scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant rice varieties for the western mid hills of Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
B. B. Adhikari ◽  
B. Mehera ◽  
S. M. Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the most important staple food crop in Nepal, but current yields are low and total production varies, mostly due to drought. To evaluate high yielding and drought tolerant rice genotypes in typical rainfed lowland conditions, a participatory varietal selection trials was conducted with farmers in farmer’s field at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during the wet season 2009 and 2010. Trials were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Results obtained from two years’ experiment indicated that the genotypes IR-74371-54-1 and IR74371-70-1 matured at the same duration as the local check Radha-4 (120-123 days growth duration). Both genotypes had a high average chlorophyll content (SPAD reading of 15.9-16.1), were medium tall (110-112 cm), non-lodging, had a high number of filled grains and little sterility, and a high grain yield (mean yield 5.0 and 4.8 t ha-1, respectively). They also had the highest root length (22.4-26.2 cm) and root weight (9.5-10 g hill-1) which could tolerate more drought than the other genotypes tested. The maximum cost/benefit ratio was found in IR-74371-54-1 (1:1.72) followed by IR-74371-70-1 (1:1.66) and IR-74371-46-1-1 (1:1.65). All three lines were highly preferred by farmers in preference rankings during field visits and were released in Nepal in 2011 as Sookhadhan-2, Sookhadhan-3 and Sookhadhan-1 varieties, respectively. They fit easily into the existing cropping system in rainfed lowlands, are economically viable and safe to cultivate for the farmers in the mid hills of Nepal.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 195-206

scholarly journals Drought tolerance related to root morphology and stomatal structure of the 12 seasonal rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) under artificial drought conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ngoc Son Tran ◽  
◽  
Cong Thanh Vo ◽  
Lan Huong Vo ◽  
Thi Yen Nhi Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions

Drought-tolerant rice varieties are one of the best choices to avoid the effects of drought. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used for the experiment. 12 seasonal rice were tested under artificial drought conditions. The criteria were assessed through the morphology, root anatomical structure, and stomatal leaves that were suitable for the drought environment. The results showed that 3 seasonal rice were well adapted to this condition.Sophinh had the smallest density and area of stomata (529.3 stomata/mm2 and 88.6 μm2 respectively), they helped reduce water loss. Xuong ga do had the highest ratio of deep roots 58.7% which could increase the ability to take water from the deep soil layer. Bang nau had a thick root diameter of 876.3 μm and a stele root area of 54.4x103 μm2 containing a high number and more areas of late metaxylems (5.6 and 12x103 μm2 respectively). These factors helped increase water flux from root to shoot. Correlation among the density of stomata, number of roots, and the number of late metaxylem were negative while correlation among diameter of roots, number of late metaxylem, and total areas of late metaxylem were positive. These results were useful for developing drought-tolerant rice varieties.

scholarly journals Kendali Genetik Toleransi Kekeringan pada Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punjung Medaraji Suwarno ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Dan Ahmad Junaedi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Rainfed Rice

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Drought has become a main barrier of rainfed rice in dry climate and short wet season areas. Growing drought-tolerance varieties is a practical approach to minimize yield lost of rice by the drought stress condition. The aims of this research were to examine the inheritance of drought tolerance character, to identify selection traits, and to estimate genetic gain for drought tolerant on lowland rice. Four rice varieties, i.e., Jatiluhur, Mentik Wangi, IR64, Way Apo Buru, were fully diallel crossed. The parent varieties and the F1’s were grown at Sawah Baru, Dramaga experimental field in two irrigation treatments, optimum and sub optimum where irrigation was applied until three weeks after transplanting. A randomized complete block design with three replications for each irrigation treatment was applied to the experiment. The results showed that there is a significant maternal effect on tiller number. The values of additive variance were higher than the dominance for all other characters except tiller number and grain weight per plant. The highest value for narrow sense heritability was achieved by panicle length.<br /><br />Keywords: diallel, drought, genetic, rice<br /><br />

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR DRY SEASON AND WET SEASON PLANTING

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Entis Sutisna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seasonal Adaptation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Planting Season

Rice planting on dry and wet seasons faces a specific climatological characteristic, which affects directly on rice growth and yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated for their seasonal planting adaptation at Sukamandi Experimental Station, Subang, West Java, during the dry and wet seasons of 2009-2010.<br />Randomized complete block design with three replications was applied on the experiment. Plot size was 4 m x 6 m and plant spacing was 20 cm x 20 cm. Standard agronomic practices were applied on both planting season experiments. Data were collected for major morphological traits, days to grain maturity and grain yield, measured on wet and dry basis (11% moisture content). Data were analysed for analyses of variance for each season and for combined seasons, and mean values separation of the variable used the 5% Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation between grain yields and morphological variable data were computed for each season and for combined seasons. The correlation coefficients of variables and grain yield were partitioned into direct and indirect causes using path analyses. Combined analyses of variances indicated significant effects of genotypes, seasons and genotypes x seasons interaction for almost all variables, including grain yields, suggesting there were seasonal adaptation specificity among genotypes. Five genotypes were identified as suitable for dry season planting, and nine<br />genotypes as suitable for wet season planting. Among those genotypes, three genotypes, namely Mekongga, Inpari-10 and OM 5240 were suitable for both dry and wet season planting. Ciherang and Cigeulis varieties were more suitable for dry season, while Cibogo, Inpari-1, Inpari-3, Inpari-5, and Inpari-8 were more suitable for wet season planting. Adopting the most productive rice varieties for planting on dry or wet season as was suggested on this research should increase rice production substantially. To facilitate the availability of varieties adapted<br />for a specific planting season, rice breeding should purposedly apply a directional selection of lines suitable for specific planting season, starting on the early generation of selection. <br />

