scholarly journals Effect of some wild egyptian medicinal plants on HAV

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Wafaa Kamal Taia ◽  
Ahmed Adel Helme Zayed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pcr Techniques ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Folk Egyptian medicine considered from the most important source of the use of wild plants in medication. Wild plants are considered a perfect source of natural compounds that have been used as antimicrobial andante virus activities. Aims and Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the commonly used wild plants in the treatment of jaundice and they effect on HAV. This article provides much-needed insight into the effect of wild plants on the hepatitis A virus to shed more light on the important subject, which is unfortunately poorly investigated. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, the aqueous plant extracts of twenty-five wild Egyptian species, 16 perennials, and 9 annuals; three concentrations, 1%, 3% & 5%; were tested for HAV replication by using PA and PCR techniques. Questionnaires and interviews with Bedouins have been carried to know the most used species in the treatment of jaundice, and the usage values were calculated. Those species were collected from their habitats, rare ones purchased and reviewed their identifications and used in this work. Fecal and blood samples were taken from 9-10Y old patients, 35 girls and 25 boys. Results: The PA test revealed that 16 species out of twenty-five gave positive results, while the rest of the species gave negative results on Vero cells. Twelve of the sixteen species were perennial species, and the rest are annuals. The Plaque assay results showed that the most effective aqueous extract species, with the three concentrations, on HAV activity were those of Salvia verbennaca, Mentha microphylla, Ocimum basilicum, Cassia senna, Solenostemma argel, and Thymus capitatus, respectively. PCR test has been carried for the first three species and gave very faint nucleic acid tapes, which means that the plant extract of these species, the three concentrations, minimize the virus activity by a way or another. Samples from the patients tested for the antibodies for IgM and IgG using the ELISA test. Within both the females (58%) and males (42%), 6% have positive antibodies for IgM, while 36% in females and 34% in males’ have positive antibodies for IgG and 8% females and 10% males have both antibodies (IgM & IgG). Conclusion: Wild plants, especially those with essential oils can tolerate the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) activity and reduce its symptoms.

BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISKS FOR OVER 35-YEAR-OLD PATIENTS AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTS WITH HEPATITIS A VIRUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2749-2754
Author(s):  
Luminita Gina Vata ◽  
Andrei Vata ◽  
Carmen Manciuc ◽  
Carmen Dorobat ◽  
Catalina Mihaela Luca
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Old Patients

Survival of Hepatitis A Virus in Spinach during Low Temperature Storage

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2390-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. CAROL SHIEH ◽  
DIANA S. STEWART ◽  
DAVID T. LAIRD
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Inactivation Rate ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Temperature Storage ◽  
Spinach Leaves

Spinach leaves are frequently consumed raw and have been involved with past foodborne outbreaks. In this study, we examined the survival of hepatitis A virus (HAV) on fresh spinach leaves in moisture- and gas-permeable packages that were stored at 5.4 ± 1.2°C for up to 42 days. Different eluents including phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.5 (with and without 2% serum), and 3% beef extract (pH 7.5 and 8) were compared for how efficiently they recovered viruses from spinach by using a simple elution procedure (<1 h). The recoveries were compared and determined by a plaque assay with FRhK-4 cells. Culture grade PBS containing 2% serum was found to be appropriate for HAV elution from spinach leaves, with an average recovery of 45% ± 10%. Over 4 weeks of storage at 5.4 ± 1.2°C, HAV in spinach decreased slightly more than 1 log, with 6.75% of the original titer remaining. HAV survived under refrigerated temperatures on spinach leaves with a D-value of 28.6 days (equivalent to an inactivation rate of 20.035 log of HAV per day, r2 = 0.88). In comparison, HAV in PBS containing 2% serum under the same storage conditions remained constant throughout 7 weeks. The inactivation rate of 20.035 log each day for HAV on spinach leaves was possibly due to the interaction of the virus and the leaf.

scholarly journals Propagation of Hepatitis A Virus in Hybrid Cell Lines Derived from Marmoset Liver and Vero Cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2487-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ashida ◽  
H. Hara ◽  
H. Kojima ◽  
T. Kamimura ◽  
F. Ichida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Hybrid Cell Lines

Development of a plaque assay for a cytopathic, rapidly replicating isolate of hepatitis A virus

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Cromeans ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey ◽  
Howard A. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay

Multiple Factors Contribute to Positive Results for Hepatitis A Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibody

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Alatoom ◽  
M. Qasim Ansari ◽  
Jennifer Cuthbert
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Order Entry ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Positive Results

Context.—In the United States, a successful vaccination program for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has decreased both its incidence and the true positive rate for diagnostic immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to HAV in acute hepatitis. Objective.—To survey positive results of HAV IgM tests and determine the effect of changing ordering options. Design.—We reviewed all positive results for IgM antibody to HAV between January 2007 and December 2010. Patient demographics, clinical history, and laboratory data were recorded and the encounter, order, and reason for test reviewed. Each result was categorized as indicating acute, recent, resolved, or indeterminate HAV infection. Results.—A total of 10 735 tests were performed; 35 patients had 49 positive results. Most positive test results were associated with outpatient visits and were ordered in the assessment of patients with liver disease, but not clinical acute hepatitis. In the final analysis, 4 patients had acute hepatitis A and 20 individual patients had recent and/or resolved hepatitis. All but 1 of the remaining 11 patients had another established cause of liver disease with a positive IgM HAV antibody test result; data to determine causality were insufficient. The total number of tests requested annually decreased more than 35% with the introduction of computerized physician order entry. Conclusions.—Current assays for IgM HAV antibodies are overused in the absence of clinical acute hepatitis; future clinical decision support may improve patterns of order entry. Most patients have findings consistent with HAV exposure but not acute hepatitis; dormant viral infection may be a continuing source of antigen.

