scholarly journals Karyotypic Analysis of four Species of Genus Blumea (Asteraceae) from Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Pushpa Karna Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Satellite Chromosome ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
Blumea Lacera

In this study chromosome number determination and karyotype analysis of four species of genus Blumea from the family asteraceae was carried out. The specimen plants were collected from central parts of Nepal, namely  Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz, Blumea lacera var.glandulosa (DC.) Hook, Blumea lacera (Buem f.) DC. and  Blumea laciniata DC were observed. The chromosome number in somatic cells were recorded to be 2n= 22 in Blumea fistulosa; 2n= 32 in  Blumea lacera var.glandulosa; 2n=18 in Blumea lacera and Blumea laciniata. The range of chromosome length found to be 0.6 to 1.6 µm in  Blumea fistulosa, 0.6 to 1.6µm in Blumea lacera var.glandulosa, 0.6 to 1.7 µm in Blumea lacera and 0.8 to 1.6 µm in Blumea laciniata. Karyotype formula for Blumea fistulosa is M12+ sm10, for Blumea lacera var. glandulosa is M14+sm14+ st4, for Blumea lacera is M14+ st2  and for Blumea laciniata is M12+ sm6 in  Blumea laciniata. In this investigation a pair of satellite chromosome found in  only one species Blumea  fistulosa at the end of shot arm of chromosome. Mainly three types of chromosomes observed in this study  having centromere at middle point, at sub-median region and at sub-terminal region. Numerical and structural variation in chromosome are evolutionary significance.  Similarity in size of chromosomes and karyomorphology indicates the homogeneity of the taxa within this tribe. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 115-121

Redescription of the karyotype of five species of the family Bufonidae (Amphibia: Anura) from central area of Argentina

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Baraquet ◽  
Julián Valetti ◽  
Nancy Salas ◽  
Adolfo Martino
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotype Formula

AbstractIn this study karyotypic features of the five species of the family Bufonidae from the central area of Argentina are described. The species are Rhinella achalensis, Rhinella arenarum, Rhinella fernandezae, Rhinella schneideri and Melanophryniscus stelzneri. The metaphases were obtained from intestinal and testis cells, using conventional techniques. Twenty metaphasic figures per individual were analyzed and the total length of each chromosome and the length of the four arms were measured. The obtained measurements were processed using Excel 2000 to obtain the average length of the arms p and q, the arm ratio, the centromeric index, the relative chromosome length and the relative arm length. All species showed karyotype 2n = 22, and karyotype formula of 6: 5. Pairs one to six were large, with a relative chromosome length between 18.64–7.59%; pairs seven to eleven were small, with a relative chromosome length between 7.18–2.42%. In all species the chromosome morphology was metacentric or submetacentric. Karyotype and ideograms were made for all species, based on morphometric parameters of the chromosome complement. Finally, discriminant analysis was used to separate the five species analyzed, with a highly significant classification rate of 80% and P < 0.0001. These results agree, in general, with those presented by other authors, however, in M. stelzneri detailed karyological studied have not been made so far, thus this work represents a significant contribution to the karyotypic decryption features of this species and the Rhinellla species from central area of Argentina.

scholarly journals Chromosome counts of eight Iranian endemic species of Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae)

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Maryam Hasaninejad ◽  
Ziba Jamzad ◽  
Saeid Afsharzadeh ◽  
HojJatollah Saeidi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Karyotypic Diversity ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
First Time

In this survey, the chromosome counts of eight Nepeta L. species were investigated and the karyotypic diversity among these species was studied. The examined species belong to N. cephalotes Boiss. species group, namely N. eremokosmos Rech.f., N. gloeocephala Rech. f., cephalotes Boiss., N. pungens (Bunge) Benth., N. ispahanica Boiss., N. mahanensis Jamzad & Simonds, N. hormozganica Jamzad and N. denudata Benth. collected from different habitats in Iran. The ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, several karyotype asymmetries values and Stebbins classification were determined in this study. Results showed the same chromosome number, 2n = 2x= 18 for all studied species. The basic chromosome number for the above mentioned species are x = 9. Also, the smallest chromosome length is 1.02 μm in N. mahanensis. The largest chromosome length is 2.3 μm in N. ispahanica. The chromosomes of species were metacentric or submetacentric. According to the Stebbins classification, these species were located into three classes 1A, 2A and 3A. The chromosome numbers for six of studied species are reported here for the first time.