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES SUITABLE FOR DRY SEASON AND WET SEASON PLANTING

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Entis Sutisna
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seasonal Adaptation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Planting Season

Rice planting on dry and wet seasons faces a specific climatological characteristic, which affects directly on rice growth and yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated for their seasonal planting adaptation at Sukamandi Experimental Station, Subang, West Java, during the dry and wet seasons of 2009-2010. Randomized complete block design with three replications was applied on the experiment. Plot size was 4 m x 6 m and plant spacing was 20 cm x 20 cm. Standard agronomic practices were applied on both planting season experiments. Data were collected for major morphological traits, days to grain maturity and grain yield, measured on wet and dry basis (11% moisture content). Data were analysed for analyses of variance for each season and for combined seasons, and mean values separation of the variable used the 5% Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation between grain yields and morphological variable data were computed for each season and for combined seasons. The correlation coefficients of variables and grain yield were partitioned into direct and indirect causes using path analyses. Combined analyses of variances indicated significant effects of genotypes, seasons and genotypes x seasons interaction for almost all variables, including grain yields, suggesting there were seasonal adaptation specificity among genotypes. Five genotypes were identified as suitable for dry season planting, and nine genotypes as suitable for wet season planting. Among those genotypes, three genotypes, namely Mekongga, Inpari-10 and OM 5240 were suitable for both dry and wet season planting. Ciherang and Cigeulis varieties were more suitable for dry season, while Cibogo, Inpari-1, Inpari-3, Inpari-5, and Inpari-8 were more suitable for wet season planting. Adopting the most productive rice varieties for planting on dry or wet season as was suggested on this research should increase rice production substantially. To facilitate the availability of varieties adapted for a specific planting season, rice breeding should purposedly apply a directional selection of lines suitable for specific planting season, starting on the early generation of selection.

Assessment of genetic variability for quantitative characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under post flood situation in sali

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dalibha Pathak ◽  
Umesh Ch. Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

Sixteen genotypes of rice (including one check) were evaluated on 18 quantitative traits during sali (August), 2018 in a randomized block design with three replications at Instruction cum Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance under delayed sown condition. The analysis of variance for 18 quantitative traits revealed the presence of significant differences for grain yield and its component characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for chaffs per panicle followed by grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), spikelets per panicle, grain yield (kg/ha). A high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height (cm), spikelets per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), chaffs per panicle, grains per panicle, grain yield (g/hill), grain yield (kg/ha), biological yield (kg/ha), straw weight (kg/ha) and harvest index (%) indicating that selection might be effective for improvement of these characters under delayed sown condition with low input. From the findings of this investigation, one genotype viz., Gandhari emerged as the outstanding genotype which yielded 4170 kg/ha and could be directly used for cultivation in delayed sown situation with low inputs. Some other promising genotypes that yielded higher than the check Manoharsali under delayed sown condition were JR 29, JR 16, Basundhara and JR 60 and could be utilized as potential parental material in the hybridization programmes designed to develop suitable rice varieties for delayed sown situation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Short Duration Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Drought Prone Areas of Subarnapur District of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
S. Pradhan ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
S. Sethy ◽  
G. Pradhan ◽  
J. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Seed

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and  need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.

Breeding for Improving Human Nutrition and Grain Quality through Biofortification of Traditional Land Races and Improved Cultivars in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
P. Savitha ◽  
R. Usha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) which belongs to the family poaceae, is the life and the prince among cereals as this unique grain helps to sustain two thirds of the world's population. India have traditionally been used or rice cultivation due to availability of water and conductive soil (Nadesa panic). Rice was grown in 155.30 million hectares and around 600 million tonnes of rice harvested each year globally. About 114 countries produce rice with China and India supporting 50 per cent of total production. India stands first in area under cultivation (41.85 mha) and ranks second in production, where as China ranks first in production with just half of the area. India's production is 89.13 million tonnes with a productivity of 2130 kg/ha. Among the rice producing states of India, Tamil Nadu ranks sixth in production (6.53 million tonnes) and second in productivity of 3918 kg/ha with an area of 20.16 lakh ha (Season and Crop Report, 2012). Local farmers in such farming systems retain the traditional varieties based on their knowledge of the quality of the rice varieties and their adaptation to varying agro-ecological situations created by diverse seasons and land situations (Tapasi das & Ashesh Kumar Das, 2014). Among the major micronutrient deficiencies common in rice consuming countries, iron and zinc deficiencies (“hidden hunger”), affect over three billion people worldwide, mostly in developing countries (Welch & Graham, 2004).

