scholarly journals Characteristics and associated factors of self-disclosed sexual aggression in a national representative sample of Belgian adults aged 16-69

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Schapansky ◽  
Ines Keygnaert ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Hands On ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
National Representative Sample

Sexual violence is a major public health, societal, and judicial problem worldwide. Studies investigating the characteristics of its offenders often rely on samples of convicted offenders, which are then biased by low reporting and conviction rates of sexual offences. The reliability of self-report studies of undetected sexual offenders, however, is threatened by underreporting of sexually aggressive acts. Despite these limitations, we argue that it is important to publish available data on self-disclosed sexual aggression to learn more about those who are more likely to report own sexual aggression and to further improve self-report methods. Based on a self-report study conducted in a representative sample (n = 4,693) of the Belgian general population aged 16 to 69, we provide lifetime and past-year prevalence rates of sexual aggression and report the characteristics of the events, including type, target, and the applied coercion strategies. A logistic regression analysis revealed factors associated with self-disclosed sexual aggression. Almost 4% of all participants reported at least one incident of hands-on sexual aggression. Men were more likely than women to report sexual aggression (aOR: 5.33 (95% CI:3.62-7.86). Furthermore, a history of sexual victimization was associated with sexual aggression. In most cases, the target was an (ex)partner or friend. About 4 in 5 perpetrators indicated that none of the given coercion strategies (i.e., force, threat, verbal pressure, or exploiting the victim’s incapacitation or the own position of authority) applied to the incident. Further research is needed to clarify under which circumstances sexual aggression occurs and which factors increase reporting thereof.

Reoffending among child sexual offenders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dowling ◽  
Anthony Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Child Sexual Assault ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
South Wales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Child Sexual Offenders

This study examines reoffending among 1,092 male offenders proceeded against for a child sexual offence in New South Wales between 2004 and 2013, including 863 child sexual assault offenders, 196 child abuse material offenders and 33 procurement/ grooming offenders. Seven percent of child sexual offenders sexually reoffended within 10 years of their first police proceeding for a child sexual offence, while 42 percent non-sexually reoffended. Risk of sexual and non-sexual reoffending was highest in the first two years. Child sexual assault offenders were the most likely to reoffend non-sexually, while procurement/grooming offenders were the most likely to reoffend sexually. There was evidence of transition to other sexual offence types, but this varied between groups. Indigenous status, history of offending and the number of child sexual offences emerged as important predictors of reoffending, although risk profiles varied between offender types.

Male College Students Using Sexually Aggressive Strategies: Findings on the Interpersonal Relationship Profile

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 646-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Carvalho ◽  
Ana Sá
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Style ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Male College ◽  
Male College Students

Limited interpersonal skills and relationship deficits are recognized as risk factors for sexual aggression as committed by convicted sexual offenders. Yet, less severe forms of sexual aggression are frequently perpetrated by nonforensic samples, including highly educated samples. This study was aimed at characterizing a sample of male college students reporting sexually aggressive strategies as a means to initiate sexual intercourse according to a set of interpersonal relationship factors, thus extending the knowledge on the role of interpersonal dimensions to the distinct contexts of sexual violence. Three hundred eight male college students completed a web survey assessing adult attachment styles, intimacy perception, interpersonal style, and psychosocial adjustment. Findings showed that 162 students (>50%) reported to have used some form of sexually aggressive strategy against women to initiate sexual contact. After controlling for the effects of social desirability, participants reporting sexually aggressive strategies presented significantly less confidence trusting others, more lack of perceived personal validation (within relationships), a more aggressive interpersonal style, and higher levels of hostility. Findings suggest that sexual violence, as measured in the context of college samples, may have an interpersonal nature, reflecting deficient social and intimacy skills; preventive programs are thus expected to enhance interpersonal relationship strategies as well as target individuals’ perceived interpersonal vulnerability.

