Trait Mindfulness Predicts Helping Behavior toward Racial Ingroup and Outgroup Members

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31234/osf.io/sbnm7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel R. Berry ◽

Catherine Wall ◽

Justin D. Tubbs ◽

Kirk Warren Brown

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Helping Behavior ◽

Trait Mindfulness ◽

Consent Forms ◽

Mindful Attention ◽

Attention Deployment

A study examined whether trait mindfulness would increase spontaneous helping behavior toward racial outgroup members (vs ingroup members). Self-identifying White participants scoring higher in basic trait mindfulness more frequently helped both racial outgroup and ingroup members in two randomly assigned lab-based helping simulations: (1) giving one’s seat to a person on crutches or (2) aiding an experimenter in picking up dropped consent forms. Men were 3.70 times as likely to help than women. Discussion focuses on the role of individual differences in mindful attention deployment in helping.

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BETWEEN HERE-AND-NOW AND HEREAFTER: MINDFULNESS SEBAGAI PENGAWAL ORIENTASI TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN DAN KETAKUTAN TERHADAP KEMATIAN

Jurnal Psikologi ◽

10.14710/jp.17.1.18-30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Cleoputri Yusainy ◽

Ilhamuddin Ilhamuddin ◽

Amir Hasan Ramli ◽

Bima Pusaka Semedi ◽

Calvin Octavianus Anggono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Online Survey ◽

Death And Dying ◽

Fear Of Death ◽

Trait Mindfulness ◽

Life Orientation ◽

Significant Variance ◽

The Future ◽

Existential Problem

Death as an existential problem has given birth to two large spectra: fear of death or accepting it as an inevitable truth. This study aimed to examine the extent to which an individual's fear of death could be predicted by anticipation of the future (life orientation) and tendency of being here-and-now (trait mindfulness). Self-reported questionnaires of life orientation in optimism-pessimism continuum, trait mindfulness, and fear of death were presented through cloud-based online survey (N = 218 students, 73.585% females, average age 20.840 years, SD = 1.777). Hierarchical regressions analyses revealed that (i) optimistic orientation predicted a higher level of fear of death, (ii) trait mindfulness accounted for significant variance in fear of death after accounting for life orientation, and (iii) trait mindfulness did not moderate the link between life orientation and fear of death. The role of trait mindfulness was consistent in predicting lower levels of fear of death and dying of self as well as death of others, but not of dying of others. Additionally, women reported a higher level of fear of death, independent of life orientation and trait mindfulness. These individual differences should be taken into consideration when designing strategies to manage fear of death.

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Deception in Negotiation: The Predicting Roles of Envy and Individual Differences

ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal ◽

10.24123/aipj.v33i4.1794 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Cleoputri Yusainy ◽

Ziadatul Hikmiah ◽

Cathy Sofhieanty ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Self Control ◽

Trait Mindfulness ◽

Online Experiment ◽

Ethical Practices ◽

Negotiation Strategies ◽

Malicious Envy ◽

Cooperative Process ◽

Benign Envy

Negotiations as a cooperative process naturally also contain competition, particularly towards negotiating partners who induce envy. Three components of envy i.e. (i) pain due to inferiority which either manifests in (ii) benign envy to improve the envier performance, or (iii) malicious envy that contains hostility and intention to hurt the envied, may motivate deceptive negotiation strategies. Regardless of the role of envy, individual differences in trait self-control and trait mindfulness may also predict deception. In this cloud-based online experiment, participants (N = 804 students) completed self-reported measures of trait self-control and mindfulness, read an envy scenario on their academics failure compared to the envied classmate, then randomly received the envy conditions (benign vs. malicious), filled in measure of state envy, read the negotiation scenario, and filled in measure of deception. We found that (i) at correlational level, deception was positively associated with all envy components but negatively associated with both individual differences, (ii) at prediction level, malicious and pain of envy predicted more deception, (iii) after taking into account the envy role, only trait self-control predicted lower level of deception. These findings may help improve ethical practices in negotiation context.