scholarly journals Direct and Residual Effects of Different Poultry Compost and NPK Fertilizer Applications on Drought-Tolerant Maize Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
O. M. O. M. Otitoju ◽  
Moses B. Adewole ◽  
A. A. Olowoake ◽  
A. O. A. O. Ilesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

<p>This study investigated the direct and residual effects of different poultry compost and NPK fertilizer applications on the growth components of drought-tolerant maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) in a derived savanna agroecology of southwestern Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments, each replicated thrice. The treatments which were applied at planting, consisted of 100% cockerel manure (CM), 100% broiler manure (BM), 100% layers manure (LM), 33.3% cockerel manure + 33.3% Broiler manure + 33.3% Layers manure (CBLM) at 4.50 kg plot<sup>-1</sup><sub>,</sub>inorganic NPK 20-20-10 fertilizer at 0.30 kg plot<sup>-1</sup> and zero manure application as control (CT). The apparent efficiency of N recovery (AENR), N and P ear-leaf (NPEL) contents of maize with poultry manures were higher when compared to inorganic NPK fertilizer applications. The highest mean grain yield 1.30 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of maize was obtained with BM treatment that had the highest AENR and NPEL values. This however, was not significantly (p &gt; 0.05) different from the mean grain yield obtained with other treatments during the dry season. Comparable but higher mean grain yield, but also not significantly (p &gt; 0.05) different were obtained during the wet season in all the treatments.</p>

scholarly journals Response of Drought Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties under Various Methods of Establishment in Drought-prone Condition of Bihar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajeev Singh ◽  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Nityanand . ◽  
R. K. Sohane ◽  
Anjani Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Aurangabad and in farmers’ field during rainy seasons of 2013, 2014 and 2015, to Performance of drought tolerant rice varieties under various methods of stand establishment in rainfed drought-prone condition of Bihar. Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 methods of establishment i.e. broad coasting, direct seeded rice (DSR), and transplanted rice (TPR), and two varieties viz. Sahbhagiedhan, SushkeSamrat in a total of 5 replications including four at KVK, Aurangabad and one at farmers’ field during three years. Direct seeding of rice (DSR) with ZTD machine produced significantly higher plant height, number of tillers/m2, panicles/m2, grains/panicle, filled grains/panicle. However panicle length and Panicle weight were recorded maximum with   to transplanting method over Direct seeded rice with ZTD machine and broad coasting. 1000grain weight was recorded significantly maximum with Direct seeded rice with ZTD machine and transplantinh over broad coasting. Direct seed produced 7.60% and 30.95% more yield in 2014, 7.88% and 32.10% more yield in 2014 and 12.00% and 30.23% more yield in 2016 over transplanted and broad coasting rice, respectively. Net return and benefit-cost ratio were also significantly higher in direct seeded rice with ZTD machine than transplanted rice and broad coasting of rice. Amongst the varieties of rice, Sushk Samrat produced significantly higher yield attributes viz., tillers/m2, panicles/m2, grains/panicle, filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight, and subsequently produced grain yield higher by 13.42 in 2014, 10.10% in 2015 and by 7.03% in 2016 over Sahbhagie dhan. Net return and benefit-cost ratio were also recorded significantly higher with Sushk Samrat than Sahbhagiedhan.

scholarly journals Rajdeep (IET 17713): A New Rainfed Lowland High Yielding Rice Variety for Semideep Situation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrani Dana ◽  
Sitesh Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Improvement Project

In eastern India, more than 13.0 million ha of rice lands are affected by excess water and periodically suffer from flash floods and complete submergence. Most of the traditional and adapted rice varieties of this situation are low yielders. To overcome these problems the high yielding rice variety (HYV), Rajdeep (IET 17713) has been developed by Rice Research Station, Government of West Bengal, Chinsurah, Hooghly as high yielding rice variety for semideep water situation. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of promising semideep water rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under lowland situation during wet season of 2002-2013. Performance of Rajdeep, semideep water rice was better and therefore it was released. It is tolerant to sheath blight, sheath rot diseases and stem borer, leaf folder insect-pests. The high yielding semideep rice variety, Rajdeep exhibited superiority over national check (Sabita), regional check (Purnendu) and local check tested in different locations under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) trials during kharif, 2002-2003 conducted by ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabed, India. This variety was also tested in multi-locational yield trials (2003-2013) along with check variety Swarna-Sub 1/ Bhudeb at different locations of West Bengal. After testing at national level as well as at state level, based on yield performance of the variety, the HYV semideep rice variety Rajdeep was released and notified by Government of India in the Gazette of India vide Notification No. S.O. 1007(E) on 30th March, 2017.

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