Exploring the paradoxes of addressing sustainability in commercial research: A study of scientist views

<p>Research scientists increasingly engage in commercial research as well as face the need to address sustainability by taking into account the social, environmental and economic consequences of development activities. This role often entails addressing contradictory imperatives. Though paradox has pervasive effects on science work and managing for sustainability, it remains underexplored in these contexts. This research is positioned at the novel intersection of three bodies of work: sustainability in the context of science work, commercial research, and paradox in management and organisation. It engages a sensemaking perspective to examine the experiences of research scientists with managing sustainability in commercial research and explicates the tensions they perceive, as well as the ways in which they respond to them. The study is primarily based on a set of 44 semi-structured interviews conducted with research scientists across four Crown Research Institutes in New Zealand. It offers two sets of findings. First, it identifies three main paradoxes research scientists perceive and elucidates their dynamics. These include the paradoxes of service ethos, role identity, and professional integrity. Second, it explicates perceived responses to these paradoxes, both constraining and productive. The former comprise the practices of opposing, isolating, over-committing, and suppressing. The latter, productive responses, consist of a range of management tactics premised on differentiation or integration. Differentiation tactics include diversification in scope of services, variation in work organisation and responsibilities, and incrementalism. Integration tactics used with external parties comprise identifying financial synergies between public and commercial projects, (re)framing problems and solutions for clients, (re)positioning across roles and identities, as well as harnessing economies of scope by co-authoring with clients. This research contributes to the literature on research management by casting the emphasis on perceived paradoxes to be navigated when addressing sustainability in commercial research. It also offers a secondary contribution to the literature on paradox in management by contextualising organisational paradoxes and their management in science work. Specifically, it provides new insight into the ways by which scientists’ engagement with sustainability cuts across ethos and shapes their views on professional integrity. It also contributes to a nuanced understanding of role identity by focusing on the tensions research scientists at Crown Research Institutes experience in the dual role of advocates of change towards sustainability and allies of business. Altogether, this work extends existing organisational research by offering insights into scientists’ experience of paradox and its management when engaging with sustainability in commercial research.</p>

Exploring the paradoxes of addressing sustainability in commercial research: A study of scientist views

<p>Research scientists increasingly engage in commercial research as well as face the need to address sustainability by taking into account the social, environmental and economic consequences of development activities. This role often entails addressing contradictory imperatives. Though paradox has pervasive effects on science work and managing for sustainability, it remains underexplored in these contexts. This research is positioned at the novel intersection of three bodies of work: sustainability in the context of science work, commercial research, and paradox in management and organisation. It engages a sensemaking perspective to examine the experiences of research scientists with managing sustainability in commercial research and explicates the tensions they perceive, as well as the ways in which they respond to them. The study is primarily based on a set of 44 semi-structured interviews conducted with research scientists across four Crown Research Institutes in New Zealand. It offers two sets of findings. First, it identifies three main paradoxes research scientists perceive and elucidates their dynamics. These include the paradoxes of service ethos, role identity, and professional integrity. Second, it explicates perceived responses to these paradoxes, both constraining and productive. The former comprise the practices of opposing, isolating, over-committing, and suppressing. The latter, productive responses, consist of a range of management tactics premised on differentiation or integration. Differentiation tactics include diversification in scope of services, variation in work organisation and responsibilities, and incrementalism. Integration tactics used with external parties comprise identifying financial synergies between public and commercial projects, (re)framing problems and solutions for clients, (re)positioning across roles and identities, as well as harnessing economies of scope by co-authoring with clients. This research contributes to the literature on research management by casting the emphasis on perceived paradoxes to be navigated when addressing sustainability in commercial research. It also offers a secondary contribution to the literature on paradox in management by contextualising organisational paradoxes and their management in science work. Specifically, it provides new insight into the ways by which scientists’ engagement with sustainability cuts across ethos and shapes their views on professional integrity. It also contributes to a nuanced understanding of role identity by focusing on the tensions research scientists at Crown Research Institutes experience in the dual role of advocates of change towards sustainability and allies of business. Altogether, this work extends existing organisational research by offering insights into scientists’ experience of paradox and its management when engaging with sustainability in commercial research.</p>

The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 1

A new field titled “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI)” is invented in this work. In this article, we define this new ICAI field. Four new ICAI algorithms are designed in this work. This paper titled “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 1” is just the starting point of this new field. We request Research Scientists across the globe to work in this new direction of Artificial Intelligence and publish their work with titles such as “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 1.1”, “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Version 2” or “The Interesting and Complete Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) – Final Version”.

