scholarly journals Lying (non-)parents: Being a parent does not reduce dishonesty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agne Kajackaite ◽  
Paweł Niszczota
Keyword(s):  
Similar Extent ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Do So

Many studies point to how parenthood can affect behavior. Here, we provide a large-sample (N = 2,008) analysis of whether people with children are less likely to cheat in a private die-rolling task. Our findings suggest that both parents and non-parents lie and do so to a similar extent. However, when parents are reminded of their children prior to the task, they lie less compared to a treatment without a reminder.

Cognitive and Structural Antecedents of Innovation: A Large-Sample Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-97
Author(s):  
Saerom Lee ◽  
Felipe A. Csaszar
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Technological Regimes ◽  
Disruptive Innovations ◽  
Do So

This paper studies how cognitive and structural antecedents affect adaptation to disruptive innovations. We do so by analyzing how video game firms adapted to the free-to-play business model around the period of disruption (2012–2015). Our data set (which contains 461 firms, collectively employing 83,157 individuals) allows us to characterize each firm’s organizational structure and each employee’s experience profile; it also captures the performance of firms under the existing and new technological regimes (that is, firms that do and do not adopt the disruptive innovation). We show that adoption, implementation under the existing regime, and implementation under the new regime are affected by cognitive and structural antecedents in different and often opposite ways. We also point out conditions under which cognitive and structural antecedents can compensate for each other. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of how firms should organize to face disruptive innovations.

Duck Eats Rabbit: Exactly which type of relational phrase can disambiguate the perception of identical side by side ambiguous figures?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Elliott Mathewson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Position ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ambiguous Figures ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Do So

Many individuals cannot at first see two ambiguous figures as different interpretations simultaneously, even with effort. Here in a large sample replication we find that the phrase “duck eats rabbit” allows those who could not see a duck and rabbit side by side to do so. In a second experiment we show that a relational phrase “next to” that does not disambiguate the spatial position interpretation, does not similarly allow the duck to be seen next to the rabbit, supporting the proposal that top-down semantic-framing can influence perception of ambiguous figures.

scholarly journals Uncovering Ultra-Luminous Galaxies in the IRAS FSC Through Radio and Optical Cross-Identification

1998 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
G. Aldering
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Infrared Galaxies ◽  
Space Density ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Present Epoch ◽  
Luminous Galaxies ◽  
Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies ◽  
Do So

Ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) have luminosities (1012L⊙) once exclusive to QSOs. This suggests they might be the early, dust-enshrouded stages of QSOs. ULIRGs have ∼ 3.5× the space density of QSOs at the present epoch. Quasars reached their peak space density at z ∼ 2, so if ULIRGs are QSO precursors, there should be a dramatic increase in their space density up to z ∼ 2. The small number of known ULIRGs makes it difficult to explore links between ULIRGs and QSOs, much less measure their evolution. To do so, a large sample of ULIRG candidates must be identified. The IRAS FSC contains ∼ 60,000 probable galaxies, of which 1%–3% should have LFIR > 1012L⊙. We discuss an efficient and reliable method which uses IRAS-VLA-APS cross-identification and flux ratios to mine the FSC for likely ULIRGs.

Examining the Contribution of Perfectionistic Traits to the Construct Validity of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Azad Hemmati ◽  
Brandon Weiss ◽  
Atefeh Mirani ◽  
Farzin Rezaei ◽  
Joshua D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Do So

Scholars of perfectionism have proposed significant modifications to DSM-5's alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD), such that (1) perfectionism be expanded beyond the inclusion of a singular trait—rigid perfectionism—and (2) perfectionistic traits be specified as trait descriptors of personality disorders (PDs) other than obsessive-compulsive PD. In this study, we evaluate these proposals by examining the degree to which (a) perfectionistic traits are already instantiated in Section II and Section III models of personality pathology; and (b) perfectionistic traits meaningfully augment the construct validity of AMPD PDs. We conducted these approaches in a large sample (N =3D 435) from an Iranian undergraduate population that is atypically found in the literature. Results showed that perfectionistic traits are already fairly well instantiated in Section III Criterion B. Perfectionistic traits minimally improved the construct validity of OCPD, but did not meaningfully do so for other PDs. Future investigation into the clinical utility of perfectionistic traits is needed.

