scholarly journals Marriage Equality: On the Books and On the Ground? An Experimental Audit Study of Beliefs and Behavior towards Same-Sex and Interracial Couples in the Wedding Industry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Mary Kroeper ◽  
Katherine Muenks ◽  
Mary Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Norm ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Interracial Couples ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Industry Professionals

In the U.S., same-sex and interracial couples benefit from federal court decisions recognizing and protecting their marital unions. Despite these legal protections, prejudiced beliefs and subtly-biased behavior toward these groups may still be socially normative. The present studies surveyed Americans’ beliefs about the acceptability of prejudice toward same-sex, interracial, and white heterosexual couples and then examined actual behavior among wedding venue professionals towards them. In Study 1, Americans felt it more socially normative to express prejudice toward same-sex couples than toward interracial couples and heterosexual couples; they also forecasted that same-sex couples would experience more discrimination by wedding industry professionals than interracial couples. Study 2 used experimental audit methods to examine whether the actual behavior of wedding venue professionals aligned with Americans’ social norm beliefs. Results revealed that same-sex couples and, to a lesser extent, interracial couples experienced more discrimination by wedding industry professionals than did white heterosexual couples.

The Independence of Young Adults and the Rise of Interracial and Same-Sex Unions

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rosenfeld ◽  
Byung-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Interracial Couples ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
The Past ◽  
The U.S

Interracial unions and same-sex unions were rare and secretive in the past because U.S. society was organized to suppress such unions. The rise of same-sex and interracial unions in the past few decades suggests changes in the basic structure of U.S. society. Young adults have been marrying later, and single young adults are much less likely to live with their parents. The independence of young adults has reduced parental control over their children's choice of mate. Using microdata from the U.S. Census, this article shows that interracial couples and same-sex couples are more geographically mobile and more urban than same-race married couples. The authors view the geographic mobility of young couples as a proxy for their independence from communities of origin. The results show that nontraditional couples are more geographically mobile even after individual and community attributes are taken into account. Same-sex couples are more likely to be interracial than heterosexual couples, indicating that same-sex and interracial couples are part of a common fabric of family diversification. The article discusses related historical examples and trends.

Couple Interventions for Same-Sex Couples

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Pepping ◽  
W. Kim Halford ◽  
Anthony Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Minority Stress ◽  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relationship Education ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Future Research Directions

This chapter reviews the emerging field of couple interventions for same-sex couples. It outlines the evidence base for couple relationship education and couple therapy based on research with heterosexual couples. It reviews data pertaining to relationship stability and relationship satisfaction of same-sex couples and also the similarities and differences in the predictors of relationship outcomes between heterosexual and same-sex couples. The differences suggest modifications are required, including addressing the role of external influences on couple functioning, the role of dyadic coping to buffer effects of minority stress, non-monogamous relationships, and managing disclosure of one’s relationship. Currently, there is modest uptake of couple services among same-sex couples, and this chapter offers suggestions to enhance the relevance and inclusivity of couple interventions. It concludes by proposing a number of future research directions, including examining the efficacy of couple interventions for same-sex couples and evaluating innovations to increase same-sex couples’ access to services.

scholarly journals Adoção e casais do mesmo sexo

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Neliana Rodean
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Biological Parent ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
European Court ◽  
New Period ◽  
Domestic Legislation

The European “backyard of rights” is enlarging and Member States face a new period of acknowledgment of human rights. The guarantee of the new rights occurs both through national legislation and through the jurisprudence of international or supranational courts. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) became the “fourth judge” called to intervene when the domestic legislation is not guardian of new rights regarding the recognition of the same-sex couples but also the adoption of a child by these couples. In this sense, recently the ECtHR ruled that the impossibility of second-parent adoption in a same-sex relationship is  discriminatory when such adoption is possible for unmarried heterosexual couples, although the exclusion of the biological parent. Thus, the decision of the ECtHR established the principle that the adoption of children by same-sex partners should be possible, as it is for heterosexual unmarried couples.

Traditional Marriage and Public Law

Just Married ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Philosophical Argument ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Traditional Marriage

This chapter examines the philosophical argument, grounded in natural law, for regarding marriage as necessarily the union of one man and one woman. It first considers whether marriage is by nature heterosexual by discussing the claims advanced by Sherif Girgis, Ryan T. Anderson, and Robert P. George in their book What Is Marriage? Man and Woman—A Defense. In particular, it explores the New Natural Law defense of marriage as necessarily the relation of one man and one woman, its endorsement of sex within the marriages of sterile heterosexuals as not only permissible but good, and its insistence that only heterosexual couples can be married because only their unions can be oriented toward having and raising children. The chapter shows that natural law arguments fail to provide a reasoned basis for excluding same-sex couples from the civil institution of marriage.

