scholarly journals What counts? Sources of knowledge in children’s acquisition of the successor function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Schneider ◽  
Jess Sullivan ◽  
Kaiqi Guo ◽  
David Barner
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Successor Function ◽  
Arithmetic Expression ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Math Facts ◽  
Us Children

Although many US children can count sets by 4 years, it is not until 5½-6 years that they understand how counting relates to number - i.e., that adding 1 to a set necessitates counting up one number. This study examined two knowledge sources that 3½-6-year-olds (N = 136) may leverage to acquire this “successor function”: (1) mastery of productive rules governing count list generation; and (2) training with “+1” math facts. Both productive counting and “+1” math facts were related to understanding that adding 1 to sets entails counting up one number in the count list; however, even children with robust successor knowledge struggled with its arithmetic expression, suggesting they do not generalize the successor function from “+1” math facts.

An AI-Based Approach for the Integration of Multiple Sources of Knowledge to Aid Engineering Design

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Mayer ◽  
S. C.-Y. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Knowledge Engineer ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
System User ◽  
Basic Ideas

A model for integrating multiple sources of knowledge within engineering expert systems is presented. It allows possible conflicts between multiple knowledge sources to be logically resolved at run-time rather than during the knowledge acquisition stage. Unlike the traditional approach in which the knowledge engineer is responsible for resolving conflicting views, resolutions are dynamically accomplished by the knowledge sources themselves and/or by system users. The system user is included as a problem-solving colleague to select a proper strategy from those offered by different experts. Both qualitative and quantitative constraints are traced during problem solving and can be retracted if necessary. The model has been successfully implemented in an engineering design domain to demonstrate the basic ideas. This research is our first step in a long-term effort to develop a cooperative problem-solving paradigm for knowledge-based engineering systems.

scholarly journals EPISTEMOLOGI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

At-Tuhfah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Yogi Prana Izza
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Education ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Five Senses

“One of the problems of Islamic education today is the issue of dichotomy between “the relegious science” oriented to the hereafter happiness and “the non relegious science” oriented to worldly happiness. In fact, Islam does not distinguish between the two. This problem is directed from the formulation of an inaccurate Islamic education epistemology. Therefore, this paper seeks to unravel the epistemological foundation of Islamic education by discussing the essence of Islamic education, knowledge sources of Islamic education, the methodology of Islamic education and the alternative paradigm of integralism in religious sciences with non-religious sciences. The conclusion of this discussion explains that the essence of Islamic education is the process of adab cultivation, the process of transferring knowledge and the process of purification of the soul. These processes are actually related to the sources of knowledge in Islamic education, namely the five senses, ratios, intuition, and revelation (wahyu). The functions of these sources are complementary or integral. But in reality, the source of intuition, for example, has not yet gotten an adequate portion in Islamic education”.

scholarly journals The Effect of Open Innovation on Eco-Innovation Performance: The Role of Market Knowledge Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3890
Author(s):  
Fernando Sanchez-Henriquez ◽  
Ignacio Pavez
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Market Knowledge ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge

Organizations use multiple strategies to increase the number and impact of eco-innovations as a path to achieve competitive advantage. In this article, we study the role of open innovation activities, specifically related to market sources, as a driver of eco-innovation performance. While studies have looked at the relationship between these two emergent innovation phenomena from a broad perspective, we explore whether specific market knowledge sources—clients, suppliers, competitors, and consultants—and their combined use—affect eco-innovation performance. We rely on insights from theories of open innovation and sustainable and environmental innovation to build a theoretical framework about the determinants of eco-innovation performance from a market-driven open innovation perspective. Our sample consists of 3047 firm-year observations obtained from three consecutive panels of the Chilean Innovation Survey (2009–2014). We found that clients, suppliers, competitors, and consultants as knowledge sources positively influence eco-innovation performance in firms. In addition, our results suggest that a combination of client sourcing with supplier and consultant sources of knowledge positively affect eco-innovation performance. We discuss the implications of our findings for open innovation activities on eco-innovation and suggest ideas for future research.

