scholarly journals Drought tolerance related to root morphology and stomatal structure of the 12 seasonal rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) under artificial drought conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Ngoc Son Tran ◽  
◽  
Cong Thanh Vo ◽  
Lan Huong Vo ◽  
Thi Yen Nhi Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions

Drought-tolerant rice varieties are one of the best choices to avoid the effects of drought. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used for the experiment. 12 seasonal rice were tested under artificial drought conditions. The criteria were assessed through the morphology, root anatomical structure, and stomatal leaves that were suitable for the drought environment. The results showed that 3 seasonal rice were well adapted to this condition.Sophinh had the smallest density and area of stomata (529.3 stomata/mm2 and 88.6 μm2 respectively), they helped reduce water loss. Xuong ga do had the highest ratio of deep roots 58.7% which could increase the ability to take water from the deep soil layer. Bang nau had a thick root diameter of 876.3 μm and a stele root area of 54.4x103 μm2 containing a high number and more areas of late metaxylems (5.6 and 12x103 μm2 respectively). These factors helped increase water flux from root to shoot. Correlation among the density of stomata, number of roots, and the number of late metaxylem were negative while correlation among diameter of roots, number of late metaxylem, and total areas of late metaxylem were positive. These results were useful for developing drought-tolerant rice varieties.

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant rice varieties for the western mid hills of Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
B. B. Adhikari ◽  
B. Mehera ◽  
S. M. Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Rice (Oryza sativa L) is the most important staple food crop in Nepal, but current yields are low and total production varies, mostly due to drought. To evaluate high yielding and drought tolerant rice genotypes in typical rainfed lowland conditions, a participatory varietal selection trials was conducted with farmers in farmer’s field at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during the wet season 2009 and 2010. Trials were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with six replications. Results obtained from two years’ experiment indicated that the genotypes IR-74371-54-1 and IR74371-70-1 matured at the same duration as the local check Radha-4 (120-123 days growth duration). Both genotypes had a high average chlorophyll content (SPAD reading of 15.9-16.1), were medium tall (110-112 cm), non-lodging, had a high number of filled grains and little sterility, and a high grain yield (mean yield 5.0 and 4.8 t ha-1, respectively). They also had the highest root length (22.4-26.2 cm) and root weight (9.5-10 g hill-1) which could tolerate more drought than the other genotypes tested. The maximum cost/benefit ratio was found in IR-74371-54-1 (1:1.72) followed by IR-74371-70-1 (1:1.66) and IR-74371-46-1-1 (1:1.65). All three lines were highly preferred by farmers in preference rankings during field visits and were released in Nepal in 2011 as Sookhadhan-2, Sookhadhan-3 and Sookhadhan-1 varieties, respectively. They fit easily into the existing cropping system in rainfed lowlands, are economically viable and safe to cultivate for the farmers in the mid hills of Nepal.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science.Vol. 33-34, 2015, page: 195-206

scholarly journals Evaluation of advanced back cross lines for drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
P. Venkata Ramana Rao ◽  
M. Girija Rani ◽  
K.S.N. Prasad ◽  
P. Naga Kumari ◽  
B.N.V.S.R. Ravi Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Secondary Traits

Drought is the largest abiotic constraint to rice production which cause significant yield loss depending upon the severity. Development of rice varieties with tolerance to drought and high use water use efficiency is the need of the hour. Despite the importance of drought as major abiotic constraint, the efforts to develop drought tolerant rice varieties are very low. Breeding efforts until recent past were focused on understanding and improvement of secondary traits that are putatively associated with drought tolerance. However, the genetic gain in yield by improvement of secondary traits is very low. Hence, improvement of yield per se under drought conditions will be better solution. Introgression of yield QTLs under drought in the genetic background of high yielding varieties will be helpful to overcome the problem to a certain extent. In the present study, 31 advanced back cross lines (BILs) derived from drought susceptible mega variety Samba Mahsuri (BT 5204) and a drought tolerant tolerant land race Azucena were evaluated under drought. Thirty one advanced back cross inbred lines (BC2F4) lines having yield QTLs viz., qDTY3.1 on chromosome 3 and qDTY2.1 on chromosome 2 were phenotyped under drought conditions. The results suggested that wide range of variation was observed for yield and its component traits in the BILs generated in the background of BPT 5204 and direct selection for yield under water stress coupled with marker assisted screening would help in development of drought tolerant version of mega varieties with improved yield under stress. Thermo tolerance studies indicated that high variability was observed for the BILs in terms of % seedling survival, % reduction in root and shoot growth under stress.