DISEMINASI INFORMASI LOCAL CONTENT MELALUI PELAYANAN BATUAN KARST DI DPK GUNUNG KIDUL

DPK Gunungkidul offers local content services in the form of Karst Rocks. Information about the topography of karst rocks needs to be preserved because it represents the Gunung Kidul Region. This study aims to determine how the Karst Rock services and how the information dissemination carried out by the Gunung Kidul DPK to the community. This research method uses a qualitative approach and descriptive methods. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation analysis. The results showed that the Karst Rocks in the Gunung Kidul DPK were served closed and placed on special racks. The provision of Karst rocks is compiled from research studies in collaboration with external parties. DPK Gunung Kidul provides information to the public about Karst Rocks through information dissemination activities. The process of disseminating information begins with collecting information from the results of research (scientists/researchers) and channeled through the media directly or indirectly so that it can be accepted by users. This activity is carried out to improve the scientific repertoire for the community and form of preservation of karst rock information.

Harmfulness of giant Heracleum hogweed and methods of their control

Goal. Analysis and generalization of domestic and foreign experience on the invasion and harmfulness of giant hogweeds, including Sosnowski’s heracleum Sosnowskyi Mandenova to disseminate scientifically sound information on practical methods of control and prevention of further spread of giant hogweed, promoting biological conservation. Methods. System-analytical, abstract-logical, empirical. Results. According to research, scientists have predicted that the penetration of alien species into new territories is constant. However, more and more these processes are intensified under the influence of human activity. A clear example of this is the situation with giant hogweed. Imported into Western Europe in the XIX century as an ornamental plant Borage Mantegazzi today poses a real threat to the ecosystems of almost all countries of the European continent. The seeds of the London population of Persian borage were sown in 1836 by English gardeners in northern Norway, from where it quickly spread throughout the Scandinavian countries. In the former USSR in the postwar years, Sosnowski’s hogweed was actively studied and implemented, which has now become widespread in the natural ecosystems of the CIS countries and Ukraine in particular. Conclusions. According to research, scientists have predicted that giant hogweed poses a great danger and threatens the natural ecosystems of our country and the West, control of Mantegazzi hogweed will be much more difficult and costly than with Sosnowski hogweed. For this reason, it is essential to take preventive measures to locate and remove plants of very dangerous invasive species and other species with a polycarpic cycle of development, as well as to prevent their widespread spread.

The Synergistic but Troubled Relationship Between Psychotherapy Science and Practice: Moving Forward

How to foster the integration of science (especially empirical research) and practice has been a vexing problem since the beginnings of counseling psychology and other applied fields. We propose that the basis for this problem is the very different, even contradictory, demands of empirical research and practice, and the resulting ways of being research scientists and practitioners. Focusing on psychotherapy, we posit seven such demands/pulls and ways of being and seven tactics for strengthening integration. Clinically relevant research on the therapeutic relationship and therapist skills/interventions conducted at the Maryland Psychotherapy Clinic and Research Lab is summarized. We emphasize that for science and practice to be mutually facilitative, the field will need to pay close and ongoing attention to ways of strengthening integration.

Mythological Xullyukuns in Beliefs of Yakuts (Sakha) (Expedition Materials)

Information about the mysterious supernatural water creature “xullyukun” is summarized in the article. It is emphasized that it takes its place in the pantheon of deities among the Yakuts (Sakha) — one of the indigenous peoples in the North-East of the Russian Federation. It is noted that Russian and foreign travelers, political exiles, and research scientists wrote about the traditions, life and religion of the Yakuts (Sakha) at different times. The descriptions of the beliefs of the Yakuts (Sakha) are given, in which there are references to the water creatures “xullyukuns”. The author has reviewed the literature where the “xullyukuns” are mentioned. The version proposed by scientists is analyzed, that “xullyukun” is a blending of the ancient spirit-master of water and an evil demon, which became possible due to the fact that this image correlated with the idea of the migration of aquatic animals from water to land and back. The author of the article is critical of such judgments. The data collected by the author of the article during numerous expeditions to the north-east of Yakutia, where the old image of the creature of the pre-Christian period has been preserved, is presented. On the basis of research, the author comes to the conclusion that the image of “xullyukun” is incomparable with the devil. It has been proved that “xullyukun”, according to ancient beliefs, is a creature — the arbiter of human destinies, and the new image is associated with Christmas divination, where the influence of Christianity is seen. The author of the article shares the original sources. Information collected in the field during conversations with informants is introduced into scientific circulation.

Stars and Brokers: Knowledge Spillovers Among Medical Scientists

This paper estimates the heterogeneity in peer effects among research scientists in terms of network position. I propose a new measure, brokerage degree, that determines the extent to which a scientist depends on a coauthor to provide him unique access to other scientists further away. I apply this measure to the coauthorship network of medical scientists. I show that network position is crucial for productivity by facilitating access to nonredundant knowledge. Identification results from variation in brokerage degree among coauthors linked to a star scientist who dies. A one standard deviation increase in the brokerage degree of a deceased star is associated with a 10% decrease in annual publications of his coauthor. By applying brokerage degree to topics, I provide evidence that access to knowledge flows embodied in scientists further away can account for a large proportion of the identified heterogeneity effect. This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.