeted educational intervention with two educational components on improving knowledge, competence, and clinical decision-making of PCPs and cardiologists regarding hypertriglyceridemia treatment and the role of omega-3 fatty acid products in its treatment.

Can A Nutritional Factor Modulate The Hdl Functionality: Role Of Omega-3 Fatty Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. e226
Author(s):  
N.R.T. Damasceno ◽  
F.D.C. Cartolano ◽  
G.D. Dias ◽  
A.O.C. Ventura ◽  
A.P.D.Q. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Hdl Functionality ◽  
Nutritional Factor

Cadmium and nickel co‐exposure exacerbates genotoxicity and not oxido‐inflammatory stress in liver and kidney of rats: Protective role of omega‐3 fatty acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon E. Owumi ◽  
Yusuff O. Olayiwola ◽  
Gbenga E. Alao ◽  
Michael A. Gbadegesin ◽  
Oyeronke A. Odunola
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Treatment for Depression in the Perinatal Period

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Rees ◽  
Marie-Paule Austin ◽  
Gordon Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Link ◽  
Unpublished Research

Objectives: To consider the possible rationale and utility of omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment for depression in the perinatal period. Method: A review of published and unpublished research was undertaken, using electronic databases, conferences proceedings and expert informants. Results: Relevant bodies of evidence include an epidemiological link between low fish intake and depression. Laboratory studies show correlations between low omega-3 fatty acid levels and depression, as well as reduced levels of omega-3 in non-depressed women during the perinatal period. Treatment studies using omega-3 in patients with mood disorders further support an omega-3 contribution, as do neuroscientific theories. Research into omega-3 and infant development also highlights potential effects of depletion in the perinatal period and supports infant safety and benefits of supplementation. Conclusions: There is a relative lack of knowledge about the safety of standard antidepressants in the perinatal period. There is a clear need for more research into alternative treatments, such as omega-3 fatty acids, in the management of depression in the perinatal period.

Role of β-catenin signaling in the anti-invasive effect of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA in human melanoma cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Serini ◽  
Antonio Zinzi ◽  
Renata Ottes Vasconcelos ◽  
Elena Fasano ◽  
Maria Greca Riillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Melanoma Cells
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