scholarly journals The Role of Culture in Implicit & Explicit Suicide Ideation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukriti Drabu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

This study investigated the role of culture on suicidal thoughts and behaviors by examining (i) differences in explicit reporting of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, (ii) differences in implicit association of suicidal thoughts (iii) correlation of implicit- explicit reporting of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (iv) correlation between religion, religiosity level and reporting of suicidal thoughts between community samples from India and the USA. The study also tested the feasibility of using a measure of cognitive processing (i.e. the Implicit Association Task) as opposed to a self-report measure to identify implicit or hidden associations with suicidal thoughts or behaviors. Given the scarcity of available research on cross-cultural suicidal thoughts and behaviors, this study aims to bridge the current gap and provide evidence on the cultural variability in expression and development of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The study hypothesized a lower level of explicit reporting of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the Indian sample (as compared to the USA sample), but equivalent or higher level of implicit association with death/suicide related stimuli. Further, a significant difference in the correlation between religiosity level and suicidal behaviors, moderated by religion, was expected between the two countries. Participants were recruited online using Mechanical Turk to target individuals from India and the USA. A self-report questionnaire format was used to capture information about the participants’ explicit reporting of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, associated risk factors, religious affiliations and country of birth. Implicit cognition towards suicide was measured using an online version of the Death/Suicide IAT. The results showed a significantly lower level of explicit reporting in India as compared to the USA sample but comparable implicit reporting levels. Further, the results also reported a significantly different correlation of religiosity and suicidal thoughts between the two country samples. This study provides initial evidence suggesting a significant role of cultural setting in the reporting and expression of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study is also the first to test the feasibility of using the Death/Suicide IAT for measuring implicit suicide related cognition in India.

scholarly journals Psychobiological risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence: a consideration of the role of puberty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany C. Ho ◽  
Anthony J. Gifuni ◽  
Ian H. Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors ◽  
Pubertal Transition

AbstractSuicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. While clinicians and researchers have begun to recognize the importance of considering multidimensional factors in understanding risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) during this developmental period, the role of puberty has been largely ignored. In this review, we contend that the hormonal events that occur during puberty have significant effects on the organization and development of brain systems implicated in the regulation of social stressors, including amygdala, hippocampus, striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Guided by previous experimental work in adults, we also propose that the influence of pubertal hormones and social stressors on neural systems related to risk for STBs is especially critical to consider in adolescents with a neurobiological sensitivity to hormonal changes. Furthermore, facets of the pubertal transition, such as pubertal timing, warrant deeper investigation and may help us gain a more comprehensive understanding of sex differences in the neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying adolescent STBs. Ultimately, advancing our understanding of the pubertal processes that contribute to suicide risk will improve early detection and facilitate the development of more effective, sex-specific, psychiatric interventions for adolescents.

The Role of Hope and Resilience in Protecting Against Suicidal thoughts and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
James R. P. Knowles ◽  
Nicola S. Gray ◽  
Chris O’Connor ◽  
Jennifer Pink ◽  
Nicola J. Simkiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Anhedonia and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in psychiatric outpatients: The role of acuity

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1218-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah Hawes ◽  
Igor Galynker ◽  
Shira Barzilay ◽  
Zimri S. Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

scholarly journals I’m still standing: A machine learning analysis of risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in college students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namik Kirlic ◽  
Elisabeth Akeman ◽  
Danielle DeVille ◽  
Henry Yeh ◽  
Kelly T. Cosgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
College Students ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Background: An estimated 1100 college students die by suicide each year. Our ability to predict who is at risk for suicide, as well as our knowledge of resilience factors protecting against it, remains limited. We used a machine learning (ML) framework in conjunction with a large battery of self-report and demographic measures to select features contributing most to observed variability in suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in college.Method: First-year university students completed demographic and clinically-relevant self-report measures at the beginning of the first semester of college (baseline; n=356), and at end-of-year (n=228). Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) assessed STBs. A ML pipeline with 55 and 57 variables using stacking and nested cross-validation to avoid overfitting was conducted to examine predictors of baseline and end-of-year STBs, respectively. Results: For baseline SBQ-R score, the identified ML algorithm explained 28.3% of variance (95%CI: 28-28.5%), with depression severity, meaning and purpose in life, and social isolation among the most important predictors. For end-of-year SBQ-R score, the identified algorithm explained 5.6% of variance [95%CI: 5.1-6.1%], with baseline SBQ-R score, emotional suppression, and positive emotional experiences among the most important predictors.Limitations: External validation of the model with another independent sample is needed for further demonstrating its replicability.Conclusions: ML analyses replicated known factors contributing to STBs, and identified novel, potentially modifiable risk and resilience factors. Intervention programing on college campuses aiming to reduce depressive symptomatology, promote positive affect and social connectedness, and foster a sense of meaning and purpose, may be effective in reducing STBs.

