Prevalence and correlates of loneliness in India: A systematic review

Introduction: Loneliness is a critical psychosocial problem that affects mental health and wellbeing of the individuals and communities. This systematic review synthesized the current evidence on the prevalence and correlates of loneliness from empirical studies conducted in India.Methods: Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, eight major databases and additional sources were searched. Studies were evaluated using following criteria: peer-reviewed journal articles, published in English language, presenting any quantitative form of evidence on loneliness, and studies conducted in India among the Indian population. A meta-analysis of the prevalence studies and narrative synthesis of the overall status and factors associated with loneliness were conducted.Results: Among 1290 studies, only 13 met our criteria. All the studies reported a high burden of loneliness among the participants. The pooled prevalence among 3169 participants was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18% - 63%). The burden of loneliness was higher among the elderly participants (44%, 95% CI 5% - 83%) compared to younger participants (24%, 95% CI 22% - 27%). Factors associated with loneliness included aging, family structure, marital status, religious practices, group membership, educational attainment, source and level of income, psychological attributes, and comorbid physical and mental health conditions among the affected individuals. Conclusion: This review identified and evaluated the status and severity of loneliness and its correlates, which may inform future studies examining complex psychopathological and social dynamics associated with loneliness. Lastly, the current evidence necessitates the development of multipronged interventions to address the risk factors and alleviate the burden of loneliness in India.

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Prevalence and correlates of loneliness in India: A systematic review

10.31124/advance.11533026 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Mahbub Hossain ◽

Neetu Purohit ◽

Nusrat Khan ◽

E. Lisako J. McKyer ◽

Ping Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The Elderly ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Factors Associated

Introduction: Loneliness is a critical psychosocial problem that affects mental health and wellbeing of the individuals and communities. This systematic review synthesized the current evidence on the prevalence and correlates of loneliness from empirical studies conducted in India. Methods: Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, eight major databases and additional sources were searched. Studies were evaluated using following criteria: peer-reviewed journal articles, published in English language, presenting any quantitative form of evidence on loneliness, and studies conducted in India among the Indian population. A meta-analysis of the prevalence studies and narrative synthesis of the overall status and factors associated with loneliness were conducted. Results: Among 1290 studies, only 13 met our criteria. All the studies reported a high burden of loneliness among the participants. The pooled prevalence among 3169 participants was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18% - 63%). The burden of loneliness was higher among the elderly participants (44%, 95% CI 5% - 83%) compared to younger participants (24%, 95% CI 22% - 27%). Factors associated with loneliness included aging, family structure, marital status, religious practices, group membership, educational attainment, source and level of income, psychological attributes, and comorbid physical and mental health conditions among the affected individuals. Conclusion: This review identified and evaluated the status and severity of loneliness and its correlates, which may inform future studies examining complex psychopathological and social dynamics associated with loneliness. Lastly, the current evidence necessitates the development of multipronged interventions to address the risk factors and alleviate the burden of loneliness in India.

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Prevalence and correlates of loneliness in India: A systematic review

10.31124/advance.11533026.v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Mahbub Hossain ◽

Neetu Purohit ◽

Nusrat Khan ◽

E. Lisako J. McKyer ◽

Ping Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The Elderly ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Factors Associated

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Loneliness in India: A systematic review of empirical studies

10.31124/advance.11533026.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Mahbub Hossain ◽

Neetu Purohit ◽

Nusrat Khan ◽

E. Lisako J. McKyer ◽

Ping Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Status

Introduction: Loneliness is a psychosocial problem that affects mental health and wellbeing of the individuals and communities. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the status and correlates of loneliness from empirical studies conducted in India. Methods: Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, eight major databases and additional sources were searched. Studies were evaluated using following criteria: peer-reviewed journal articles, published in English language, presenting any quantitative form of evidence on loneliness, and studies conducted in India among the Indian population. A meta-analysis of the prevalence studies and narrative synthesis of the overall status and factors associated with loneliness were conducted. Results: Among 1031 studies, only 13 met our criteria. All the studies reported a high burden of loneliness among the participants. The pooled prevalence among 3169 participants was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18% - 63%). The burden of loneliness was higher among the elderly participants (44%, 95% CI 5% - 83%) compared to younger participants (24%, 95% CI 22% - 27%). Factors associated with loneliness included aging, family structure, marital status, religious practices, group membership, educational attainment, source and level of income, psychological attributes, and comorbid physical and mental health conditions among the affected individuals. Conclusion: This review identified and evaluated the status and severity of loneliness and its correlates, which may inform future studies examining complex psychopathological and social dynamics associated with loneliness. Lastly, the current evidence necessitates the development of multipronged interventions to address the risk factors and alleviate the burden of loneliness in India.