Evaluative Attitudes May Explain the Link Between Injunctive Norms and Sexual Aggression

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092630
Author(s):  
Chloe I. Pedneault ◽  
Kevin L. Nunes ◽  
Chantal A. Hermann ◽  
Kristen White
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Male Undergraduate ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The current study examined the extent to which evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression (i.e., positive or negative evaluative judgments about sexually aggressive behavior) mediate the association between injunctive norms (i.e., extent to which peers approve or disapprove of sexually aggressive behavior) and self-reported sexual aggression against women. Participants were 200 male undergraduate students. Approximately one in four males reported engaging in at least one sexually aggressive act since the age of 16. Participants with a history of sexual aggression also reported the highest likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior in the future. We tested two separate mediation models to examine the extent to which evaluative attitudes account for the link between injunctive norms and sexual aggression: one model with self-reported history of sexual aggression as the outcome and the other with likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior as the outcome. Results showed that more positive evaluative attitudes toward sexual aggression accounted for the association between injunctive norms and self-reported history of sexual aggression. Similarly, evaluative attitudes accounted for the link between injunctive norms and self-reported likelihood of engaging in sexually aggressive behavior in the future. Overall, these findings are consistent with theoretical and empirical explanations of sexual offending and general criminal behavior; however, this is the first study to explore the relationship between injunctive norms and evaluative attitudes in the context of explaining sexually aggressive behavior. If more rigorous research establishes a causal relationship between injunctive norms, evaluative attitudes, and sexually aggressive behavior, this would suggest that targeting these factors in prevention programs may reduce sexual aggression by male undergraduate students.

scholarly journals Narcissism and Subjective Arousal in Response to Sexual Aggression: The Mediating Role of Perceived Power

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
David Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Subjective Arousal ◽  
Perceived Power

The present research examined the associations that narcissistic personality features had with subjective arousal in response to sexually aggressive behaviors, as well as whether these associations were mediated by the power that was believed to accompany these behaviors. Participants were 221 community members (115 women, 106 men) who completed a self-report instrument that captured narcissistic admiration (an agentic form of narcissism) and narcissistic rivalry (an antagonistic form of narcissism). In addition, participants were asked to rate how powerful they would expect to feel if they actually engaged in an array of sexually aggressive behaviors (e.g., “Tying up a person during sexual intercourse against her/his will”) as well as how sexually aroused they would be by each behavior. A multilevel mediation analysis revealed that both narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry were positively associated with subjective arousal in response to sexual aggression and that these associations were mediated by the perceived power that was believed to accompany these sexually aggressive behaviors. These results suggest that perceptions of power may play an important role in the connections that narcissistic personality features have with subjective arousal in response to sexually aggressive behavior for both men and women. This discussion will focus on the implications of these results for understanding the connections between narcissism and sexual aggression in both men and women.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexual Victimization: Findings from a National Representative Sample of Belgian Adults Aged 16–69

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7360
Author(s):  
Evelyn Schapansky ◽  
Joke Depraetere ◽  
Ines Keygnaert ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
International Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Representative Sample

Sexual victimization is a major public health, judicial, and societal concern worldwide. Nationally representative and comparable studies are still lacking. We applied a broad definition of sexual violence, including hands-off and hands-on victimization, and behaviorally specific questions to assess sexual victimization. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates were obtained that are representative of the Belgian general population aged 16 to 69 with regard to sex and age. These estimates indicate that 64% experienced some form of sexual victimization in their lives, and 44% experienced some form of sexual victimization in the past 12 months. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations for sex, age, sexual orientation, the number of sexual partners, and the financial situation with sexual victimization. Furthermore, our data show that mental health is significantly worse in persons with a history of prior sexual victimization. Prevalence estimates for all forms of sexual victimization are presented and compared to other national and international studies on sexual victimization. This comparison suggests that prevalence rates may have been underestimated in extant research. The prevalence estimates obtained in this study demonstrate that all sexes and ages are affected by sexual victimization.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption among Sexual Offenders in the Context of Analysis of Forensic Psychiatric Assessments.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Juszczak ◽  
Krzysztof Korzeniewski ◽  
Piotr Oglaza ◽  
Ewelina Puchalska-Reglińska
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

Introduction: The association of alcohol use with committing sexual offences is well established. However, there are still gaps in knowledge about the mechanisms which lead to alcohol overuse and related sexual violence occurring under the influence of alcohol among this group of perpetrators. Goal: The goal of this paper is to describe characteristics of perpetrators of sexual offences with regards to their self-declared alcohol use status: “overusing” – declaring overusing alcohol, “not-overusing” – declaring not overusing alcohol, and “abstaining” – declaring abstinence from alcohol. Material and Methods: Material for this study consisted of 180 individual forensic psychiatric reports issued by the experts from the Mental Health Clinic at the 10th Military Clinical Hospital in Bydgoszcz. The reports were reviewed by the study authors. Relevant data from was extracted using the survey tool developed for the purpose of this study: “Survey of Factors Determining Sexual Criminal Behaviour” Results: Statistically significant associations between several studied variables were noted and presented in table format, see tables 1-3 for details. Conclusions: Disinhibiting effect of alcohol on sexual offending is associated with coexisting personality disorders and organic personality disorders. Perpetrators of sexual offences overusing alcohol are characterized by poor levels of social functioning and personal history of being raised in dysfunctional families with alcohol problems.

