scholarly journals Hidden figures: A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between local context and beliefs about the causes of unemployment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship

Public support for the welfare state is shaped by beliefs about whether recipients are deserving or not. In the case of unemployed people, beliefs about whether they are at fault for their situation or not play a central role in shaping deservingness perceptions. Political actors and lay accounts suggest that living in disadvantaged places can shape attitudes towards welfare recipients. Existing research disagrees on whether higher local unemployment improves attitudes by providing information about the labour market, or worsens them by priming fears of welfare dependency. Thus, this study investigates whether individuals living in areas with higher unemployment benefit claims are more or less likely to believe that the unemployed are responsible for their situation. I innovate using a large sample of longitudinal data from the British Election Study to investigate the role of measuring unemployment benefit claims at multiple spatial scales, and over time. The results provide little evidence of a relationship between local unemployment and beliefs about the causes of unemployment, especially among affluent people. These findings challenge claims that antipathy towards unemployment benefits is shaped by exposure to unemployed people and undermine arguments that spatial segregation by income leads to decreased solidarity with the unemployed.

Support for conditional unemployment benefit in European countries: The role of income inequality

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-514
Author(s):  
Renzo Carriero ◽  
Marianna Filandri
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Values ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
The Unemployed

This article investigates attitudes towards the conditionality of benefits targeted to a specific needy group, the unemployed, and analyses their relationship with the structure of income inequality. The focus is on the deservingness of welfare recipients. The public seems to use five criteria to define deservingness and, consequently, the conditionality to which public support is subjected: need, attitude (i.e. gratefulness), control (over neediness), reciprocity (of giving and receiving) and identity, that is the similarity or proximity between the providers of public support (the taxpayers) and the people who should receive it. People’s willingness to help depends on how close they consider benefit recipients to be to themselves (i.e. the extent to which they belong to the same in-group). The identity criterion is the main object of our investigation. We argue that the operation of this criterion at the micro-level can be affected by macro-level variables. Specifically, we focus on different measures of the structure of income inequality which are indicators of the social distance between welfare recipients and taxpayers. Based on data from three waves of the European Values Study (1990–2008) collected in 30 countries, the study offers a comparative and longitudinal analysis. The picture emerging from the within-country analysis – which removed much of the between-country heterogeneity − shows that when the social distance grows, it is more difficult for the majority of citizens (upper and middle classes) to identify with the unemployed.

The broken link – do trade unions represent the interests of the unemployed?: Evidence from the UK, Germany and Denmark within the framework of the European Employment Strategy

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Albrechtsen
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship

According to the traditional view, the interests of the unemployed and the employed are supposed to follow a unifying logic, due to the threat of high unemployment to job security, wages and working conditions. However, due to labour markets becoming increasingly segmented and knowledge-based, it may be questioned to what extent the traditional link between the employed and the unemployed still holds, leading to a possible division of the labour force into a core group of those with basically secure jobs, and several peripheral groups subject to job insecurity and social exclusion. In this context, it seems relevant to analyse the relationship between the interests of the employed and unemployed, including the role of trade unions as having their own organisational interest. For this purpose, this paper includes an examination of new statistical evidence on the behaviour of employed and unemployed people with regard to trade union membership.

‘This Romish business’ - Ritual Innovation and Parish Life in Later Nineteenth-Century Lincolnshire

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 384-395
Author(s):  
R. W. Ambler
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Mixing Water

In February 1889 Edward King, Bishop of Lincoln, appeared before the court of the Archbishop of Canterbury charged with illegal practices in worship. The immediate occasion for these proceedings was the manner in which he celebrated Holy Communion at the Lincoln parish church of St Peter at Gowts on Sunday 4 December 1887. He was cited on six specific charges: the use of lighted candles on the altar; mixing water with the communion wine; adopting an eastward-facing position with his back to the congregation during the consecration; permitting the Agnus Dei to be sung after the consecration; making the sign of the cross at the absolution and benediction, and taking part in ablution by pouring water and wine into the chalice and paten after communion. Two Sundays later King had repeated some of these acts during a service at Lincoln Cathedral. As well as its intrinsic importance in defining the legality of the acts with which he was charged, the Bishop’s trial raised issues of considerable importance relating to the nature and exercise of authority within the Church of England and its relationship with the state. The acts for which King was tried had a further significance since the ways in which these and other innovations in worship were perceived, as well as the spirit in which they were ventured, also reflected the fundamental shifts which were taking place in the role of the Church of England at parish level in the second half of the nineteenth century. Their study in a local context such as Lincolnshire, part of King’s diocese, provides the opportunity to examine the relationship between changes in worship and developments in parish life in the period.

scholarly journals Emotional Compliance and Emotion as Resistance: Shame and Anger among the Long-Term Unemployed

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Peterie ◽  
Gaby Ramia ◽  
Greg Marston ◽  
Roger Patulny
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Sociology Of Emotions ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Everyday Resistance ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Emotional Resistance ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Important Form

Contemporary governments employ a range of policy tools to ‘activate’ the unemployed to look for work. Framing unemployment as a consequence of personal shortcoming, these policies incentivise the unemployed to become ‘productive’ members of society. While Foucault’s governmentality framework has been used to foreground the operation of power within these policies, ‘job-seeker’ resistance has received less attention. In particular, forms of emotional resistance have rarely been studied. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 80 unemployed welfare recipients in Australia, this article shows that many unemployed people internalise activation’s discourses of personal failure, experiencing shame and worthlessness as a result. It also reveals, however, that a significant minority reject this framing and the ‘feeling rules’ it implies, expressing not shame but anger regarding their circumstances. Bringing together insights from resistance studies and the sociology of emotions, this article argues that ‘job-seeker’ anger should be recognised as an important form of ‘everyday resistance’.