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Left Unheard: Detecting Mood and Aggression Through Ostracism and Trait Mindfulness

ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal ◽

10.24123/aipj.v34i2.2205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Cleoputri Yusainy ◽

Putri Intan Mila Karti ◽

Roynaldo Ramadhani Ikhsan ◽

Ziadatul Hikmiah

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Physical Aggression ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Trait Mindfulness ◽

Symbolic Form ◽

The Impact

Ostracism occurs in the real world but causal investigation of the effect of ostracism on antisocial behavior (i.e., aggression) is typically limited by ethical consideration. This lab-based study (N = 131 Indonesian undergraduates) replicated and extended Chester and DeWall’s (2016) work by: (1) measuring the impact of ostracism on direct physical aggression rather than symbolic form of aggression; (2) investigating the role of trait mindfulness as a potential emotion regulation mechanism to replace the mood-improving qualities in aggression; and (3) employing a non-Western sample. We found that after being involved in the CRTT, ostracized participants mood had recovered at least in terms of negative affect. Aggression might have been seen as justifiable once it was followed by an act of restoring control of to not damage the ostracizer’s reputation afterwards. Moreover, we found that trait mindfulness could buffer negative reactions to ostracism by reducing aggressiveness once the negative affect was higher. As a whole, this study may provide a useful framework on whether and when the mechanism of mood improvement as well as individual differences in mindfulness could be incorporated into the intervention strategies for preventing ostracism-related aggression before escalating to violence.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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Two Short Tests Fail to Detect Vigilance Decrements

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.17.1.48 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 48-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juan Botella ◽

María José Contreras ◽

Pei-Chun Shih ◽

Víctor Rubio

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

High Performance ◽

Selection Process ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Air Traffic Controllers ◽

Job Selection ◽

Performance Deterioration ◽

Short Test ◽

Psychological Dimensions

Summary: Deterioration in performance associated with decreased ability to sustain attention may be found in long and tedious task sessions. The necessity for assessing a number of psychological dimensions in a single session often demands “short” tests capable of assessing individual differences in abilities such as vigilance and maintenance of high performance levels. In the present paper two tasks were selected as candidates for playing this role, the Abbreviated Vigilance Task (AVT) by Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange and Matthews (1996) and the Continuous Attention Test (CAT) by Tiplady (1992) . However, when applied to a sample of 829 candidates in a job-selection process for air-traffic controllers, neither of them showed discriminative capacity. In a second study, an extended version of the CAT was applied to a similar sample of 667 subjects, but also proved incapable of properly detecting individual differences. In short, at least in a selection context such as that studied here, neither of the tasks appeared appropriate for playing the role of a “short” test for discriminating individual differences in performance deterioration in sustained attention.

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Individual Differences in the Name Similarity Effect

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000133 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 111-118

Author(s):

Daniel J. Howard ◽

Roger A. Kerin

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Impression Management ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Purchase Intentions ◽

Brand Attitude ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Similarity Effect ◽

And Behavior ◽

Usage Context

The name similarity effect is the tendency to like people, places, and things with names similar to our own. Although many researchers have examined name similarity effects on preferences and behavior, no research to date has examined whether individual differences exist in susceptibility to those effects. This research reports the results of two experiments that examine the role of self-monitoring in moderating name similarity effects. In the first experiment, name similarity effects on brand attitude and purchase intentions were found to be stronger for respondents high, rather than low, in self-monitoring. In the second experiment, the interactive effect observed in the first study was found to be especially true in a public (vs. private) usage context. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations of name similarity effects as an expression of egotism manifested in the image and impression management concerns of high self-monitors.

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The Role of Distress Disclosure Tendencies in the Experience and Expression of Laboratory-Induced Sadness

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000222 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey H. Kahn ◽

Daniel W. Cox ◽

A. Myfanwy Bakker ◽

Julia I. O’Loughlin ◽

Agnieszka M. Kotlarczyk

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Subjective Experience ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Distress Disclosure ◽

Computerized Text Analysis

Abstract. The benefits of talking with others about unpleasant emotions have been thoroughly investigated, but individual differences in distress disclosure tendencies have not been adequately integrated within theoretical models of emotion. The purpose of this laboratory research was to determine whether distress disclosure tendencies stem from differences in emotional reactivity or differences in emotion regulation. After completing measures of distress disclosure tendencies, social desirability, and positive and negative affect, 84 participants (74% women) were video recorded while viewing a sadness-inducing film clip. Participants completed post-film measures of affect and were then interviewed about their reactions to the film; these interviews were audio recorded for later coding and computerized text analysis. Distress disclosure tendencies were not predictive of the subjective experience of emotion, but they were positively related to facial expressions of sadness and happiness. Distress disclosure tendencies also predicted judges’ ratings of the verbal disclosure of emotion during the interview, but self-reported disclosure and use of positive and negative emotion words were not associated with distress disclosure tendencies. The authors present implications of this research for integrating individual differences in distress disclosure with models of emotion.

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