scholarly journals The Carbon Footprint of Airport Ground Access as Part of an Outbound Holiday Trip

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9085
Author(s):  
Raúl Hernández-Martín ◽  
Hugo Padrón-Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Do So

In this paper, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions derived from airport surface access of outbound German tourists travelling to the Canary Islands have been estimated. It is argued that carbon footprint estimations in tourism must be improved to incorporate the transport to the airports within the country of origin. To do so, statistical data from the Tourism Expenditure Survey of the Canary Islands have been used. In particular, the postcodes of a large sample of German tourists visiting the archipelago from 2012 to 2014 are used to identify their residence and the distances travelled to their chosen airport. The findings of the paper contribute to the literature on tourism carbon footprints, including an estimate of the share of airport surface access emissions in a typical outbound sun and beach holiday trip. Airport ground access accounted for 8.17% of transport-related emissions. These results have implications for urban planners, transport firms, and tourism management.

scholarly journals Resource Compensation or Multiplication? The Interplay between Cognitive Ability and Social Origin in Explaining Educational Attainment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Stienstra ◽  
Ineke Maas ◽  
Antonie Knigge ◽  
Wiebke Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Compensation Effect ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Do So

Abstract While previous research has conclusively established that children with higher cognitive ability and those originating from advantaged socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds have better educational outcomes, the interplay between the influences of cognitive ability and social origin has been largely overlooked. The influence of cognitive ability might be weaker in high-SES families as a result of resource compensation, and stronger in high-SES families owing to resource multiplication. We investigate these mechanisms while taking into account the possibility that the association between cognitive ability and educational attainment might be partly spurious due to unobserved genetic and environmental influences. We do so by analysing a large sample of twins from the German TwinLife study (Npairs = 2,190). Our results show that the association between cognitive ability and educational attainment is to a large extent confounded by genetic and shared environmental factors. If this is not considered, and this is the case in most previous studies, high-SES parents seem to compensate for the lower cognitive ability of their children. However, when we consider the genetic and shared environmental confounding, the resource compensation effect becomes non-significant.

scholarly journals Morphological productivity across speech and writing

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Plag ◽  
Christiane Dalton-Puffer ◽  
Harald Baayen
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Morphological Theory ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Do So ◽  
National Corpus

Claims about the productivity of a given affix are generally made without differentiating productivity according to type of discourse, although it is commonly assumed that certain kinds of derivational suffixes are more pertinent in certain kinds of texts than in others. Conversely, studies in register variation have paid very little attention to the role derivational morphology may play in register variation.This paper explores the relation between register variation and derivational morphology through a quantitative investigation of the productivity of a number of English derivational suffixes across three types of discourse in the British National Corpus (written language, context-governed spoken language, and everyday conversations). Three main points emerge from the analysis. First, within a single register, different suffixes may differ enormously in their productivity, even if structurally they are constrained to a similar extent. Second, across the three registers under investigation a given suffix may display vast differences in productivity. Third, the register variation of suffixes is not uniform, i.e. there are suffixes that show differences in productivity across registers while other suffixes do not, or do so to a lesser extent. We offer some tentative explanations for these findings and discuss the implications for morphological theory.

Duck Eats Rabbit: Exactly Which Type of Relational Phrase Can Disambiguate the Perception of Identical Side by Side Ambiguous Figures?

Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle E. Mathewson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Position ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Ambiguous Figures ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Do So

Many individuals cannot at first see two ambiguous figures as different interpretations simultaneously, even with effort. Here in a large sample replication, we find that the phrase “duck eats rabbit” allows those who could not see a duck and rabbit side by side to do so. In a second experiment, we show that a relational phrase “next to” that does not disambiguate the spatial position interpretation does not similarly allow the duck to be seen next to the rabbit, supporting the proposal that top-down semantic-framing can influence perception of ambiguous figures.

Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Nazerian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

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