scholarly journals Segregated brain state during hypnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarno Tuominen ◽  
Sakari Kallio ◽  
Valtteri Kaasinen ◽  
Henry Railo
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Hypnotic Induction ◽  
Brain States ◽  
The Brain

Can the brain be shifted into a different state using a simple social cue, as tests on highly hypnotisable subjects would suggest? Demonstrating an altered brain state is difficult. Brain activation varies greatly during wakefulness and can be voluntarily influenced. We measured the complexity of electrophysiological response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in one “hypnotic virtuoso”. Such a measure produces a response outside the subject’s voluntary control and has been proven adequate for discriminating conscious from unconscious brain states. We show that a single-word hypnotic induction robustly shifted global neural connectivity into a state where activity remained sustained but failed to ignite strong, coherent activity in frontoparietal cortices. Changes in perturbational complexity indicate a similar move toward a more segregated state. We interpret these findings to suggest a shift in the underlying state of the brain, likely moderating subsequent hypnotic responding. [preprint updated 20/02/2020]

scholarly journals Segregated brain state during hypnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarno Tuominen ◽  
Sakari Kallio ◽  
Valtteri Kaasinen ◽  
Henry Railo
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Hypnotic Induction ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Can the brain be shifted into a different state using a simple social cue, as tests on highly hypnotizable subjects would suggest? Demonstrating an altered global brain state is difficult. Brain activation varies greatly during wakefulness and can be voluntarily influenced. We measured the complexity of electrophysiological response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in one ‘hypnotic virtuoso’. Such a measure produces a response arguably outside the subject’s voluntary control and has been proven adequate for discriminating conscious from unconscious brain states. We show that a single-word hypnotic induction robustly shifted global neural connectivity into a state where activity remained sustained but failed to ignite strong, coherent activity in frontoparietal cortices. Changes in perturbational complexity indicate a similar move towards a more segregated state. We interpret these findings to suggest a shift in the underlying state of the brain, likely moderating subsequent hypnotic responding.

Dynamics of Epileptiform Discharges Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Genetic Generalized Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1750037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Kugiumtzis ◽  
Christos Koutlis ◽  
Alkiviadis Tsimpiris ◽  
Vasilios K. Kimiskidis
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
The Brain

Objective: In patients with Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can induce epileptiform discharges (EDs) of varying duration. We hypothesized that (a) the ED duration is determined by the dynamic states of critical network nodes (brain areas) at the early post-TMS period, and (b) brain connectivity changes before, during and after the ED, as well as within the ED. Methods: EEG recordings from two GGE patients were analyzed. For hypothesis (a), the characteristics of the brain dynamics at the early ED stage are measured with univariate and multivariate EEG measures and the dependence of the ED duration on these measures is evaluated. For hypothesis (b), effective connectivity measures are combined with network indices so as to quantify the brain network characteristics and identify changes in brain connectivity. Results: A number of measures combined with specific channels computed on the first EEG segment post-TMS correlate with the ED duration. In addition, brain connectivity is altered from pre-ED to ED and post-ED and statistically significant changes were also detected across stages within the ED. Conclusion: ED duration is not purely stochastic, but depends on the dynamics of the post-TMS brain state. The brain network dynamics is significantly altered in the course of EDs.

Stereotactic Brain Biopsy in Eloquent Areas Assisted by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: a Technical Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. E124-E129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Bartek ◽  
Gerald Cooray ◽  
Mominul Islam ◽  
Margret Jensdottir
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stereotactic Brain Biopsy ◽  
Eloquent Areas ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Stereotactic brain biopsy (SB) is an important part of the neurosurgical armamentarium, with the possibility of achieving histopathological diagnosis in otherwise inaccessible lesions of the brain. Nevertheless, the procedure is not without the risk of morbidity, which is especially true for lesions in eloquent parts of the brain, where even a minor adverse event can result in significant deficits. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is widely used to chart lesions in eloquent areas, successfully guiding maximal safe resection, while its potential role in aiding with the planning of a stereotactic biopsy is so far unexplored. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Magnetic resonance imaging of a 67-yr-old woman presenting with dysphasia revealed a noncontrast enhancing left-sided lesion in the frontal and parietal pars opercularis. Due to the location of the lesion, nTMS was used to chart both primary motor and language cortex, utilizing this information to plan a safe SB trajectory and sampling area according to the initial work-up recommendations from the multidisciplinary neuro-oncology board. The SB was uneventful, with histology revealing a ganglioglioma, WHO I. The patient was discharged the following day, having declined to proceed with tumor resection (awake surgery) due to the non-negligible risk of morbidity. Upon 1- and 3-mo follow-up, she showed no signs of any procedure-related deficits. CONCLUSION nTMS can be implemented to aid with the planning of a stereotactic biopsy procedure in eloquent areas of the brain, and should be considered part of the neurosurgical armamentarium.

Direct Causal Networks for the Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Focal Epileptiform Discharges

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Kugiumtzis ◽  
Vasilios K. Kimiskidis
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
The Brain

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can have inhibitory effects on epileptiform discharges (EDs) of patients with focal seizures. However, the brain connectivity before, during and after EDs, with or without the administration of TMS, has not been extensively explored. Objective: To investigate the brain network of effective connectivity during ED with and without TMS in patients with focal seizures. Methods: For the effective connectivity a direct causality measure is applied termed partial mutual information from mixed embedding (PMIME). TMS-EEG data from two patients with focal seizures were analyzed. Each EEG record contained a number of EDs in the majority of which TMS was administered over the epileptic focus. As a control condition, sham stimulation over the epileptogenic zone or real TMS at a distance from the epileptic focus was also performed. The change in brain connectivity structure was investigated from the causal networks formed at each sliding window. Conclusion: The PMIME could detect distinct changes in the network structure before, within, and after ED. The administration of real TMS over the epileptic focus, in contrast to sham stimulation, terminated the ED prematurely in a node-specific manner and regained the network structure as if it would have terminated spontaneously.

Neurostimulation therapies

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Daniel W. O’Connor ◽  
Christos Plakiotis ◽  
Peter Farnbach
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Electrical Impulses ◽  
The Brain

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) all entail the delivery of electrical impulses to the brain with the aim of relieving mental disorders. ECT is an effective treatment of depression, mania and catatonia and, to a lesser extent, of schizophrenia. Its side effects, principally cognitive impairment, are mitigated through the use of individually tailored, unilateral delivery. TMS is more convenient but of lesser effectiveness. DBS, while reversible and thus safer than lesional surgery, is a major undertaking that is reserved at present for profoundly disabling depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette’s syndrome.

scholarly journals Tinnitus and Brain Activation: Insights from Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Marcondes ◽  
Felipe Fregni ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activation
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