scholarly journals Feasibility of real time PCR over cell culture in diagnosis of influenza virus infection: an experience of rade I viral diagnostic laboratory of developing country

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Bhawana Jain ◽  
Ajay Kr Singh ◽  
Tanushree Dangi ◽  
Anil Kr Verma ◽  
Mukesh Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Viral Culture

Introduction: In spite of the discovery of viral culture technology about a century ago, its application in diagnostic labs is being used since 1970s. It served as the "gold standard" for virus detection for long. In recent years, rapid, technically less challenging, sensitive and highly specific viral identification is possible by molecular tools. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of real time PCR over virus culture in diagnosis of Influenza virus infections, the biggest viral challenge of present India, a developing country, so that prompt and correct diagnosis can help physicians as well as the policy makers to control the virus spread. Objective: To study the feasibility of real time PCR vis a vis viral culture technique and evaluate the utility of these methods for laboratory diagnosis of Influenza virus infections. Methodology: The study was conducted in Grade I Virology Diagnostic laboratory, Dept of Microbiology, KGMU, Lucknow. We used both real time RT-PCR and viral culture methods (on MDCK cell lines) for detection of Influenza virus infection and compared the effect of transport time, cost per sample and turnaround time on both the techniques. Results & Conclusion: Real time PCR is more practical, more sensitive, quicker and cost effective. It needs less expertise and availability of reagents is better. Though viral culture proved to be highly specific and useful for wide application but the use should currently be limited to mostly research facilities. Therefore for epidemiological diagnosis purposes real time PCR detection of Influenza virus is advised.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9860Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 2(1): 97-102

Fatal pneumonia due to influenza virus infection diagnosed by conventional and real-time PCR from blood postmortem specimen

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Terezinha Maria de Paiva ◽  
Fabiano Saggioro ◽  
Cecília Luiza Simões Santos ◽  
Denise Hage Russo ◽  
Akemi Susuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection

scholarly journals Protection against Influenza Virus Infection of Mice Fed Bifidobacterium breve YIT4064

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisako Yasui ◽  
Junko Kiyoshima ◽  
Tetuji Hori ◽  
Kan Shida
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Specific Igg

ABSTRACT Mice fed Bifidobacterium breve YIT4064 and immunized orally with influenza virus were more strongly protected against influenza virus infection of the lower respiratory tract than ones immunized with influenza virus only. The number of mice with enhanced anti-influenza virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum upon oral administration of B. breve YIT4064 and oral immunization with influenza virus was significantly greater than that upon oral immunization with influenza virus only. These findings demonstrated that the oral administration of B. breve YIT4064 increased anti-influenza virus IgG antibodies in serum and protected against influenza virus infection. The oral administration of B. breve YIT4064 may enhance antigen-specific IgG against various pathogenic antigens taken orally and induce protection against various virus infections.

scholarly journals Influenza A Virus Vaccination: Immunity, Protection, and Recent Advances Toward A Universal Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Lopez ◽  
Kevin L. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Universal Vaccine

Influenza virus infections represent a serious public health threat and account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. Despite being an important countermeasure to combat influenza virus and being highly efficacious when matched to circulating influenza viruses, current preventative strategies of vaccination against influenza virus often provide incomplete protection due the continuous antigenic drift/shift of circulating strains of influenza virus. Prevention and control of influenza virus infection with vaccines is dependent on the host immune response induced by vaccination and the various vaccine platforms induce different components of the local and systemic immune response. This review focuses on the immune basis of current (inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV)) as well as novel vaccine platforms against influenza virus. Particular emphasis will be placed on how each platform induces cross-protection against heterologous influenza viruses, as well as how this immunity compares to and contrasts from the “gold standard” of immunity generated by natural influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial morphodynamics alteration induced by influenza virus infection as a new antiviral strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009340
Author(s):  
Irene Pila-Castellanos ◽  
Diana Molino ◽  
Joe McKellar ◽  
Laetitia Lines ◽  
Juliane Da Graca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Contact Sites ◽  
Virus Trafficking ◽  
Influenza Viral Infection