Same-Sex Couples and the Police: A 10-Year Study of Arrest and Dual Arrest Rates in Responding to Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122092037
Author(s):  
David Hirschel ◽  
Philip D. McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Arrest Rates ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Dual Arrest ◽  
Disparate Treatment ◽  
System Data

Despite concern, little research has been conducted on whether victims in same-sex relationships receive disparate treatment from law enforcement. Utilizing 2000 through 2009 National Incident-Based Reporting System data, the authors examine the police response to incidents involving same-sex and heterosexual couples in 2,625,753 cases across 5,481 jurisdictions in 36 states and Washington, D.C. Results show that incidents with same-sex couples are less likely to result in arrest, but far more likely to result in dual arrests, in most incident configurations. Racial effects were also observed. The policy implications of these findings are discussed with the need for broad-based training highlighted.

scholarly journals EXPOSURE AND EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY TO DAILY STRESS IN SAME-SEX AND DIFFERENT-SEX MARRIAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S797-S797
Author(s):  
Michael Garcia ◽  
Rachel Donnelly ◽  
Debra Umberson
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gendered Patterns

Abstract Recent work exploring links between stress processes and well-being within marriage suggest that women may be at an increased risk for exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stress. However, studies have focused primarily on heterosexual couples, raising questions concerning whether and how these gendered patterns might unfold differently for men and women in same-sex marriages. In the present study, we analyze 10 days of dyadic diary data from 756 midlife men and women in 378 gay, lesbian, and heterosexual marriages to consider how exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stress may differ across union types. We find that women are exposed to more daily stressors than men and that this exposure is especially detrimental to the well-being of women in different-sex marriages. These findings highlight the need to include same-sex couples when exploring gendered linkages between daily stress processes and well-being within marriage.

Perry and Windsor

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Court System ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Tax Benefits

A 2010 federal trial in California, Perry v. Schwarzenegger, ruled that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional and showed that the expert witnesses brought in to testify against marriage equality were either unconvincing or entirely lacking in credibility. Perry was a triumph for the social science consensus supporting gay rights. Moving up the federal court system at the same time was Edith Windsor’s challenge to DOMA, which prevented the federal government from recognizing Windsor’s marriage to Thea Spyer, and therefore prevented Windsor from enjoying the estate tax benefits that married heterosexual couples enjoy. The 2013 U.S. v. Windsor decision overturned a key provision of DOMA, the federal ban on recognizing same-sex marriages and opened the door to legal challenges to every state ban on same-sex marriage.

scholarly journals Formal Rights and Informal Privileges for Same-Sex Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Doan ◽  
Annalise Loehr ◽  
Lisa R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Prejudice ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Attitudes Toward Marriage ◽  
Nationally Representative

Attitudes toward gay rights have liberalized over the past few decades, but scholars know less about the extent to which individuals in the United States exhibit subtle forms of prejudice toward lesbians and gays. To help address this issue, we offer a conceptualization of formal rights and informal privileges. Using original data from a nationally representative survey experiment, we examine whether people distinguish between formal rights (e.g., partnership benefits) and informal privileges (e.g., public displays of affection) in their attitudes toward same-sex couples. Results show that heterosexuals are as willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples as they are to unmarried heterosexual couples. However, they are less willing to grant informal privileges. Lesbians and gays are more willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples, but they too are sometimes more supportive of informal privileges for heterosexual couples. We also find that heterosexuals’ attitudes toward marriage more closely align with their attitudes toward informal privileges than formal rights, whereas lesbians and gays view marriage similarly to both formal rights and informal privileges. Our findings highlight the need to examine multiple dimensions of sexual prejudice to help understand how informal types of prejudice persist as minority groups receive formal rights.

Relationship Quality among Swiss Women in Opposite-Sex Versus Same-Sex Romantic Relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Meuwly ◽  
Brian A. Feinstein ◽  
Joanne Davila ◽  
David Garcia Nuñez ◽  
Guy Bodenmann
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Female Partners

Romantic relationship quality is an important factor for well-being. Most research on romantic relationships is based on heterosexual couples, but studies of different types of dyads showed that relationship functioning among same-sex couples is similar to that among heterosexual couples. However, a few studies suggest that lesbian partners are better communicators and more satisfied in their romantic relationships. The present study aimed to replicate these findings with a sample of Swiss couples, as most of the previous studies have been based on US-American samples. Eighty-two women who were currently in a romantic relationship with either a male or a female partner completed an online questionnaire about their relationship functioning. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbian women reported receiving better support from and experiencing less conflict with their female partners. They also showed a trend toward being more satisfied in their relationship. The study supports the notion that, relative to heterosexual couples, the quality of support and conflict interactions may be enhanced in female same-sex couples.

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