The Role of Affect in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Yamokoski ◽  
Karen R. Scheel ◽  
James R. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

scholarly journals Predicting Imminent Suicidal Thoughts and Nonfatal Attempts: The Role of Complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Ribeiro ◽  
Xieyining Huang ◽  
Kathryn R. Fox ◽  
Colin G. Walsh ◽  
Kathryn P. Linthicum
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

For decades, our ability to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has been at near-chance levels. The objective of this study was to advance prediction by addressing two major methodological constraints pervasive in past research: (a) the reliance on long follow-ups and (b) the application of simple conceptualizations of risk. Participants were 1,021 high-risk suicidal and/or self-injuring individuals recruited worldwide. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3, 14, and 28 days after baseline using a range of implicit and self-report measures. Retention was high across all time points (> 90%). Risk algorithms were derived and compared with univariate analyses at each follow-up. Results indicated that short-term prediction alone did not improve prediction for attempts, even using commonly cited “warning signs”; however, a small set of factors did provide fair-to-good short-term prediction of ideation. Machine learning produced considerable improvements for both outcomes across follow-ups. Results underscore the importance of complexity in the conceptualization of STBs.

Psychosis as a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Huang ◽  
K. R. Fox ◽  
J. D. Ribeiro ◽  
J. C. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

BackgroundResearch has long noted higher prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among individuals with psychotic symptoms. Major theories have proposed several explanations to account for this association. Given the differences in the literature regarding the operationalization of psychosis and sample characteristics, a quantitative review is needed to determine to what extent and how psychosis confers risk for suicidality.MethodsWe searched PsycInfo, PubMed, and GoogleScholar for studies published before 1 January 2016. To be included in the analysis, studies must have used at least one psychosis-related factor to longitudinally predict suicide ideation, attempt, or death. The initial search yielded 2541 studies. Fifty studies were retained for analysis, yielding 128 statistical tests.ResultsSuicide death was the most commonly studied outcome (43.0%), followed by attempt (39.1%) and ideation (18.0%). The median follow-up length was 7.5 years. Overall, psychosis significantly conferred risk across three outcomes, with weighted mean ORs of 1.70 (1.39–2.08) for ideation, 1.36 (1.25–1.48) for attempt, and 1.40 (1.14–1.72) for death. Detailed analyses indicated that positive symptoms consistently conferred risk across outcomes; negative symptoms were not significantly associated with ideation, and were protective against death. Some small moderator effects were detected for sample characteristics.ConclusionsPsychosis is a significant risk factor for suicide ideation, attempt, and death. The finding that positive symptoms increased suicide risk and negative symptoms seemed to decrease risk sheds light on the potential mechanisms for the association between psychosis and suicidality. We note several limitations of the literature and offer suggestions for future directions.

Suicide Following Trauma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika M. Roberge ◽  
Feea R. Leifker ◽  
Shelby N. Baker ◽  
David C. Rozek ◽  
Craig J. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. About 9 percent of adults will experience serious suicide ideation in their lifetimes, but many fewer will go on to make a suicide attempt or die by suicide. Therefore, identification of who is likely to transition from suicidal thoughts to actions is imperative to preventing suicide deaths. Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two of a limited number of risk factors that differentiate suicide ideators from suicide attempters. Further, certain types of trauma and groups of people are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and actions. For example, childhood trauma and maltreatment, as well as history of sexual assault, are both associated with unique risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors after controlling for various additional risk factors and PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, military personnel/veterans and lesbian, gay, transgender, and bisexual individuals are two high-risk populations for death by suicide. Several theories of how traumatic experiences confer increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, as well as theories within the ideation-to-action framework (which explain transition from suicidal thoughts to behaviors), are presented and discussed to increase understanding of this phenomenon, as well as possible targets of intervention.

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