scholarly journals Psychological Aposematism: An Evolutionary Analysis of Suicide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Christopher Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Suicide Threats ◽  
Physical Traits

The evolutionary advantage of psychological phenomena can be gleaned by comparing them with physical traits that have proven adaptive in other organisms. The present article provides a novel evolutionary explanation of suicide in humans by comparing it with aposematism in insects. Aposematic insects are brightly colored, making them conspicuous to predators. However, such insects are equipped with toxins that cause a noxious reaction when eaten. Thus, the death of a few insects conditions predators to avoid other insects of similar coloration. Analogously, human suicides may increase the credibility of future suicide threats and attempts from others, conveying an evolutionary advantage to the phenotypic expression of suicidal behavior in low-fitness contexts.

scholarly journals Psychological Aposematism: An Evolutionary Analysis of Suicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-238
Author(s):  
James C. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Suicide Threats ◽  
Physical Traits

AbstractThe evolutionary advantage of psychological phenomena can be gleaned by comparing them with physical traits that have proven adaptive in other organisms. The present article provides a novel evolutionary explanation of suicide in humans by comparing it with aposematism in insects. Aposematic insects are brightly colored, making them conspicuous to predators. However, such insects are equipped with toxins that cause a noxious reaction when eaten. Thus, the death of a few insects conditions predators to avoid other insects of similar coloration. Analogously, human suicides may increase the credibility of future suicide threats and attempts from others, conveying an evolutionary advantage to the phenotypic expression of suicidal behavior in low-fitness contexts.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Predisposition for Suicide

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-43
Author(s):  
Oleg N Tikhodeyev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Comt Gene ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
General Association

From multiple twin studies, it is known that predisposition for suicide significantly depends on the genotype, approximately for 30-50 %. Many laboratories search for the genes controlling this trait. In the present article, the obtained data are briefly reviewed. Suicidal behavior strongly associates with at least two polymorphisms: with short promoter of the SLC6a4 gene and 158Met haplotype of the CoMT gene. Moreover, the data observed lead to proposition that some manifestations of suicidal behavior are quite autonomous and therefore should be analyzed as separate traits. among them are completed suicide and its various simulations (non-lethal attempts), violent and non-violent forms of suicidal behaviour, as well as single and multiple attempts. otherwise, when suicidal behavior is analyzed in general, association approach is usually vain.

Identifying knots in proteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Millett ◽  
Eric J. Rawdon ◽  
Andrzej Stasiak ◽  
Joanna I. Sułkowska
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Knotted Proteins ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Closure Method ◽  
Key Questions

Polypeptide chains form open knots in many proteins. How these knotted proteins fold and finding the evolutionary advantage provided by these knots are among some of the key questions currently being studied in the protein folding field. The detection and identification of protein knots are substantial challenges. Different methods and many variations of them have been employed, but they can give different results for the same protein. In the present article, we review the various knot identification algorithms and compare their relative strengths when applied to the study of knots in proteins. We show that the statistical approach based on the uniform closure method is advantageous in comparison with other methods used to characterize protein knots.

scholarly journals Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa pada Klien Skizofrenia dengan Risiko Bunuh Diri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Itsnaini Wahyu Puspita ◽  
Erna Erawati
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Suicide Threats ◽  
The Right

Kesehatan mental merupakan sektor penting dalam mewujudkan kesehatan manusia secara menyeluruh. Berbagai solusi dapat dilakukan seseorang ketika muncul stressor, salah satunya bunuh diri. Beberapa orang menganggap bunuh diri adalah solusi yang tepat untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Bunuh diri   merupakan   tindakan   yang   secara   sadar   dilakukan   oleh   seseorang   untuk mengakhiri  kehidupannnya. Salah satu seseorang yang mempunyai resiko untuk melakukan bunuh diri adalah pasien skizofrenia.  Perilaku  bunuh  diri  terdiri  dari  tiga  tingkatan  yaitu ide/isyarat  bunuh  diri,  ancaman  bunuh  diri,  dan  percobaan  bunuh  diri. Tujuan penelitian menggambarkan pengelolaan asuhan keperawatan skizofrenia dengan fokus studi risiko bunuh diri. Penelitian ini termasuk field research (penelitian lapangan) dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, langkah-langkah yang dilakukan peneliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan reduksi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian asuhan keperawatan pada klien skizofrenia dengan risiko bunuh diri menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan adanya intervensi dari perawat sesuai dengan respon verbal dan non verbal klien. Kata kunci: asuhan keperawatan, klien skizofrenia, risiko bunuh diri NURSING CARE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA CLIENTS WITH RISK OF  SELF-RISK ABSTRACTMental health is an important sector in realizing overall human health. Various solutions can be done when someone appears stressor, one of them suicide. Some people consider suicide to be the right solution to solve a problem. Suicide is an act that is consciously carried out by someone to end his life. One person at risk for suicide is a schizophrenic patient. Suicidal behavior consists of three levels, namely suicide ideation / cues, suicide threats, and attempted suicide. The aim of the study is to describe the management of schizophrenia nursing care with a focus on suicide risk studies. This research includes field research using a descriptive qualitative approach, the steps taken by researchers in this study are interviews, observation, documentation, and data reduction. The results of this study indicate that the provision of nursing care to schizophrenic clients with suicide risk shows a significant result of the intervention of the nurse in accordance with the client's verbal and non verbal responses. Keywords: nursing care, schizophrenia clients, suicide risk

scholarly journals Mechanistic Science: A New Approach to Comprehensive Psychopathology Research That Relates Psychological and Biological Phenomena

