scholarly journals Fake collaborations: Interdisciplinary science can undermine research integrity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy S Hessels ◽  
Alan Kingstone
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaborations

Funding agencies and academic institutions are increasing their emphasis on interdisciplinary collaborations as an important scientific method for answering complex societal questions. We argue that participating in these initiatives can make one party to behaviors that risk the integrity of one's research. We suggest steps that researchers, institutions, and funding agencies can take to ameliorate this situation.

Editorial

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
João José Pinto Ferreira ◽  
Anne-Laure Mention ◽  
Marko Torkkeli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Successive Generations

The expansion of human knowledge in all areas is largely the outcome of the activity of academic institutions and the result of their mission to contribute to the cultural, intellectual and economic development of the society, involving education, research and university extension activities. For many years, the academic community has been organizing itself in all different ways to respond to current and future needs, ensuring research integrity and recognition, and building on successive generations of peers to validate and support the launching and development of novel research streams. We owe the current state of research and development of our society to generations of scholars and scientists that have brought all of us here.(...)

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special JeSLIB Issue on Data Curation in Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Hudson Vitale ◽  
Jake R. Carlson ◽  
Hannah Hadley ◽  
Lisa Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Research Integrity ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Curation ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Potential Impact

Research data curation is a set of scientific communication processes and activities that support the ethical reuse of research data and uphold research integrity. Data curators act as key collaborators with researchers to enrich the scholarly value and potential impact of their data through preparing it to be shared with others and preserved for the long term. This special issues focuses on practical data curation workflows and tools that have been developed and implemented within data repositories, scholarly societies, research projects, and academic institutions.

scholarly journals Establishing and Maintaining Research Integrity at Academic Institutions: Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. e87-e90
Author(s):  
Janet D. Robishaw ◽  
David L. DeMets ◽  
Sarah K. Wood ◽  
Phillip M. Boiselle ◽  
Charles H. Hennekens
Keyword(s):  
Research Integrity ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Teaching Responsible Conduct of Research and Engineering to Bioengineering Graduate Students

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Responsible Conduct Of Research ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Responsible Conduct ◽  
Online Tutorials ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Seminar Series ◽  
Office Of Research Integrity

Training in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) has become an increasing concern of federal funding agencies such as NIH and NSF. In 2000, the Office of Research Integrity published the policy of instruction in responsible conduct of research for NIH funded research. This policy mandates that all research staff participate in RCR instruction. In 2007, the COMPETES Act was signed by President Bush mandating RCR instruction of all NSF-funded undergraduate students, graduate students, and post-doctoral researchers. Such training can and does take many forms, from online tutorials and study guides to seminar series to semester long classes. Core instructional areas in such training include appropriate data management, mentor-trainee relationships, publication practices and authorship, peer review, human and animal subjects and conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Conceptual and Methodological Pitfalls in Experimental Studies: An Overview, and the Case of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Puzzo ◽  
Fiorenzo Conti
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Problems

The main goal of scientific research is to uncover new knowledge to understand reality. In the field of life sciences, the aim of translational research—to transfer results “from bench to bedside”—has to contend with the problem that the knowledge acquired at the “bench” is often not reproducible at the “bedside,” raising the question whether scientific discoveries truly mirror the real world. As a result, researchers constantly struggle to overcome the dichotomy between methodological problems and expectations, as funding agencies and industries demand expandable and quick results whereas patients, who are uninterested in the epistemological dispute, only ask for an effective cure. Despite the numerous attempts made to address reproducibility and reliability issues, some essential pitfalls of scientific investigations are often overlooked. Here, we discuss some limitations of the conventional scientific method and how researcher cognitive bias and conceptual errors have the potential to steer an experimental study away from the search for the vera causa of a phenomenon. As an example, we focus on Alzheimer’s disease research and on some problems that may have undermined most of the clinical trials conducted to investigate it.

Life After Research Misconduct

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle L. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Research Misconduct ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Federal Support ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Office Of Research Integrity ◽  
Corrective Actions

Research misconduct is a serious violation of a scientific community’s ethical standards. Scientists who commit research misconduct typically face corrective actions from employers and funding agencies, as well as significant professional stigma. Unfortunately, there is little systematic data about the post-misconduct career of these guilty parties. Through a review of Office of Research Integrity (ORI) case summaries, I identified a pool of 284 researchers who engaged in research misconduct and were subject to ORI corrective actions. To assess the prevalence of post-misconduct research activities for these scientists, I searched publicly available databases and online resources for evidence of post-misconduct research activities (such as publications and federal research support). The data demonstrate that researchers often receive second chances as researchers, with indicators of post-misconduct research activities identified for 134 (47.18%) of the offending researchers. In addition, those researchers have received more than US$123 million in federal support for their post-misconduct research efforts.

scholarly journals Factors enhancing the level of utilisation of research knowledge on ecosystems

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254752
Author(s):  
René Eschen ◽  
Purity Rima Mbaabu ◽  
Bruno Salomon Ramamonjisoa ◽  
Carmenza Robledo-Abad
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Survey Responses

The significant resource investment in research on ecosystems for development of the Global South does not necessarily result in high levels of research knowledge utilisation (RKU). Understanding the factors associated with various levels of RKU can inform funding agencies and researchers developing new projects. We applied a combination of a questionnaire survey and follow up interviews with members of research teams of multiple, broadly comparable projects to make an assessment of achieved RKU levels using a combination of quantitative statistical hypothesis testing and narrative description of survey responses. Research knowledge dissemination by members of the project team who work for non-academic institutions or champions, e.g. particularly motivated people that promote and facilitate implementation or adoption of the project results, and via television was associated with higher research knowledge utilization. By contrast, dissemination by members of the project team working for academic institutions and via peer-reviewed journals was associated with lower RKU. The achieved level of RKU was consistently lower than the targeted level of RKU across spatial scales. The discrepancy between the perceived level of RKU and the evidence provided by survey respondents indicates the need for better monitoring the utilisation of research knowledge in development pathways. Our results further suggest that three years project duration is too short to achieve high levels of RKU in socio-ecological systems. We recommend involvement of non-academic members of the project team in project design, leadership and dissemination for increasing RKU.

scholarly journals Open data repositories: Current risks and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Abigail Goben ◽  
Robert J. Sandusky
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Management Consulting ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Academic Researchers

As data sharing has become a more familiar obligation for academic researchers, there has been a correlating increase in the roles that librarians play supporting open data repositories and providing data management consulting and services. These repositories are sponsored by governments, funding agencies, academic institutions, professional societies, and scholarly publishers.

Archaeology resources in Libraries: are they accessible?

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Shaw Adelman ◽  
Eileen Markson
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Bryn Mawr ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Bryn Mawr College ◽  
University Museum ◽  
The University

The literature of archaeology reflects the development of archaeology as a discipline, from the curiosity of wealthy amateurs to serious enquiry utilising scientific method and techniques and drawing on other disciplines in its efforts to interpret objects as evidence of their times. Archaeology libraries thus contain rare (often large and fragile) early works, specialised and highly detailed studies, works not obviously related to archaeology, and texts in several languages; such libraries are most usually associated with academic institutions, of which the University of Pennsylvania Museum and Bryn Mawr College offer contrasting (though neighbouring) examples. Both libraries - the University Museum more so than Bryn Mawr College - serve a larger public beyond the institution’s own community, at least to a limited extent. Archaeology libraries can nourish the widespread and growing public interest in ancient civilisations in spite of the rarefied and valuable nature of their collections, by participating in library networks, and by encouraging the publication or reprinting of books for the non-specialist.

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