Self-Regulated Learning Training Programs Enhance University Students’ Academic Performance, Self-Regulated Learning Strategies, and Motivation: A Meta-Analysis
The present meta-analysis tested the effects of extended self-regulated learning training programs on academic performance, cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, resource management strategies, and motivation of university students. Further, moderators of training effectiveness were examined. Literature search revealed 32 studies (4,106 participants) that met the inclusion criteria. A three-level meta-analysis based on 182 effect sizes revealed an overall effect size of g = .36. The largest mean effect sizes were obtained for metacognitive strategies (g = .39) and motivational outcomes (g = .38) followed by academic performance (g = .37), resource management strategies (g = .34), and cognitive strategies (g = .25). Training effects varied for specific self-regulated learning strategies and ranged between .23 (organization and rehearsal) and .55 (planning and goal setting). Further, moderator analyses revealed differential training effects depending on course design characteristics: Feedback predicted larger training effects for resource management strategies and motivation. Cooperative learning arrangement predicted larger training effects for cognitive and metacognitive strategies. The provision of learning protocols predicted larger training effects for resource management strategies. Further, training programs that targeted older students and students with lower prior academic achievement showed larger effect sizes for resource management strategies. To conclude, self-regulated learning training programs enhanced academic performance, self-regulated learning strategies, and motivation of university students. Based on these results, practical implications and avenues for further research are discussed.