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel G. Thomas ◽  
Paul B. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Mechanistic Approach

Efforts to understand the causes of psychopathology have remained stifled in part because current practices do not clearly describe how psychological constructs differ from biological phenomena and how to integrate them in unified explanations. The present article extends recent work in philosophy of science by proposing a framework called mechanistic science as a promising way forward. This approach maintains that integrating psychological and biological phenomena involves demonstrating how psychological functions are implemented in biological structures. Successful early attempts to advance mechanistic explanations of psychological phenomena are reviewed, and lessons are derived to show how the framework can be applied to a range of clinical psychological phenomena, including gene by environment findings, computational models of reward processing in schizophrenia, and self-related processes in personality pathology. Pursuing a mechanistic approach can ultimately facilitate more productive and successful collaborations across a range of disciplines.

Computational Models of Anxiety: Nascent Efforts and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Sharp ◽  
Eran Eldar
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Mind

Computational approaches to understanding the algorithms of the mind are just beginning to pervade the field of clinical psychology. In the present article, we seek to explain in simple terms why this approach is indispensable to pursuing explanations of psychological phenomena broadly, and we review nascent efforts to use this lens to understand anxiety. We conclude with future directions that will be required to advance algorithmic accounts of anxiety. Ultimately, the surplus explanatory value of computational models of anxiety, above and beyond existing neurobiological models of anxiety, impugns the naively reductionist claim that neurobiological models are sufficient to explain anxiety.

Folk psychology meets folk Darwinism

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Jay Hegdé ◽  
Norman A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Folk Psychology ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Biological Phenomenon ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage

The fact that beliefs in the supernatural are useful to people who hold them does not necessarily mean that these beliefs confer an evolutionary advantage to those who hold them. An evolutionary explanation for any biological phenomenon must meet rigorous criteria, but the facts in this case, even when taken at their face value, fall well short of these criteria.

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli: From Genome Sequences to Consequence

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pallen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Research Scientists ◽  
The University

The present article summarizes a presentation given by Professor Mark Pallen of the School of Medicine at the University of Birmingham (Birmingham, United Kingdom) for the Fourth Stanier Lecture held in Regina, Saskatchewan, on November 9, 2004. Professor Pallen's lecture, entitled 'Escherichia coli: From genome sequences to consequences', provides a summary of the important discoveries of his team of research scientists in the area of genetic sequencing and variations in phenotypic expression.

Parental Marital Style and Completed Adolescent Suicide

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalman J. Kaplan ◽  
Marshall Maldaver
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Suicide

The present article is aimed at delineating the effects of specific types of parental marital structure on completed adolescent suicide. Parental types showing incongruency between individuation and attachment are more highly associated with adolescent suicidal behavior than are those showing congruency between these two life factors. These results emerge both in a literature review of some eighty-five studies and in an independently conducted study on completed adolescent suicide.

scholarly journals PSICOLOGIA NAS URGÊNCIAS: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NO ATENDIMENTO JUNTO AO CORPO DE BOMBEIROS MILITAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-429
Author(s):  
Gisele Regina Da Cunha ◽  
Michelle Marques Souza Peixer ◽  
Maria Isabel do Nascimento-André
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Experience Report ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Psychological Phenomena

O presente trabalho é um relato de experiência de um estágio em psicologia, desenvolvido em um batalhão do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar. Tal estágio ocorreu no período de um ano entre o segundo semestre de 2014 e primeiro semestre de 2015, tendo como principais objetivos o acompanhamento aos profissionais nos atendimentos de urgência e emergência através da ambulância; orientação aos profissionais quanto a aspectos da atuação do psicólogo e fenômenos psicológicos; escuta qualificada aos profissionais; atendimento psicológico a vítimas e familiares. Neste período observamos o quão ampla pode ser a atuação da psicologia no campo das urgências, visto que sua contribuição abarca desde a sensibilização no atendimento às vítimas, quanto na orientação e intervenções diretas com os profissionais. Ao final do estágio percebemos a melhor compreensão dos profissionais quanto a atuação da psicologia, bem como, o aumento na humanização no atendimento às vítimas, trazendo benefícios tanto aos profissionais/instituição, vítimas, quanto às estagiárias.Palavras-chave: Corpo de Bombeiros. Psicologia nas Urgências. Humanização. ABSTRACT: The present article is an experience report of an internship in Psychology, developed in a Military Fire Department Battalion. This internship lasted for a year, between the second semester of 2014 and the first semester of 2015, having as main goals to accompany the professionals in the urgency and emergency care through the ambulance; orientation to the professionals about aspects of the Psychologist intervention and Psychological phenomena; qualified listening of the professionals; Psychological care to victims and their families. During this period, we observed how broad Psychological intervention can be in the field of urgencies, since its contribution embraces from sensibilization in the care for victims, to orientation and direct interventions with the professionals. At the end of the internship, we noticed a better comprehension of the professionals concerning the Psychology intervention, as well, the increase in the humanization in the victims’ care, bringing benefits both for the professionals/institution, victims, and for the interns.Keywords: Fire Department. Psychology in Urgencies. Humanization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document