scholarly journals Check-list of chromosome numbers of the family Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) with new data on Circassina frutis

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Nana Bakhtadze ◽  
Nino Gabroshvili ◽  
Levan Mumladze ◽  
Nino Gabroshvili
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Haploid Number ◽  
Check List ◽  
Fundamental Number ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
First Time

Chromosome number data on the Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) are summarized and reviewed briefly in the context of the phylogeny of the family. In hygromiids, the haploid chromosome numbers range from 21 to 26. It is supposed that n = 21 is the ancestral chromosome number in the family. The modal haploid number for Hygromiidae is 23. Description of karyotype in terms of chromosome number and morphology of hygromiid land snail Circassina frutis is provided for the first time. The diploid chromosome number of this species is 2n = 46. The karyotype is symmetric and consists of 21 pairs of metacentric and 2 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotype formula is as follows: 2n = 42m + 4sm (n = 21m + 2sm). The fundamental number (FN) is 92. Chromosomes range in length from 2.53 &mu;m for the smallest pair to 6.00 &mu;m for the largest pair. The total length of chromosomes in diploid complement (TCL) is 170.40 &plusmn; 3.22 &mu;m.

scholarly journals Cytological Studies on Two Species, Xanthium strumarium Linn. and Bidens pilosa Linn. Var. minor (Blume) Sherff (Asteraceae-Heliantheae) from Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Pushpa Karna
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Median Region ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
Median Point

Karyotype, meiosis and pollen stainability of the taxa Bidens pilosa L. var. minor (Blume) Sherff and Xanthium strumarium L. collected from central part of Nepal was cytologically carried out. Results obtained from this investigation showed that chromosome number in somatic cells were recorded to be 2n=36 in Bidens pilosa and 2n=32 in Xanthium strumarium using aceto-orceine squash technique. Likewise haploid chromosome number in reproductive cells were recorded to be n=18 in Bidens pilosa and n=16 in Xanthium strumarium using aceto-carmine squash technique. The range of chromosome length found to be 0.4 to 2.1 µm in Bidens pilosa and 0.4 to 1.6 µm in Xanthium strumarium. Karyotype formula was M16+m2+sm14+st4 for Bidens pilosa and M18+ sm12+st2 for Xanthium strumarium. Based on the position of the centromeres, the chromosomes were categorized into four types with centromere at median point, median region, sub median region and terminal region in Bidens pilosa whereas three types, namely chromosomes with centromere at median point, sub median region and sub terminal region in Xanthium strumarium . In Bidens pilosa karyotype is asymmetrical and slightly asymmetrical karyotype is found in Xanthium strumarium. Absolute length recorded in Bidens pilosa were 19.2µm and 15.8. µm in Xanthium strumarium . Pollen stainability is found to be 94.0 percent in Bidens pilosa and 92.7 percent in Xanthium strumarium.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 66-71

scholarly journals Karyomorphology, Meiotic Behaviours and Pollen Fertility of Calendula officinalis L. (Calenduleae- Asteraceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Pushpa Karna Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Median Region ◽  
Absolute Length

The present study includes chromosome number, karyomorphology, meiotic behaviors and pollen fertility of   the species Calendula officinalis L.collected from central Nepal was cytologically carried out using two percent aceto-orcein for somatic chromosome determination and one percent aceto-carmine for meiotic study. Pollen fertility was based on stainability test using Muntzing solution. Somatic chromosome number determined for this taxon were 2n=28, haploid chromosome number n=14 and pollen fertility found to be 84.4 percent in the   present study. In karyotype analysis chromosome length ranged from 0.4 to 2.6 µm and mean length was 1.5 µm.  Likewise, absolute length found to be 21.9 µm and karyotype formula obtained was M16+m4+ sm8. Three types of chromosomes centromere at middle point, at median region and at sub –median region were observed. Meiosis with regular and irregular behaviors was observed in this study. The variations in chromosome numbers, irregularities in meiotic behaviors, variations in karyomorphological structure and high fertility rate shows evolve nature of this species which play a great role in evolution. Pollen fertility was also affected by meiotic abnormalities.  Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 75-79

scholarly journals Chromosome and pollen morphology of the rare endemic Centaurae lycopifolia Boiss. & Kotschy

