scholarly journals Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Net-metering Implementation in Rooftop Solar PV in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Hardik Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
System Size ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Capital Subsidy ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Installed Capacity

While a plethora of new hydro generation capacity are, being constructed, other forms of energy like solar is still undeveloped in Nepal. As of May 2018, the total installed capacity of Nepal stands at 1060 MW, among which mere 0.68 MW (0.06%) is solar. Solar Rooftop holds potential for development of solar and recognizing this, AEPC had urban solar program with capital subsidy element. In addition, NEA announced Alternative Electricity Connected to Grid 2018, with Feed in Tariff of NRs 7.30 for 3 years paving way for net metering in solar rooftop. This paper discusses the techno-economic feasibility of solar net metering across domestic (both individual and high-rise apartments), commercial and institutional consumers with the FiT offered. The analysis is done in both scenarios; where there is no export to grid and where there is export to the grid possible. Sample data on LCOE and kWh demand for each segment are collected and system size and solar production is calculated using Helioscope. Along with this, rate of return and payback years is calculated with current benchmark pricing and industry wide assumptions. The results of these analyses show higher payback period (6-9 years) and unattractive return (<15%) in the BOOT model for rooftops. Even in segments like high-rise apartments and commercial consumers with minimum 500 kW size where returns are higher (>20%), limitations as rooftop space makes net metering an un-attractive proposition. This paper also provides current policy landscape and envisages addressing policy gaps, and learnings from international arena on success of net-metering including financial incentives and regulations provided to drive the net-metering growth in Nepal.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of Incentive Policies on Residential PV Investments in Colombia

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Castaneda ◽  
Sebastian Zapata ◽  
Andres Aristizabal
Keyword(s):  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Capital Subsidy ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Feed In Tariff

As the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) falls, their potential for transforming modern electricity generation increases. Solar PV provides a simpler way of producing clean and affordable energy, which makes it an attractive investment. Great investments in solar PV have occurred in industrialized countries, but government efforts to promote this technology have not been effective in nonindustrialized countries. Despite this, some of these countries may have a high solar PV potential, such as Colombia, where policies to encourage solar PV are only just starting to take place. Therefore, this paper proposes a simulation model to assess different policies—feed-in tariff, net metering, and capital subsidy—to promote solar PV investments in the Colombian residential sector. Policies are assessed considering the criteria of efficiency and effectiveness. Simulation results suggest that (i) net metering is the most efficient policy with a cost indicator of 20,298 USD/MW; (ii) feed-in tariff is the most effective policy as it reaches the highest level of avoided CO2 emissions—4,792,823 million tons of CO2—and a meaningful PV installed capacity of 7522 MW; (iii) capital subsidy is the least efficient policy as it has the highest cost indicator of 509,616 USD/MW.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing and Cost Minimization of Solar Photovoltaic Power System Considering Economical Perspectives and Net Metering Schemes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 2713
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Ali T. Al-Awami ◽  
Mahmoud Kassas ◽  
Muhammad Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Market Price ◽  
End Users ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Net Metering

In this paper, economic feasibility of installing small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) system is studied at the residential and commercial buildings from an end-user perspective. Based on given scenarios, the best sizing methodology of solar PV system installation has been proposed focusing primarily on the minimum payback period under given (rooftop) area for solar PV installation by the customer. The strategy is demonstrated with the help of a case study using real-time monthly load profile data of residential as well as commercial load/customers and current market price for solar PVs and inverters. In addition, sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to examine the effectiveness of net metering scheme for fairly high participation from end users. Since Saudi Arabia’s Electricity and Co-generation Regulatory Authority (ECRA) has recently approved and published the net metering scheme for small-scale solar PV systems allowing end users to generate and export energy surplus to the utility grid, the proposed scheme has become vital and its practical significance is justified with figures and graphs obtained through computer simulations.

scholarly journals Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Solar PV Power under Carbon Peak Scenario in China: A PEST Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Hengtian Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Xinxin Xu ◽  
Liu Fei
Keyword(s):  
Solar Pv ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Carbon Peak

China has experienced rapid social and economic development in the past 40 years. However, excessive consumption of fossil fuel energy has caused an energy shortage and led to severe environmental pollution. To achieve sustainable development, China is striving to transform its growth mode. Adopting renewable energy (RE) including solar photovoltaic (PV) power is an effective measure. How to promote the further development of solar PV power under the scenario of China’s aspirational target of carbon peak by 2030 and 20% RE ratio in the energy mix remains a theme that need to be addressed. This paper analyzes the potential opportunities and challenges confronting solar PV power in China. The analysis covers the dimensions of political, economic, social, and technological (PEST). The results revealed a significant prospect for the further deployment of solar PV power in the coming decades. The aggressive estimated installed capacity of solar PV power is expected to reach 80+ GW annually. To successfully achieve the goal of 80+ GW, barriers that hinder the further development of solar PV power have to be eliminated. Suggestions for policymakers include maintaining enforceability and continuity of policies, favorable financial supports, mandatory RE quotas for all parties, and supporting fundamental R&D. Suggestions for the solar PV industry include full utilization of integrated applications, set up an after-sales service network, collaborative innovation among the industry chain, and engaging in storage and hydrogen technology. The findings are greatly beneficial for policymakers and the solar PV industry.

scholarly journals Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a 3-kW PV system installation in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramhari Poudyal ◽  
Pavel Loskot ◽  
Ranjan Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Pv System