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Loneliness in India: A systematic review of empirical studies

10.31124/advance.11533026.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Mahbub Hossain ◽

Neetu Purohit ◽

Nusrat Khan ◽

E. Lisako J. McKyer ◽

Ping Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Status

Introduction: Loneliness is a psychosocial problem that affects mental health and wellbeing of the individuals and communities. This systematic review synthesized the current evidence on the status and correlates of loneliness from empirical studies conducted in India. Methods: Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, eight major databases and additional sources were searched. Studies were evaluated using following criteria: peer-reviewed journal articles, published in English language, presenting any quantitative form of evidence on loneliness, and studies conducted in India among the Indian population. A meta-analysis of the prevalence studies and narrative synthesis of the overall status and factors associated with loneliness were conducted. Results: Among 1290 studies, only 13 met our criteria. All the studies reported a high burden of loneliness among the participants. The pooled prevalence among 3169 participants was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18% - 63%). The burden of loneliness was higher among the elderly participants (44%, 95% CI 5% - 83%) compared to younger participants (24%, 95% CI 22% - 27%). Factors associated with loneliness included aging, family structure, marital status, religious practices, group membership, educational attainment, source and level of income, psychological attributes, and comorbid physical and mental health conditions among the affected individuals. Conclusion: This review identified and evaluated the status and severity of loneliness and its correlates, which may inform future studies examining complex psychopathological and social dynamics associated with loneliness. Lastly, the current evidence necessitates the development of multipronged interventions to address the risk factors and alleviate the burden of loneliness in India.

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Web-based interventions aimed at improving the mental health effects of home caregivers for dementia: Meta-analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13415 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Feng ◽

Yinan Zhao ◽

Mingyue Hu ◽

Hengyu Hu ◽

Hui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Average Score ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Web Based ◽

Negative Results ◽

Cochrane Database ◽

The Web

BACKGROUND Dementia is one of the major cause of disability and dependency among the elderly worldwide, and there are general psychological distresses among caregivers in dementia, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. The physical and mental health of the caregiver is a prerequisite and a promise to help the elderly stay alive and promote health. Web-based interventions can provide for a more convenient and efficient support and education, OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of internet-based interventions on mental health outcomes of family caregivers with dementia, and exploring which components of the web-based interventions play an important role.which are likely to reduce caregivers’ negative outcomes associated with care. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database and CINAHL by using relevant terms such as web-based and caregiver as keywords, covering all studies published before June 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed all published abstracts, according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria ，we extracted the information about participants, interventions and results, respectively, and reviewed the quality of articles on the methods of randomized trials using the approach recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for systematic review for intervention. RESULTS A total of 815 caregivers participated in 6 articles, and 4 of the studies use depression as an outcome, according to the research after different interventions based on network after the intervention, depression scores average drop of 0.23 (95%CI -0.38 to -0.07, p<0.01), 2 studies show caregivers anxiety symptoms, the average score for anxiety dropped by 0.32 points (95% CI -0.50 to -0.14, p< 0.01), but in terms of coping, pain and stress, the web-based interventions have shown a poor effect. On the whole, the addition of professional psychological support on the basis of education can improve mental health of carers. CONCLUSIONS Internet-based interventions were generally effective in reducing anxiety and depression in dementia carers, although negative results were found in some studies. But in terms of burden and stress, further research is needed.