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
AN Gomurgen ◽  
I Potoglu Erkara ◽  
H Altnozlu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Karyotype Formula ◽  
Rare Endemic ◽  
Haploid Karyotype ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chromosome and pollen morphology of Centaurea lycopifolia Boiss. & Kotschy were studied. The chromosome number is 2n = 34 with haploid karyotype formula 9m + 9sm. Metaphase chromosome length ranging from 6.16 to 2.23 μm and the total haploid chromosome length was 65, 85 μm. The light and scanning electron microscope investigations revealed spheroidal-subprolate, the amb triangular and tricolporatae pollens in the taxon. Exine ornamentation was tectatae and microechinate-scabrate. Key words: Centaurea lycopifolia; Chromosome; Pollen morphology; Endemic; Turkey DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7484 Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(2): 223-228, 2010 (December)

scholarly journals Karyotype of some species of Chara and Nitella (Charophyta) from Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahida Khatun ◽  
Md Mosleh Ud-Deen ◽  
Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Chara Vulgaris ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Standard Karyotype ◽  
Karyotype Formula

Karyotypic analysis of Chara corallina Linn., C. vulgaris Linn., C. gymnopitys Linn. and Nitella translucens Ag. collected from natural habitats revealed that C. corallina has n=42, C. vulgaris and Chara gymnopitys have n=14 while Nitella translucens has n=18 chromosomes. All the species had differences in individual chromosome length, total chromatin length, total frequency between the complements of their chromosomes. The proposed standard karyotype formula were 6Lm + 2Mm +26Msm + 6S1m + 2S2m for Chara corallina, 4Mm + 8S1m + 2S2m for Chara vulgaris, 6Mm + 4S1m + 2S2sm +2S2m for Chara gymnopitys and 6Lm + 2Lsm + 6Mm+ 2Msm + 2S1m for Nitella translucens. Key words: Chara; Nitella; Karyotype; Green algae; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5150 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 205-207, 2009 (December)

scholarly journals Bile salts of vertebrates: structural variation and possible evolutionary significance

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Hofmann ◽  
Lee R. Hagey ◽  
Matthew D. Krasowski
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Significance

Fruit developmental biology and endosperm rumination in Elaeocarpus ruminatus (Elaeocarpaceae), and its taxonomic significance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet N. Gagul ◽  
David Y. P. Tng ◽  
Darren M. Crayn
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

The genus Elaeocarpus is the largest genus in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising more than 350 species of trees and shrubs with a mainly Indo-Pacific distribution. Approximately 28 species in the genus, including nine species from Australia, are known to possess ruminate endosperm. To provide a basis for understanding fruit development and endosperm rumination in the genus and, therefore, its taxonomic and evolutionary significance, we studied the fruit anatomy of Elaeocarpus ruminatus F.Muell. at different developmental phases (petal-fall to maturity). We found lignin in pericarp and ovary wall tissues in the earliest stages of development. In contrast, endosperm rumination occurs only after fruits have fully expanded, and becomes more pronounced as fruits ripen. Its phylogenetic distribution suggests that ruminate endosperm is a derived, albeit homoplasious character in Elaeocarpus. Comparative studies on related species will be instructive in determining the utility of ruminate endosperm for informing infra-generic taxonomy of the genus, and gaining insight into its adaptive significance.

Observations on chromosomes and gametogenesis ofTransversotrema patialense(Trematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mad Havi ◽  
J. V. Ramanjaneyulu
Keyword(s):  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Total Chromosome Length ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Status ◽  
Snail Tissue

SUMMARYThe karyotype ofTransversotrema patia1enconsists of 10 pairs of chromosomes (2n= 20) of which 5 pairs are metacentrics and 5 pairs are submetacentrics. The chromosomes are large and range in size from 5 to 12 μm. The total chromosome length of the diploid complement is 16783 μm. Stages of spermatogenesis including the two gonial divisions and two reduction divisions leading to production of spermatozoa occur in cercarial embryos inside snail tissue, while the maturation divisions of the ovum occur in eggs freshly liberated by the fluke. The chiasma frequency is high, being 3888/cell and 388/bivalent. Cytological data indicate an independent phylogenetic status for the family Transversotrematidae.

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