Effects of Feedback on Emotion in Hypermasculine Males

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Vass ◽  
Steven R. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Guided Imagery ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Effects Of Feedback ◽  
Personality Construct

Sexual aggression is a common problem on college campuses. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a personality construct, “hypermasculinity,” and anger on sexual aggression. One hundred and thirty-seven males completed hypermasculinity, anger, and past sexual aggression measures. The subjects who scored in the upper and lower thirds on the hypermasculinity measure were then randomly assigned to guided imagery conditions in which they received negative, neutral, or positive feedback from a woman. Analysis indicated that hypermasculine men who received negative feedback responded with more anger and less empathy than nonhypermasculine men. In addition, those who scored high on both anger and hypermasculinity measures were most likely to self-report that they had engaged in sexually aggressive acts. The results are discussed in terms of hypermasculine men’s increased risk of sexually aggressive behavior.

ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПОСТРОЕНИЯХ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ МЕТАФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ В ПСИХОЛОГИИ

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Александр Бреусенко-Кузнецов
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metaphysical Tradition ◽  
The Given

Статья посвящена проблеме восстановления искусственно прерванной метафизической традиции в отечественной персонологии. Данная проблема принадлежит областям истории психологии и психологии личности, но имеет выходы и в предметные области многих других психологических наук, в частности – клинической психологии. Указана важность соотнесения персонологических концептуализаций учёных-метафизиков с клинической практикой в процессе их опытной верификации. Проведена реконструкция и анализ взглядов на психопатологию и психотерапию представителей метафизической традиции в отечественной психологии личности. Согласно данным взглядам, суть патологии личности – в её уклонении от своего назначения, от подлинного бытия ради неподлинных, онтологически неоправданных форм жизнедеятельности. The article is devoted to the problem of restoration of artificialy interrupted metaphysical tradition in domestic personology. The given problem belongs to the areas of history of psychology and psychology of personality, but provides outcomes in subject matter of many other psychological sciences, in clinical psychology in particular. Importance of correlation between personological conceptualizations of scientists-metaphysicists and clinical practice in the process of their skilled verification is pointed out. The reconstruction and analysis of views at psychopathology and psychotherapy by representatives of metaphysical tradition in domestic psychology of personality have been made. According to the mentioned views, the essence of pathology of personality is in its evasion from the purpose, from original life for the sake of not original, ontologically unjustified forms of ability to live.

ACHIEVEMENT OF SINGAPORE'S INDEPENDENCE AND DIFFICULTIES ON THE INITIAL PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Ilyas Shakirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given

In the article considered events between 1945-1965 years in Singapore. On the ground of historical sources author of the given article learned the history of gaining independence by Singapore, as well, difficulties country carried out over 20 years

Profiles of Psychosocial and Clinical Functioning in Adolescence and Risk for Later Depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Olino ◽  
Daniel Klein ◽  
John Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background: Most studies examining predictors of onset of depression focus on variable centered regression methods that focus on effects of multiple predictors. In contrast, person-centered approaches develop profiles of factors and these profiles can be examined as predictors of onset. Here, we developed profiles of adolescent psychosocial and clinical functioning among adolescents without a history of major depression. Methods: Data come from a subsample of participants from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who completed self-report measures of functioning in adolescence and completed diagnostic and self-report measures at follow-up assessments up to approximately 15 years after baseline. Results: We identified four profiles of psychosocial and clinical functioning: Thriving; Average Functioning; Externalizing Vulnerability and Family Stress; and Internalizing Vulnerability at the baseline assessment of participants without a history of depression at the initial assessment in mid- adolescence. Classes differed in the likelihood of onset and course of depressive disorders, experience of later anxiety and substance use disorders, and psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Moreover, the predictive utility of these classes was maintained when controlling for multiple other established risk factors for depressive disorders. Conclusions: This work highlights the utility of examining multiple factors simultaneously to understand risk for depression.

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