Why Hubel and Wiesel never go out of style

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Maria Maniatis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Empirical Validity ◽  
V1 Neurons

The simple, speculative account of the functional properties of V1 neurons proffered more than half a century ago by Hubel and Wiesel has not proven empirically fruitful. Yet, despite its age, theoretical problems and empirical impotence, this work continues to be uncritically cited as a basic premise of (chronically non-replicable) V1 research, due to the prioritization of simple math over empirical validity.

A Pro-Ecological System for Using Industrial Oils and Cutting Fluids

2015 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Rogoś
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Maximum Extension ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Dispersed System ◽  
Harmful Effects

The increase in pollution and contamination of the environment in recent years has resulted in the increase of interest in its protection. The basic premise of environmental policy, which is reflected in a number of legal acts, is carrying out activities aimed at minimizing the amount of produced waste [1-3]. In particular, this applies to waste that have harmful effects on the environment, and it includes the vast majority of industrial oils and technological, petroleum-based fluids (over 85%) [4]. One of the fundamental directions related to their use, in accordance with the standards of protection of the environment, is reducing the consumption by extending their functional life [5]. The maximum extension of the functional life for oils and fluids is the goal of the systemic approach to the problem of rational use, which includes the process of the monitoring of key functional properties and systematic, periodical treatment. The most beneficial are on-site treatment processes of oils and fluids conducted while maintaining the continuity of the technological processes. It is preferable to use mobile treatment devices, which provide the means to create a dispersed system in fluid treatment in successive machines and equipment [6-8].

scholarly journals Orientation selectivity in the visual cortex of the nine-banded armadillo

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1395-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Scholl ◽  
Johnathan Rylee ◽  
Jeffrey J. Luci ◽  
Nicholas J. Priebe ◽  
Jeffrey Padberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degree Of Orientation

Orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) has been proposed to reflect a canonical computation performed by the neocortical circuitry. Although orientation selectivity has been reported in all mammals examined to date, the degree of selectivity and the functional organization of selectivity vary across mammalian clades. The differences in degree of orientation selectivity are large, from reports in marsupials that only a small subset of neurons are selective to studies in carnivores, in which it is rare to find a neuron lacking selectivity. Furthermore, the functional organization in cortex varies in that the primate and carnivore V1 is characterized by an organization in which nearby neurons share orientation preference while other mammals such as rodents and lagomorphs either lack or have only extremely weak clustering. To gain insight into the evolutionary emergence of orientation selectivity, we examined the nine-banded armadillo, a species within the early placental clade Xenarthra. Here we use a combination of neuroimaging, histological, and electrophysiological methods to identify the retinofugal pathways, locate V1, and for the first time examine the functional properties of V1 neurons in the armadillo ( Dasypus novemcinctus) V1. Individual neurons were strongly sensitive to the orientation and often the direction of drifting gratings. We uncovered a wide range of orientation preferences but found a bias for horizontal gratings. The presence of strong orientation selectivity in armadillos suggests that the circuitry responsible for this computation is common to all placental mammals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study shows that armadillo primary visual cortex (V1) neurons share the signature properties of V1 neurons of primates, carnivorans, and rodents. Furthermore, these neurons exhibit a degree of selectivity for stimulus orientation and motion direction similar to that found in primate V1. Our findings in armadillo visual cortex suggest that the functional properties of V1 neurons emerged early in the mammalian lineage, near the time of the divergence of marsupials.

Quaternary structure of Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
T. Wichertjes ◽  
E.J. Kwak ◽  
E.F.J. Van Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Temperature Jump ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intact Molecule

Hemocyanin of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) has been studied in nany ways. Recently the structure, dissociation and reassembly was studied using electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens as the method of investigation. Crystallization of the protein proved to be possible and X-ray crystallographic analysis was started. Also fluorescence properties of the hemocyanin after dialysis against Tris-glycine buffer + 0.01 M EDTA pH 8.9 (so called “stripped” hemocyanin) and its fractions II and V were studied, as well as functional properties of the fractions by NMR. Finally the temperature-jump method was used for assaying the oxygen binding of the dissociating molecule and of preparations of isolated subunits. Nevertheless very little is known about the structure of the intact molecule. Schutter et al. suggested that the molecule possibly consists of two halves, combined in a staggered way, the halves themselves consisting of four subunits arranged in a square.

Structural and functional properties of Escherichia coli-derived nucleoplasmin A comparative study of recombinant and natural proteins

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1748
Author(s):  
Aitor Hierro ◽  
Jesus M. Arizmendi ◽  
Javier De Las Rivas ◽  
M. Angeles Urbaneja ◽  
Adelina Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties

Functional Properties of Cloned Allergens from Dust Mite, Cockroach, and Cat

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 0162-0169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pomés ◽  
Alisa Smith ◽  
Christophe Grégoire ◽  
Lisa Vailes ◽  
L. Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Dust Mite

Using Scientific Knowledge to Inform Preschool Assessment: Making the Case for "Empirical Validity"

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek ◽  
Anita Kochanoff ◽  
Nora S Newcombe ◽  
Jill de Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Preschool Assessment ◽  
Empirical Validity

Influence of Salicylic Acid application on Oxidative and Molecular Responses and functional properties of Capsicum annuum L. cultivated in greenhouse conditions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Feregrino-Perez ◽  
Sandra Jimenez-Garcia ◽  
Moises Vazquez-Cruz ◽  
Laura Mejia-Teniente ◽  
Ramon Guevara-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Molecular Responses
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