Assessment of genetic variability for quantitative characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under post flood situation in sali

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dalibha Pathak ◽  
Umesh Ch. Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

Sixteen genotypes of rice (including one check) were evaluated on 18 quantitative traits during sali (August), 2018 in a randomized block design with three replications at Instruction cum Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to study the nature and magnitude of variability, heritability and genetic advance under delayed sown condition. The analysis of variance for 18 quantitative traits revealed the presence of significant differences for grain yield and its component characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for chaffs per panicle followed by grains per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), spikelets per panicle, grain yield (kg/ha). A high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height (cm), spikelets per panicle, spikelet sterility (%), chaffs per panicle, grains per panicle, grain yield (g/hill), grain yield (kg/ha), biological yield (kg/ha), straw weight (kg/ha) and harvest index (%) indicating that selection might be effective for improvement of these characters under delayed sown condition with low input. From the findings of this investigation, one genotype viz., Gandhari emerged as the outstanding genotype which yielded 4170 kg/ha and could be directly used for cultivation in delayed sown situation with low inputs. Some other promising genotypes that yielded higher than the check Manoharsali under delayed sown condition were JR 29, JR 16, Basundhara and JR 60 and could be utilized as potential parental material in the hybridization programmes designed to develop suitable rice varieties for delayed sown situation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Short Duration Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Drought Prone Areas of Subarnapur District of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
S. Pradhan ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
S. Sethy ◽  
G. Pradhan ◽  
J. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Seed

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and  need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.

scholarly journals Response of Drought Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties under Various Methods of Establishment in Drought-prone Condition of Bihar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajeev Singh ◽  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Nityanand . ◽  
R. K. Sohane ◽  
Anjani Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Aurangabad and in farmers’ field during rainy seasons of 2013, 2014 and 2015, to Performance of drought tolerant rice varieties under various methods of stand establishment in rainfed drought-prone condition of Bihar. Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 methods of establishment i.e. broad coasting, direct seeded rice (DSR), and transplanted rice (TPR), and two varieties viz. Sahbhagiedhan, SushkeSamrat in a total of 5 replications including four at KVK, Aurangabad and one at farmers’ field during three years. Direct seeding of rice (DSR) with ZTD machine produced significantly higher plant height, number of tillers/m2, panicles/m2, grains/panicle, filled grains/panicle. However panicle length and Panicle weight were recorded maximum with   to transplanting method over Direct seeded rice with ZTD machine and broad coasting. 1000grain weight was recorded significantly maximum with Direct seeded rice with ZTD machine and transplantinh over broad coasting. Direct seed produced 7.60% and 30.95% more yield in 2014, 7.88% and 32.10% more yield in 2014 and 12.00% and 30.23% more yield in 2016 over transplanted and broad coasting rice, respectively. Net return and benefit-cost ratio were also significantly higher in direct seeded rice with ZTD machine than transplanted rice and broad coasting of rice. Amongst the varieties of rice, Sushk Samrat produced significantly higher yield attributes viz., tillers/m2, panicles/m2, grains/panicle, filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight, and subsequently produced grain yield higher by 13.42 in 2014, 10.10% in 2015 and by 7.03% in 2016 over Sahbhagie dhan. Net return and benefit-cost ratio were also recorded significantly higher with Sushk Samrat than Sahbhagiedhan.

scholarly journals Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Riza Afrinda ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.

scholarly journals Variability in Nutraceutical Lipid Content of Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) Germplasms

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhornchai Harakotr ◽  
Kasidid Prompoh ◽  
Supakorn Boonyuen ◽  
Bhalang Suriharn ◽  
Kamol Lertrat
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Lipid Compounds

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains many high-value nutritional compounds, including nutraceutical lipid compounds that offer health benefits. An understanding of the genetic variability in the lipid contents of different rice germplasms is necessary to support breeding programs. The goals of this study were: i) to investigate varietal differences in levels of the nutraceutical lipid α-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, campesterol, β-sitosterol, octacosanol, and squalene and ii) to identify clusters of rice germplasms based on their lipid contents. Eighty-three indica rice subspecies were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Research was conducted in Thailand during the 2016 rice-growing season. Significant differences were found among genotypes across all traits. The largest variation was found for β-sitosterol, followed by campesterol, octacosanol, and α-tocopherol. Variation in squalene content was small. Four principal components were found that accounted for 93.47% of overall variability. β-sitosterol, campesterol, and squalene were the principal discriminatory constituents. No significant correlation was found between color parameters and levels of these compounds, suggesting that former are of little use as an indirect marker for selection of fat-soluble nutraceuticals. Cluster analysis sorted the germplasm into nine clusters, based on their nutraceutical lipid content. TU-010, TU-027, TU-093, and TU-244 genotypes had the highest levels, making them a potentially useful genetic resource in breeding programs for nutraceutically-improved rice. The findings of this study can support the introduction of novel rice varieties with high added-value bioactive properties.

