scholarly journals Self-reported face recognition abilities for own and other-race faces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Estudillo
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Eyewitness Accuracy ◽  
Race Effect

PurposeThe other-race effect shows that people are better recognizing faces from their own-race compared to other-race faces. This effect can have dramatic consequences in applied scenarios whereby face identification is paramount, such as eyewitness identification. This study investigates observers’ insights into their ability to recognize own- and other-race faces.Design/methodology/approachChinese ethnic observers performed objective measures of own- and other-race face recognition —the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese and the Cambridge Face Memory Test original—, the PI20 —a 20-items self-reported measured of general face recognition abilities—, and the ORE20 —a new developed 20-items self-reported measure of other-race face recognition—. FindingsRecognition of own-race faces was better compared to other-race faces. This effect was also evident at a phenomenological level, as observers reported to be worse recognizing other-race faces compared to own-race faces. Additionally, although a moderate correlation was found between own-race face recognition abilities and the PI20, individual differences in the recognition of other-race faces was only poorly associated with observers’ scores in the ORE20. ImplicationsThese results suggest that observers’ insights to recognize faces are more consistent and reliable for own-race faces. Practical implicationsSelf-reported measures of other-race recognition could produce misleading results. Thus, when evaluating eyewitness’ accuracy identifying other-race faces, objective measures should be employed.

scholarly journals Self-reported face recognition abilities for own and other-race faces

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro J. Estudillo
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Eyewitness Accuracy ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The other-race effect shows that people are better recognizing faces from their own-race compared to other-race faces. This effect can have dramatic consequences in applied scenarios whereby face identification is paramount, such as eyewitness identification. This paper aims to investigate whether observers have insights into their ability to recognize other-race faces. Design/methodology/approach Chinese ethnic observers performed objective measures of own- and other-race face recognition – the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese and the Cambridge Face Memory Test original; the PI20 – a 20-items self-reported measured of general face recognition abilities; and the ORE20 – a new developed 20-items self-reported measure of other-race face recognition. Findings Recognition of own-race faces was better compared to other-race faces. This effect was also evident at a phenomenological level, as observers reported to be worse recognizing other-race faces compared to own-race faces. Additionally, although a moderate correlation was found between own-race face recognition abilities and the PI20, individual differences in the recognition of other-race faces was only poorly associated with observers’ scores in the ORE20. Research limitations/implications These results suggest that observers’ insights to recognize faces are more consistent and reliable for own-race faces. Practical implications Self-reported measures of other-race recognition could produce misleading results. Thus, when evaluating eyewitness’ accuracy identifying other-race faces, objective measures should be used. Originality/value In contrast to own race recognition, people have very limited insights into their recognition abilities for other race faces.

scholarly journals Robust associations between the 20-item prosopagnosia index and the Cambridge Face Memory Test in the general population

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 160923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. H. Gray ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Richard Cook
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
General Population ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Formal Testing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Report Measure

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by lifelong face recognition deficits. Leading research groups diagnose the condition using complementary computer-based tasks and self-report measures. In an attempt to standardize the reporting of self-report evidence, we recently developed the 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20), a short questionnaire measure of prosopagnosic traits suitable for screening adult samples for DP. Strong correlations between scores on the PI20 and performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) appeared to confirm that individuals possess sufficient insight into their face recognition ability to complete a self-report measure of prosopagnosic traits. However, the extent to which people have insight into their face recognition abilities remains contentious. A lingering concern is that feedback from formal testing, received prior to administration of the PI20, may have augmented the self-insight of some respondents in the original validation study. To determine whether the significant correlation with the CFMT was an artefact of previously delivered feedback, we sought to replicate the validation study in individuals with no history of formal testing. We report highly significant correlations in two independent samples drawn from the general population, confirming: (i) that a significant relationship exists between PI20 scores and performance on the CFMT, and (ii) that this is not dependent on the inclusion of individuals who have previously received feedback. These findings support the view that people have sufficient insight into their face recognition abilities to complete a self-report measure of prosopagnosic traits.

scholarly journals Individual differences in emotion regulation and face recognition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243209
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Megreya ◽  
Robert D. Latzman
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Face recognition ability is highly variable among neurologically intact populations. Across three experiments, this study examined for the first time associations between individual differences in a range of adaptive versus maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and face recognition. Using an immediate face-memory paradigm, in which observers had to identify a self-paced learned unfamiliar face from a 10-face target-present/ target-absent line-up, Experiment 1 (N = 42) found high levels of expressive suppression (the ongoing efforts to inhibit emotion-expressive behaviors), but not cognitive reappraisal (the cognitive re-evaluation of emotional events to change their emotional consequences), were associated with a lower level of overall face-memory accuracy and higher rates of misidentifications and false positives. Experiment 2 (N = 53) replicated these finding using a range of face-matching tasks, where observers were asked to match pairs of same-race or different-race face images taken on the same day or during different times. Once again, high levels of expressive suppression were associated with a lower level of overall face-matching performance and higher rates of false positives, but cognitive reappraisal did not correlate with any face-matching measure. Finally, Experiment 3 (N = 52) revealed that the higher use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, especially catastrophizing, was associated with lower levels of overall face-matching performances and higher rates of false positives. All told, the current research provides new evidence concerning the important associations between emotion and cognition.

