scholarly journals Left Unheard: Detecting Mood and Aggression Through Ostracism and Trait Mindfulness

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleoputri Yusainy ◽  
Putri Intan Mila Karti ◽  
Roynaldo Ramadhani Ikhsan ◽  
Ziadatul Hikmiah
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
The Impact

Ostracism occurs in the real world but causal investigation of the effect of ostracism on antisocial behavior (i.e., aggression) is typically limited by ethical consideration. This lab-based study (N = 131 Indonesian undergraduates) replicated and extended Chester and DeWall’s (2016) work by: (1) measuring the impact of ostracism on direct physical aggression rather than symbolic form of aggression; (2) investigating the role of trait mindfulness as a potential emotion regulation mechanism to replace the mood-improving qualities in aggression; and (3) employing a non-Western sample. We found that after being involved in the CRTT, ostracized participants mood had recovered at least in terms of negative affect. Aggression might have been seen as justifiable once it was followed by an act of restoring control of to not damage the ostracizer’s reputation afterwards. Moreover, we found that trait mindfulness could buffer negative reactions to ostracism by reducing aggressiveness once the negative affect was higher. As a whole, this study may provide a useful framework on whether and when the mechanism of mood improvement as well as individual differences in mindfulness could be incorporated into the intervention strategies for preventing ostracism-related aggression before escalating to violence.

Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Silva ◽  
Teresa Freire ◽  
Susana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

Beyond the Role of Interpersonal Violence in Predicting Negative Affective Conditions in Adults: An Examination of Hope Components in Chinese College Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093851
Author(s):  
Mingqi Li ◽  
Edward C. Chang ◽  
Olivia D. Chang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
The Impact

With the growth of positive psychology during the past two decades, increased research has been focused on identifying human virtues that not only foster well-being but also act as positive processes that mitigate the impact of life adversities. Thus, it is useful to examine how positive processes, such as hope, may impact individuals’ psychological adjustment following adversities. This study investigated the relationships among interpersonal violence, hope, as a key human strength, and negative affect conditions in a large sample ( N = 737) of Chinese male and female ( Nfemale = 409) college students. Participants completed measures assessing prior exposure to interpersonal violence, levels of both hope components (i.e., agency and pathways), negative affect, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Results from correlational analyses showed that exposure to interpersonal violence was positively and hope was negatively correlated with negative affective conditions. However, hope agency was more strongly correlated with those outcomes than hope pathways. In addition, three separate hierarchical regression analyses indicated that after accounting for demographics (i.e., age and sex) and interpersonal violence, within hope components, only hope agency remained as strong concurrent predictors of negative affective conditions. The present findings in this Chinese sample are consistent with those obtained from Turkey and the United States samples, adding evidence to the more robust role of hope, and hope agency in particular, in predicting negative psychological adjustment associated with interpersonal violence. Efforts made to address the absence of hope agency may be particularly important in future attempts to mitigate negative affective conditions linked to interpersonal violence among Chinese college students.

scholarly journals The Role of Positive Affect in Aggression

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Chester
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Interventions

Aggressive behavior hurts us all and is studied across psychology’s subdisciplines. Classical theories discuss the causes of aggression in the context of negative affect (e.g., frustration, pain). However, more recent research implicates positive affect as an important correlate and cause of aggression. Such aggressive pleasure likely evolved from ancient predatory tendencies that later yielded reproductive benefits, holds across reactive and proactive forms of aggression, and is used strategically as an item in many people’s emotion-regulation toolkit. Findings from psychological and neural sciences have converged to detail aggression’s hedonically pleasant qualities and the motivational and biological mechanisms through which they occur. This new approach generates novel hypotheses and might lead to effective interventions that mollify mankind’s aggressive tendencies.

scholarly journals Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3717-3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Woodhouse ◽  
K. S. Carslaw ◽  
G. W. Mann ◽  
S. M. Vallina ◽  
M. Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Global Warming Scenario ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The emission of dimethylsulphide (DMS) gas by phytoplankton and the subsequent formation of aerosol has long been suggested as an important climate regulation mechanism. The key aerosol quantity is the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but until recently global models did not include the necessary aerosol physics to quantify CCN. Here we use a global aerosol microphysics model to calculate the sensitivity of CCN to changes in DMS emission using multiple present-day and future sea-surface DMS climatologies. Calculated annual fluxes of DMS to the atmosphere for the five model-derived and one observations based present day climatologies are in the range 15.1 to 32.3 Tg a−1 sulphur. The impact of DMS climatology on surface level CCN concentrations was calculated in terms of summer and winter hemispheric mean values of ΔCCN/ΔFluxDMS, which varied between −51 and +147 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur), with a mean of 56 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur). The range is due to CCN production in the atmosphere being strongly dependent on the spatial distribution of the emitted DMS. The DMS flux from a future globally warmed climatology was 0.2 Tg a−1 sulphur higher than present day with a mean CCN response of 95 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur) relative to present day. The largest CCN response was seen in the southern Ocean, contributing to a Southern Hemisphere mean annual increase of less than 0.2%. We show that the changes in DMS flux and CCN concentration between the present day and global warming scenario are similar to interannual differences due to variability in windspeed. In summary, although DMS makes a significant contribution to global marine CCN concentrations, the sensitivity of CCN to potential future changes in DMS flux is very low. This finding, together with the predicted small changes in future seawater DMS concentrations, suggests that the role of DMS in climate regulation is very weak.