AbstractThis study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of installing a 3-kilowatt-peak (kWp) photovoltaic (PV) system in Kathmandu, Nepal. The study also analyses the importance of scaling up the share of solar energy to contribute to the country's overall energy generation mix. The technical viability of the designed PV system is assessed using PVsyst and Meteonorm simulation software. The performance indicators adopted in our study are the electric energy output, performance ratio, and the economic returns including the levelised cost and the net present value of energy production. The key parameters used in simulations are site-specific meteorological data, solar irradiance, PV capacity factor, and the price of electricity. The achieved PV system efficiency and the performance ratio are 17% and 84%, respectively. The demand–supply gap has been estimated assuming the load profile of a typical household in Kathmandu under the enhanced use of electric appliances. Our results show that the 3-kWp PV system can generate 100% of electricity consumed by a typical residential household in Kathmandu. The calculated levelised cost of energy for the PV system considered is 0.06 $/kWh, and the corresponding rate of investment is 87%. The payback period is estimated to be 8.6 years. The installation of the designed solar PV system could save 10.33 tons of CO2 emission over its lifetime. Overall, the PV systems with 3 kWp capacity appear to be a viable solution to secure a sufficient amount of electricity for most households in Kathmandu city.

OPTIMIZING A RESIDENTIAL SOLAR PV SYSTEM BASED ON NET-METERING APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rauf ◽  
A. T. Awami ◽  
M. Kassas ◽  
M. Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
Solar Pv System

High Penetration Residential Solar Photovoltaics and the Effects of Dust Storms on System Net Load

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A. Janko ◽  
Brandon T. Gorman ◽  
Uday P. Singh ◽  
Nathan G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
System Load ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Pv Penetration ◽  
The Phoenix

Residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming increasingly common around the world. Much of this growth is attributed to a decreasing cost of solar PV modules, reduction in the cost of installation and other “soft costs,” along with net-metering, financial incentives, and the growing societal interest in low-carbon energy. Yet this steep rise in distributed, uncontrolled solar PV capacity is being met with growing concern in maintaining electric grid stability when solar PV reaches higher penetration levels. Rapid reductions in solar PV output create an immediate and direct rise in the net system load. Demand response and storage technologies can offset these fluctuations in the net system load, but their potential has yet to be realized through wide-scale commercial dissemination. In the interim these fluctuations will continue to cause technical and economic challenges to the utility and the end-user. Late-afternoon peak demands are of particular concern as solar PV drops off and household demand rises as residents return home. Transient environmental factors such as clouding, rain, and dust storms pose additional uncertainties and challenges. This study analyzes such complex cases by simulating residential loads, rooftop solar PV output, and dust storm effects on solar PV output to examine transients in the net system load. The Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area is used as a case study that experiences dust storms several times per year. A dust storm is simulated progressing over the Phoenix metro in various directions and intensities. Various solar PV penetration rates are also simulated to allow insight into resulting net loads as PV penetration grows in future years.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Feasibility of Wind Power Farms in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1046
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Installed Capacity

Wind is a powerful and renewable source of energy that flows in every corner of the surface of the planet. As the world moves towards renewable and alternate energy sources, the potential of wind energy has been recognized and methods to use it to its maximum potential are being explored. India has been harnessing wind power over the years, but only lately, it has sent an ambitious target of achieving 60 gigawatts (GW) of wind installed capacity by 2022. The government has issued several tenders to invite private players or Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to develop wind energy projects. Many foreign investors and the Private Equity players have shown interest in investing in this growing renewable energy (RE) market in India. However, developing a wind project comes with lot many challenges as compared to any other RE project. These challenges range from land availability to seeking grid connectivity approvals and evacuation of the power. Along with this, the current reverse bidding process for the tariffs, have made the per unit tariffs to cost as low as INR 2.4. Hence, it is important to consider the technical and commercial feasibility of the project to function at these tariffs. This paper studies the current scenario of wind energy in the Indian market and analysis the potential for the development of wind projects. It also analyses the technical and commercial feasibility of the project by assuming a 300 MW project, having INR 2.5 as tariff, using Wind Resource Assessment (WRA) and Financial Model.

scholarly journals Forecasting of China’s Solar PV Industry Installed Capacity and Analyzing of Employment Effect: Based on GRA-BiLSTM Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
bingchun liu ◽  
Chengyuan Song ◽  
Qingshan Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Installed Capacity

Abstract With the acceleration of China's energy transformation process and the rapid increase of renewable energy market demand, the photovoltaic (PV) industry has created more jobs and effectively alleviated the employment pressure of the labor market under the normalization of the epidemic situation. First, to accurately predict China’s solar PV installed capacity, this paper proposes a multi-factor installed capacity prediction model based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-Grey Relation Analysis. Compared with the prediction results of GRU and LSTM models, the prediction accuracy of the GRA-BiLSTM model is higher. Second, the BiLSTM model is used to forecast China’s installed solar PV capacity from 2020 to 2035. The forecast results show that China’s newly installed solar PV capacity will continue to grow and reach 2,833GW in 2035. Third, the employment number in China’s solar PV industry during 2020–2035 is predicted by the Employment Factors method. The results show that the energy transition in China during 2020–2035 will have a positive impact on the future stability and growth of the labor market in the solar PV industry. Overall, an accurate forecast of solar PV installed capacity can provide effective decision support for planning electric power development strategy and formulating employment policy of solar PV industry.

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