Concentration of Hepatitis a Virus in Environmental Samples

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bosch ◽  
R. Gajardo ◽  
F. X. Abad ◽  
J. M. Diez ◽  
J. Jofre
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Filter Aid ◽  
Treatment Concentration ◽  
Positively Charged

The cytopathogenic pHM-175 strain of hepatitis A virus was used to develop different procedures for the concentration of HAV in tap water, fresh water, seawater and raw sewage, HAV was quantified by a plaque assay in the FRhK-4 cell line. Water samples were concentrated by a modification of the adsorption to and elution from glass powder (GPAE) method, by adsorption to and elution from filter aid, and by ammonium sulfate flocculation (ASF). The GPAE method consistently yielded greater HAV recoveries than filtration through filter aid, or ASF. HAV was concentrated by GPAE from 20-litre samples with satisfactory efficiencies in all kinds of water: 100% for tap water, 80% for freshwater, 75% for seawater and 61% for sewage. Concentration efficiencies for filter aid and ASF were always lower than 25% and 40%, respectively, in any kind of water. The charge of glass powder was modified by polyethylenimine treatment. Concentration efficiencies of HAV in 20 1 samples through adsorption to and elution from positively charged glass powder (PGPAE) were 100% for tap water, 94% for seawater, and 61% for freshwater and sewage. The presence of wild-type HAV in sewage samples could be monitored by molecular hybridization with cDNA probes after GPAE concentration.

scholarly journals False Positive Anti-Hepatitis A Virus IgM Result in a Patient with Autoimmune Hepatitis

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Gray ◽  
Urs P. Steinbrecher
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Positive Test Result ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Diagnostic Confusion ◽  
Immunoglobulin Levels ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Test Result

This report describes a patient with autoimmune hepatitis in whom a positive test result for hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibody led to diagnostic confusion until it was shown to be false positive by immunoprecipitation of IgG from serum. The mechanism for the false positive result may have been related to marked hypergammaglobulinemia, as serum obtained after normalization of immunoglobulin levels tested negative. However, several other mechanisms were also considered. This case illustrates that the possibility of false positive results with the anti-HAV lgM assay should be kept in mind when the clinical features of the illness are not suggestive of acute hepatitis A.

scholarly journals Use of sensitivity analysis to assess the effects on anti-hepatitis A virus antibodies of access to household water supply

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. B. CABRAL ◽  
R. R. LUIZ
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Unmeasured Confounder ◽  
External Adjustment ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of a possible unmeasured confounding variable in a previously published association between the effects of household water supply and positive results for hepatitis A serology. This was estimated using a path of integration between two methods of sensitivity analysis, called Rosenbaum's method and Greenland's external adjustment. The association between household water supply and positive results for hepatitis A (outcome) serology was insensitive to confounding unless the odds ratio for the association between the confounder and the outcome was ⩾4. The integration of the two sensitivity analysis methods presented proved useful when assessing the effects of a potential unmeasured confounder.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A Virus Survival on Drug Paraphernalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s248-s248
Author(s):  
Magdalena Medrzycki ◽  
Michael A. Purdy
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Drug Paraphernalia ◽  
Liquid Suspensions

Background: The ongoing hepatitis A outbreak in the United States has concerned public health authorities since March 2017. The outbreak has already spread throughout 30 states and includes primarily homeless individuals and persons who use drugs, including persons who inject drugs (PWIDs). Contaminated drug injection paraphernalia and sharing of these items are suspected to be one of multiple causes of hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission in those populations. Methods: We used a standard plaque assay to investigate HAV infectivity. Liquid suspensions of HAV were tested to examine the effects of time and temperature on viral infectivity. We also examined HAV survival on commonly used drug paraphernalia, such as needles, syringes, cookers, tourniquets, and cotton balls/filters frequently shared among PWIDs. We investigated the effect of low pH on HAV survival using citric acid, which is frequently used by PWIDs during dose preparation. We also compared the plaque assay results with those concurrently obtained by RT-PCR to establish whether viral HAV RNA levels could be used as surrogates for plaque assay results. Results: We found that HAV suspended in PBS at room temperature was able to infect FRhk4 cells for >17 weeks. HAV remained viable in syringes and needles (ie, semidry conditions) for up to 10 weeks depending on the size of the needles and the syringe dead volume. HAV survival in dry conditions on cooker, tourniquet, and cotton balls/filter surfaces did not exceed 4 weeks. HAV retained its infectivity for >10 weeks at pH as low as 2. PCR results suggest that RNA is amplified from both infectious and noninfectious HAV. Conclusions: Our findings show that HAV can survive and remain infective in the PWID setting for 4–10 weeks depending on the type of paraphernalia examined. These findings suggest that sharing drug paraphernalia by the homeless and PWIDs can potentially facilitate the transmission of HAV within these populations. Moreover, our results confirm that the plaque assay is currently the only reliable method to determine the infectivity of HAV in vitro.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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