The impact of unemployment insurance on employment norms and income levels: the inevitable drift into 'reduced activity'

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-611
Author(s):  
Carole Tuchszirer
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Pay ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this article is to analyse a specific set of support instruments for the unemployed, namely those introduced in 1986 by the bipartite French unemployment insurance fund (UNEDIC) for those in casual employment. Under the new scheme, unemployed people were able to combine a limited income from casual employment with a part of their unemployment benefit, for a period of up to 18 months. Based on the dubious assumption that even precarious employment is better than full-time unemployment, this opportunity was designed to induce the unemployed to take up employment of any kind. The article considers in detail the economic and social context prevailing prior to the introduction of these measures, concluding that precarious, casual employment far from serves as a springboard to permanent employment, but that, on the contrary, it may lead an increasing number of people into underemployment and low-pay traps.

Research and Policy Making: Fields Apart in a Complex World?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-405
Author(s):  
Mariano Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Revolving Doors ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Evolution Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship

The debate about how to influence policy and how useful policy is for decision-makers is related to the evolution, dynamics and interaction among ways to do politics; the role of the state; the role of different social and political actors; the relationship between public and private approaches to academia; and the influence of communications technologies. These are the actors and factors that operate in the complex reality of international politics. The speed of modern politics and the role of media pundits work against the long-term academic perspective. Fastness and complexity, superficiality and deepness compete in the policy-making field creating gaps, revolving doors and competition.

scholarly journals Mediators of Differences Between Employed and Unemployed in Life Satisfaction and Emotional Well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Fors Connolly ◽  
Tommy Gärling
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Satisfaction ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevious research has shown that the unemployed has lower life satisfaction than the employed but that their emotional well-being may not differ. The aim is to investigate the role of mediators with bearings on these differences between the employed and unemployed in emotional well-being compared to life satisfaction. Participants were 3,463 employed and 452 unemployed living in five Western countries. They answered questions in an online survey. The results showed that the employed had both higher life satisfaction and emotional well-being. Mediation analysis replicated previous results in that the relationship between unemployment and life satisfaction was mediated by financial satisfaction. The relationship with emotional well-being was mediated by satisfaction with time use which was higher for the employed than the unemployed. Financial satisfaction was also a mediator of the relationship with emotional well-being, both directly and through satisfaction with time use. Although the unemployed felt lower time pressure than the employed, this factor was not a strong mediator of the relationship with emotional well-being, neither directly nor through satisfaction with time use. A possible explanation for the differences in the results for emotional well-being is that a negative mood is less associated with work than found in previous research.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Innovation and Active Mobility Public Services

2020 ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Silvia Cruz ◽  
Sonia Paulino
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to discuss the relationship between social innovation and public services on active mobility. Two active mobility initiatives are considered in the city of São Paulo, and analyzed based on 11 variables that characterize social innovation. Through the mapping of recent Brazilian regulatory frameworks for active mobility and a low-carbon economy, we can propose the following relationship: the more local (municipal) the public policy, the greater its social influence and participation. However, despite the advances indicated by both experiences of active mobility analyzed (highlighting the role of organized civil society), and by the progress in the regulatory framework, until now innovative practices in the local context have been restricted to the treatment of pedestrian spaces. Therefore, there exists a great potential for the continued introduction of innovations in the improvement and scale of public services for pedestrian mobility, following the paradigm of sustainable urban mobility, and based on social participation.

Quality of Government and Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
pp. 398-426
Author(s):  
Marina Povitkina ◽  
Simon Matti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Environmental Public Goods ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research on the relationship between quality of government (QoG) and environmental sustainability is scant, scattered across different disciplines, and is characterized by a disconnect between studies focusing on the effects of QoG on the micro level (individual behavior) and micro level (country policies and actions). The chapter synthesizes the different literatures on the connection between various elements of QoG, such as low levels of corruption, bureaucratic capacity, and rule of law, on the one hand, and environmental sustainability on the other hand. On the macro level, it theorizes the role of QoG in securing governments’ production of environmental public goods. On the micro level, the chapter discusses how QoG can shape cooperation in collective action dilemmas over natural resource use, as well as how it contributes to generating public support of and compliance with environmental policies.

Cities of unemployment

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-62
Author(s):  
Magnus Paulsen Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Political Actors ◽  
Moral Subject ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The City ◽  
Normative Foundations

Chapter 3 presents the mapping of seven cities of unemployment that political actors in the four reform processes in France and Denmark have mobilised. These are the city of Demand, Redistribution, Insurance, Incentives, Investment, Activity, and the Paternal city. The cities provide the typology that is used in part II to analyse the disputes and compromises in the reform processes. The presentation of each city is structured around four key dimensions. Firstly, the overall principle and normative foundations of a city. Secondly, how the city qualifies the reality of unemployment and how policies are ‘put to the test’. Thirdly, the role of governing in the city is presented, i.e. what does it take to govern best and what kind of governing should be avoided, and when is it necessary (and legitimate) to use means of coercion? Lastly, the implications of being unemployed in each city. In other words, what characterises the unemployed moral subject and what makes the unemployed more or less worthy?

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