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Factors Associated with Disease Severity and Mortality among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.1101/2020.08.07.20166868 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vignesh Chidambaram ◽

Nyan Lynn Tun ◽

Waqas Haque ◽

Marie Gilbert Majella ◽

Ranjith Kumar Sivakumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Disease Severity ◽

English Language ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Risk Of Mortality

Background: Understanding the factors associated with disease severity and mortality in Coronavirus disease (COVID19) is imperative to effectively triage patients. We performed a systematic review to determine the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological factors associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and WHO database for English language articles from inception until May 8, 2020. We included Observational studies with direct comparison of clinical characteristics between a) patients who died and those who survived or b) patients with severe disease and those without severe disease. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two authors independently. Results: Among 15680 articles from the literature search, 109 articles were included in the analysis. The risk of mortality was higher in patients with increasing age, male gender (RR 1.45; 95%CI 1.23,1.71), dyspnea (RR 2.55; 95%CI 1.88,2.46), diabetes (RR 1.59; 95%CI 1.41,1.78), hypertension (RR 1.90; 95%CI 1.69,2.15). Congestive heart failure (OR 4.76; 95%CI 1.34,16.97), hilar lymphadenopathy (OR 8.34; 95%CI 2.57,27.08), bilateral lung involvement (OR 4.86; 95%CI 3.19,7.39) and reticular pattern (OR 5.54; 95%CI 1.24,24.67) were associated with severe disease. Clinically relevant cut-offs for leukocytosis(>10.0 x109/L), lymphopenia(< 1.1 x109/L), elevated C-reactive protein(>100mg/L), LDH(>250U/L) and D-dimer(>1mg/L) had higher odds of severe disease and greater risk of mortality. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors associated of disease severity and mortality identified in our study may assist in clinical decision-making and critical-care resource allocation for patients with COVID-19.

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Identifying Psychosocial Interventions That Improve Both Physical and Mental Health in Patients With Diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc09-1519 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 926-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

E. Harkness ◽

W. Macdonald ◽

J. Valderas ◽

P. Coventry ◽

L. Gask ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Patients With Diabetes

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Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly: A Systematic Review

Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.5334/paah.70 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Chen Xianjian ◽

Xu Datao

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Tai Chi ◽

The Elderly ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Tai Chi Chuan

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Death Anxiety in the Elderly in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Salmand ◽

10.32598/sija.16.2.862.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 151-171

Author(s):

Maliheh Khalvati ◽

◽

Masoudeh Babakhanian ◽

Mahboube Khalvati ◽

Ayub Nafei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Old Age ◽

Meaning In Life ◽

Death Anxiety ◽

Service Providers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Older Men ◽

Men And Women

Objectives: Aging is one of the most critical stages of human development that has its own characteristics and conditions. One of the most common issues in old age is the mental health whose achievement requires special attention from both health system policymakers and service providers to the elderly. Death anxiety is one of the most common mental health issues in old age, because this period is full of feelings of shortcomings and disabilities. Since death anxiety is a multidimensional factor, it is expected to affect many aspects of the elderly. The present study aims to review and analyze published studies in the field of death anxiety in the elderly in Iran. Methods & Materials: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on the studies related to the death anxiety of the elderly in Iran published in Persian from 2011 to 2019. A search was conducted in national databases, including SID, IranDoc, MagIran, IDML, and CIVILICA using the keywords: Death anxiety, elderly, and older adult. Initial search yielded 61 articles. After screening, 33 studies that met the entry and exit criteria were selected for the final review. We used Stata v. 14 and SPSS v. 22 applications to perform meta-analysis. Results: In the studies, 40.35% of the participants were older women and the rest were older men with a mean age of 67.80±6.44 years. The mean score of death anxiety was higher in men than in women, and the elderly living in nursing homes had the highest score (11.8). Studies were categorized into three sections: comparison (3 studies), intervention (11 studies), and factors affecting the death anxiety (18 studies). The results of meta-analysis showed no significant relationship between spiritual therapy and reduction of death anxiety in the elderly (P>0.05). In studies with spiritual and behavioral therapies, the heterogeneity was significant and, thus, a significant positive relationship was observed between the reduction of death anxiety and these treatments methods. Conclusion: The death anxiety level of the elderly in Iran is low. Religious beliefs, hopes for the intercession of imams and religious leaders, and hopes for freedom from the hardships of worldly life seem to have contributed to low death anxiety in Iran. Different death anxiety scores have been reported for older men and women in Iran may be due to the effect of culture, religion, and traditions, the difference in the roles of men and women, and even the expression of fear and anxiety. Most of men have less tendency to express their emotions, including fear, while women are more likely to express their feelings. Behavioral and spiritual interventions lead to a decrease in the elderly’s death anxiety through affecting their finding meaning in life.

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