scholarly journals Are super-face-recognisers also super-voice-recognisers? Evidence from cross-modal identification tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Jenkins ◽  
Stella Tsermentseli ◽  
Claire P Monks ◽  
David J Robertson ◽  
Sarah V Stevenage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voice Recognition ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Modal Identification ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Voice Identification ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Voice Matching ◽  
Typical Range

Individual differences in face identification ability range from prosopagnosia to super-recognition. The current study examined whether face identification ability predicts voice identification ability (participants: N = 529). Superior-face-identifiers (exceptional at face memory and matching), superior-face-recognisers (exceptional at face memory only), superior-face-matchers (exceptional face matchers only), and controls completed the Bangor Voice Matching Test, Glasgow Voice Memory Test, and a Famous Voice Recognition Test. Meeting predictions, those possessing exceptional face memory and matching skills outperformed typical-range face groups at voice memory and voice matching respectively. Proportionally more super-face-identifiers also achieved our super-voice-recogniser criteria on two or more tests. Underlying cross-modality (voices vs. faces) and cross-task (memory vs. perception) mechanisms may therefore drive superior performances. Dissociations between Glasgow Voice Memory Test voice and bell recognition also suggest voice-specific effects to match those found with faces. These findings have applied implications for policing, particularly in cases when only suspect voice clips are available.

scholarly journals The Goldsmiths Unfamiliar Face Memory and Before They Were Adult Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Jansari ◽  
E. Green ◽  
Francesco Innocenti ◽  
Diego Nardi ◽  
Elena Belanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Holistic Processing ◽  
Face Identification ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
The Continuum

Unfamiliar face identification ability varies widely in the population. Those at the extreme top and bottom ends of the continuum have been labelled super-recognisers and prosopagnosics, respectively. Here we describe the development of two new tests - the Goldsmiths Unfamiliar Face Memory Test (GUFMT) and the Before They Were Adult Test (BTWA), that have been designed to measure different aspects of face identity ability across the spectrum. The GUFMT is a test of face memory, the BTWA a test of simultaneous adult-to-child face matching. Their designs draw on theories suggesting face identification is achieved by the recognition of facial features, the consistency across time of configurations between those features, and holistic processing of faces as a Gestalt. In four phases, participants (n = 16737), recruited using different methods, allowed evaluations to drive GUFMT development, the creation of likely population norms, as well as correlations with established face recognition tests. Recommendations for criteria for classification of super-recognition ability are also made.

No evidence of other-race effect for Chinese faces in Malaysian non-Chinese population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Estudillo
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Similar Experience ◽  
Malaysian Chinese

The other-race effect (ORE) reflects poor recognition of faces of a different race to one’s own. According to the expertise-individuation hypothesis, this phenomenon is a consequence of limited experience with other race faces. Thus, similar experience with own and other-race faces should abolish the ORE. The aim of the present study is to explore the ORE in a multi-racial country (i.e., Malaysia) by comparing Malaysian observers’ face recognition performance for faces of a predominant racial group in Malaysia (i.e., Chinese) with faces from a nearly absent group in Malaysia (i.e., Caucasian). Malaysian Chinese, Malays and Malaysian Indians performed both the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Cambridge face memory Test-Chinese (CFMT and CFMT-Chinese). Compared to the normative scores, Malaysian observers showed poor performance in the CFMT. Interestingly, Malays and Malaysian Indians observers´ performance was identical to that of Malaysian Chinese in the CFMT-Chinese and to the normative scores of the test. These results demonstrate the relevance of experience in shaping the ORE.

Associations between self-reported and actual face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Estudillo ◽  
Wong Hoo Keat
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Report Measure

The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

Face ethnicity and measurement reliability affect face recognition performance in developmental prosopagnosia: Evidence from the Cambridge Face Memory Test–Australian

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor McKone ◽  
Ashleigh Hall ◽  
Madeleine Pidcock ◽  
Romina Palermo ◽  
Ross B. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Measurement Reliability ◽  
Face Memory

scholarly journals Associations between self-reported and objective face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10629
Author(s):  
Alejandro J. Estudillo ◽  
Hoo Keat Wong
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Report Measure

The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

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