Local vs non-local sources of knowledge for the low-tech firms’ product innovation: evidence from the food-processing industry in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-670
Author(s):  
Phakpoom Tippakoon
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Non Local

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect on firms’ new product development (NPD) and significant product modification of knowledge interaction with local and non-local knowledge actors. Design/methodology/approach This study draws insights from the literature on external knowledge sources. The negative binomial regression is used to analyse the data of 245 sample food-processing establishments in Thailand. Findings Local knowledge actors play only limited roles in enhancing food-processing establishments’ product innovations. Only knowledge interaction with local universities and public research organisations helps enhance establishments’ ability to modify their products. For the NPD, significant sources of knowledge are non-local industrial actors. Originality/value This study adds new empirical evidence on knowledge sources for innovation of low-tech firms in less developed countries. It contributes new findings to an on-going debate on the importance of local vs non-local knowledge sources on firms’ innovativeness. It also contributes some implications for the Thai Government’s cluster-based innovation strategy.

scholarly journals What Counts? Sources of Knowledge in Children’s Acquisition of the Successor Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Schneider ◽  
Jessica Sullivan ◽  
Kaiqi Guo ◽  
David Barner
Keyword(s):  
Successor Function ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge

The role of internal and external sources of knowledge on frugal innovation: moderating role of innovation capabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Fahad AlMulhim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Frugal Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
External Sources ◽  
External Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose This study aims to analyze the effect of external and internal sources of knowledge on frugal innovation. Moreover, it investigated how this relationship is weakened/strengthened by the moderation of innovation capabilities. Design/methodology/approach This empirical study’s data were taken from 288 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by using a questionnaire survey. To analyze this data, analysis of a moment structures software (AMOS) was used. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypothesis and the slope test investigated moderation. Findings The study results showed the significant effect of internal and external sources of knowledge on frugal innovation. Moreover, the results highlighted that the moderating role of innovation capabilities strengthens this relationship. Research limitations/implications The SMEs of “Saudi Arabia” were considered for this study. Among these, this paper only focused on enterprises owned by Saudi citizens. Moreover, the data were collected from 288 SMEs. Therefore, future studies can be conducted from any other country with larger sample size. This study has used moderation of innovation capabilities and future studies can use information credibility as a moderating variable. Originality/value Previously, many studies have highlighted the importance of knowledge for innovation, but the effects of knowledge sources from the perspective of SMEs and emerging markets remain unexplained. Very limited studies have explored the relation of knowledge sources with frugal innovation. This study first examines the moderating role of innovation capabilities between “internal and external knowledge sources” and frugal innovation. Moreover, this research reveals the SMEs of Saudi Arabia and its sector of frugal products.

The Epistemology of Reading and Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
René van Woudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Textual Interpretation ◽  
Meaning Interpretation ◽  
The Way

Reading and textual interpretation are ordinary human activities, performed inside as well as outside academia, but precisely how they function as unique sources of knowledge is not well understood. In this book, René van Woudenberg explores the nature of reading and how it is distinct from perception and (attending to) testimony, which are two widely acknowledged knowledge sources. After distinguishing seven accounts of interpretation, van Woudenberg discusses the question of whether all reading inevitably involves interpretation, and shows that although reading and interpretation often go together, they are distinct activities. He goes on to argue that both reading and interpretation can be paths to realistically conceived truth, and explains the conditions under which we are justified in believing that they do indeed lead us to the truth. Along the way, he offers clear and novel analyses of reading, meaning, interpretation, and interpretative knowledge.

The interaction between external and internal knowledge sources: an open innovation view

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves L. Díaz-Díaz ◽  
Petra de Saá Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Knowledge Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
External Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Internal Knowledge

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the external sources of knowledge that better exploit internal knowledge in order to innovate. Design/methodology/approach – A balanced panel of 1,266 firms that respond to the Survey of Business Strategies for a five-year period was used, which represents a total of 6,330 observations. Findings – The influence of the absorptive capacity on new products is significant, with an inverted U-shaped relationship. The interaction between external sources of knowledge and firm ' s absorptive capacity has a negative effect on innovation up to a certain level (substitution effect), after which that interaction improves the innovation of firms, displaying a complementary effect. Practical implications – Firms with excess of internal sources of knowledge do not obtain better innovative results because overtime firms tend to inertia and need external sources of knowledge to obtain new knowledge. Firms must be conscious that the effect on innovation of using a strategy of external knowledge acquisition could be different depending on their internal knowledge base level. Thus, those firms that select their strategies to combine knowledge appropriately will have better results. Originality/value – This paper reveals that the positive effect of internal sources of knowledge on innovation decline after it reaches a high level because those firms with strong absorptive capacity may enter a state of organizational inertia that reduces their innovation. This research enhances the importance of identifying each of the external knowledge sources likely to be used, since their influence on innovation differs depending on the level of internal knowledge. Finally, this study is based on panel data models, which allows us to control unobservable heterogeneity improving earlier studies that had to rely on cross-sectional data.

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