Influenza virus infections are major public health threats due to their high rates of morbidity and mortality. Upon influenza virus entry, host cells experience modifications of endomembranes, including those used for virus trafficking and replication. Here we report that influenza virus infection modifies mitochondrial morphodynamics by promoting mitochondria elongation and altering endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering in host cells. Expression of the viral RNA recapitulates these modifications inside cells. Virus induced mitochondria hyper-elongation was promoted by fission associated protein DRP1 relocalization to the cytosol, enhancing a pro-fusion status. We show that altering mitochondrial hyper-fusion with Mito-C, a novel pro-fission compound, not only restores mitochondrial morphodynamics and endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites but also dramatically reduces influenza replication. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed Mito-C antiviral property is directly connected with the innate immunity signaling RIG-I complex at mitochondria. Our data highlight the importance of a functional interchange between mitochondrial morphodynamics and innate immunity machineries in the context of influenza viral infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of Four Clinical Specimen Types for Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses by Optical Immunoassay (FLU OIA Test) and Cell Culture Methods

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 3971-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi A. Covalciuc ◽  
Kenneth H. Webb ◽  
Curtis A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
The Impact

Although laboratory diagnosis of respiratory viruses has been widely studied, there is a relative insufficiency of literature examining the impact of specimen type on the laboratory diagnosis of influenza A and B. In a clinical study comparing the FLU OIA test with 14-day cell culture, clinical specimens from nasopharyngeal swabs, throat swabs, nasal aspirates, and sputum were obtained from patients experiencing influenza-like symptoms. A total of 404 clinical specimens were collected from 184 patients. Patients were defined as influenza positive if the viral culture of a specimen from any sample site was positive. Patients were defined as influenza negative if the viral cultures of specimens from all sample sites were negative. By this gold standard, culture and FLU OIA test results for each sample type were compared. For each of the four specimen types, the viral culture and FLU OIA test demonstrated equal abilities to detect the presence of influenza A or B virus or viral antigen. Sputum and nasal aspirate samples were the most predictive of influenza virus infection. Throat swabs were the least predictive of influenza virus infection, with both tests failing to detect influenza virus in nearly 50% of the throat samples studied.

scholarly journals Quantifying homologous and heterologous antibody titre rises after influenza virus infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2306-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. FREEMAN ◽  
R. A. P. M. PERERA ◽  
E. NGAN ◽  
V. J. FANG ◽  
S. CAUCHEMEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Antibody Titres

SUMMARYMost influenza virus infections are associated with mild disease. One approach to estimate the occurrence of influenza virus infections in individuals is via repeated measurement of humoral antibody titres. We used baseline and convalescent antibody titres measured by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and viral neutralization (VN) assays against influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B viruses to investigate the characteristics of antibody rises following virologically confirmed influenza virus infections in participants in a community-based study. Multivariate models were fitted in a Bayesian framework to characterize the distribution of changes in antibody titres following influenza A virus infections. In 122 participants with PCR-confirmed influenza A virus infection, homologous antibody titres rose by geometric means of 1·2- to 10·2-fold after infection with A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09. Significant cross-reactions were observed between A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal A(H1N1). Antibody titre rises for some subtypes and assays varied by age, receipt of oseltamivir treatment, and recent receipt of influenza vaccination. In conclusion, we provided a quantitative description of the mean and variation in rises in influenza virus antibody titres following influenza virus infection. The multivariate patterns in boosting of antibody titres following influenza virus infection could be taken into account to improve estimates of cumulative incidence of infection in seroepidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Visualizing real-time influenza virus infection, transmission and protection in ferrets

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Karlsson ◽  
Victoria A. Meliopoulos ◽  
Chandra Savage ◽  
Brandi Livingston ◽  
Andrew Mehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Infection Transmission
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