Varietal Trial of Traditional Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Collected in the Province of Negros Occidental

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelie L Lumba ◽  
Mae Flor G Posadas
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Rice Improvement

Thirteen traditional upland rice varieties (Kadidit Pilit, Red 64, Masipag 9, Masipag 15, Dinorado, Mindoro, Camuros, Masipag 22, Palawan, Suleg, Biday, Pilit , Pilit Talacdan) were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replicates at the experimental area of Central Philippines State University (CPSU), Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental from November 2012 - April 2013. The parameters compared were their agronomic data on growth and yield, including grain characteristics. These data were processed using the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) (Version 2.0.1) while Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to compare significant treatment means at 1% level. The upland rice varieties showed significant variation in growth, yield showed distinct grain characteristics. Biday variety was the tallest, produced longer and wider leaves, and bore the longest panicle. Mindoro and Masipag 22 produced the most number of tillers. Pilit talacdan had the biggest culm, produced the heaviest panicle, with the highest number of filled grains per panicle. Pilit variety gave the heaviest weight of 1,000 grains. The grain features were also found to be distinct in each variety. The yield significantly varied among the upland rice varieties. Pilit and Pilit Talacdan gave the highest yield among the varieties grown at CPSU condition. The performing varieties would be used for upland rice improvement and breeding program and for further verification in the farmer’s field.

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Drought Tolerance in Upland Rice Varieties at Reproductive Stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Malemba ◽  
F. M. Nzuve ◽  
J. M. Kimani ◽  
M. F. Olubayo ◽  
J. W. Muthomi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Drought Conditions

Rice is an important food crop for human population ranking second among the mostly consumed cereal grains worldwide. Upland rice production is greatly constrained by drought stress resulting from rainfall variation patterns. Cultivation of drought tolerant varieties is considered the best option for drought management in rice production. The already released upland rice varieties are drought susceptible and have poor grain attributes hence, the aim of this study was to determine the combining ability for drought tolerance in upland rice. Four upland NERICA and two upland rice varieties were selected as parents for generating F1s crosses following 6 × 6 complete diallel. The generated 30 F1 crosses were advanced to F2 population for field evaluation. The F2 progenies together with six parents were planted in two sites; KALRO-Mwea Center Farm and Kirogo research Farm following a randomized complete block design in three replications. Drought stress was initiated 45 days after sowing after which data was collected on drought and agronomic parameters. The study revealed large genetic variations among the genotypes used. Both GCA and SCA were significant indicating the importance of both additive and non additive gene action in the expression of studied traits. In this study NERICA 2 and NERICA 15 were identified as good combiners for drought tolerance and grain yield under drought conditions. The single crosses namely; NERICA 15 × NERICA 2, NERICA 1 × NERICA 15, NERICA 11 × NERICA 15 and NERICA 2 × NERICA 15 were identified as superior for improving yield under drought conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Physiological Responses of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties to Elevated Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Dede Yudo Kurniawan ◽  
Ahmad Junaedi ◽  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

Temperature is a primary factor that affects the rate of plant development and has great impacts on plant growth, metabolism, and yield. A study was conducted to analyze the effects of elevated temperature on rice morphological and the physiological growth. The research was arranged in a nested randomized block design consisting of two factors, temperatures and rice varieties. Elevated temperatures were provided through the uses of different materials of plastic roof and walls to have an average and maximum temperature of 27.6 °C and 41.6 °C (T1); 28.1°C and 43.8 °C (T2), and 29.5°C and 47.1 C (T3), respectively. The study used three varieties of rice, “Ciasem”, “Ciherang”, and “IR64”. All rice varieties showed signifi cant increases in tiller number per hill and shoot dry weight, but had a decrease in the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and SPAD values at grain fi lling stage with the increasing temperatures. The number of tiller per hill increased when temperature was elevated from 27.6 to 28.1 and 29.5°C by about 29.9 and 21.3%, respectively.

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