scholarly journals Effects of Proactive Behavior on Within-Day Changes in Occupational Well-Being: The Role of Organizational Tenure and Emotion Regulation Skills

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Bohlmann ◽  
Cort Rudolph ◽  
Hannes Zacher
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Proactive Behavior ◽  
Total N ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Emotional Work ◽  
Organizational Tenure

Only recently has research started to examine relationships between proactive behavior and employee well-being. Investigating these relationships is important for understanding the effects of proactivity at work, and whether proactivity leads to an increase or a decrease in well-being. In this study, we investigated day-level effects of proactive behavior on four indicators of occupational well-being (i.e., activated positive and negative affect, emotional work engagement and fatigue). Moreover, based on theorizing on “wise proactivity,” we examined organizational tenure and emotion regulation as moderators of these effects. In total, N = 71 employees participated in a daily diary study with two measurements per day for ten consecutive working days. Results revealed that emotion regulation interacted with daily proactive behavior to predict daily emotional work fatigue, such that the effect of proactive behavior on emotional work fatigue was only positive for employees with low (vs. high) emotion regulation. Supplementary analyses examining reverse effects of occupational well-being on proactive behavior showed that organizational tenure interacted with daily activated positive and negative affect in predicting proactive behavior. For employees with lower (vs. higher) organizational tenure only, both activated positive and negative affect were negatively associated with proactive behavior. Overall, our findings contribute to the growing body of research on proactive behavior and well-being by demonstrating reciprocal and conditional day-level relationships among these variables.

Differentiating Symptoms of ADHD in Preschoolers: The Role of Emotion Regulation and Executive Function

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705471989685
Author(s):  
Taylor D. Landis ◽  
Alexis M. Garcia ◽  
Katie C. Hart ◽  
Paulo A. Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Objective: This study examined the extent to which individual differences in executive function (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) were uniquely associated with inattention and hyperactivity symptoms of ADHD, respectively. Method: Participants included 249 preschool children with at-risk or clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior problems (EBPs). Results: Regression analyses were conducted examining the association between EF and ER—as reported by parents/teachers and assessed via child task performance—and hyperactivity and inattention. Even after accounting for IQ, age, sex, and severity of oppositional defiant disorder, greater levels of parent/teacher-reported EF problems and worse EF performance were associated with greater inattention. In addition, better observed ER was associated with lower inattention. Conversely, greater levels of parent/teacher-reported EF problems and worse parent/teacher-reported ER were associated with greater hyperactivity. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that underlying deficits in EF and ER do differentially relate to ADHD symptoms.

scholarly journals Social Media Exposure, Psychological Distress, Emotion Regulation, and Depression During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Community Samples in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-ting Zhang ◽  
Rui-ting Li ◽  
Xiao-jun Sun ◽  
Ming Peng ◽  
Xu Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global emergency, affecting millions of individuals both physically and psychologically. The present research investigated the associations between social media exposure and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak by examining the mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of emotion regulation among members of the general public in China. Participants (N = 485) completed a set of questionnaires online, including demographic information, self-rated physical health, and social media exposure to topics related to COVID-19. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) were utilized to measure psychological distress about COVID-19, depression, and emotion regulation strategies, respectively. Results found that older age and greater levels of social media exposure were associated with more psychological distress about the virus (r = 0.14, p = 0.003; r = 0.22, p &lt; 0.001). Results of the moderated mediation model suggest that psychological distress mediated the relationship between social media exposure and depression (β = 0.10; Boot 95% CI = 0.07, 0.15). Furthermore, expressive suppression moderated the relationship between psychological distress and depression (β = 0.10, p = 0.017). The findings are discussed in terms of the need for mental health assistance for individuals at high risk of depression, including the elderly and individuals who reported greater psychological distress and those who showed preference usage of suppression, during the COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals The Role of Daily Affect in Leader-Member Exchange: A Multilevel Investigation in Public Health Administration

Organizacija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Mehmet Çetin ◽  
Gulmira Samenova ◽  
Filiz Türkkan ◽  
Ceylan Karataş
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Multilevel Research ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and purpose: Although the critical role of affect in the leader-member relationship has been widely accepted, few studies investigated the impact of within-person affect variations in daily leader-member exchange (LMX) or addressed potential cross-level and intra-individual moderators of this relationship. This study examines the effects of followers’ positive and negative affect on their daily LMX in public health care organizations. The moderator roles of emotional labor and trait emotional intelligence were also investigated. Methodology: A multilevel research design was conducted where daily measures were nested in individuals. Seventy participants working in a government health organization operating in Istanbul responded to daily surveys for five consecutive workdays (350 day-level responses) and a general survey one week after the daily data collection period (70 person-level responses). Hypotheses were tested using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). Results: Both positive affect and negative affect were positively related with LMX (day-level), but negative affect had a negative association with LMX on the inter-personal level (when daily scores were averaged across days). Although trait emotional intelligence showed a positive cross-level effect, none of the proposed moderations was significant. Conclusion: The role of affect in LMX development is critical and has a complex structure. Findings emphasize the importance of multilevel research for understanding the affect-LMX relationship as they demonstrate different pictures in day-level and person-level analysis.

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