scholarly journals Floristic Diversity in the Lake Cluster of Pokhara Valley, Central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Pathak ◽  
Bharat Babu Shrestha ◽  
Dinesh Raj Bhuju ◽  
Prabin Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Threatened Habitats ◽  
Pokhara Valley

Wetlands support exceptionally high biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services, yet they are among the most threatened habitats due to anthropogenic activities. Conservation and management planning of wetlands requires, among others, a comprehensive floristic account. In this study, we prepared a checklist of the flowering plants found in the wetlands of the Lake Cluster of Pokhara Valley (LCPV), a Ramsar site of Nepal, located in a rapidly urbanizing capital city of Gandaki Province in Central Nepal. Voucher specimens were collected from the study sites through multiple visits during the monsoon (June-August) and autumn (September-November) seasons. Species were categorized based on their life forms (Raunkiaer’s classification) and native distribution range (native, naturalized, invasive). Ethno-botanical uses of the plant species were compiled from the published literature. We identified 230 plant species belonging to 70 families and 177 genera. Asteraceae (25 species), Poaceae (22 species), Fabaceae (18 species), Cyperaceae (16 species), and Lamiaceae (11 species) were species-rich families. Therophytes (30%) were the dominant life form followed by Hemicryptophytes (27%). Among 230 species, 183 species were native and 47 species naturalized; among the naturalized species, 21 species were invasive. Most of the plant species (61%) have medicinal values while others have food (24%) and fodder values (13%).

Response of plant species to abandonment of subalpine fields, Manang, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Chitra Bahadur Baniya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Composition Pattern

Spatial dimension of abandoned fields has been expanding more in rural subalpine zones of Nepal leading to various patterns of secondary succession. The secondary succession in the subalpine Himalayas has not yet been evaluated. Here, I describe a study initiated in Manang district, Central Nepal where enough abandoned fields of different chronosequences were located. A definitive successional pattern was predicted from the data obtained from sampling 256 plots of 1 × 1 m2 each systematically in a total of 43 abandoned fields from 1 to 55 years after abandonment. Change in composition pattern of 11 most important plant species was analyzed through the Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). The first two axes of DCA explained 19.1 % of the total variation in the species composition. Early, mid and late successions were three stages distinguished each by their abundance scores and life-forms composition. Malva neglecta, Phleum alpinum and Fagopyrum esculentum were dominant at the recently abandoned fields. Cynoglossum zeylanicum, Malaxis muscifera, Medicago falcata and Pennisetum flaccidum were mid succession species, and Thymus linearis, Tanacetum gossypinum, Pinus wallichiana and Poa annua represented the late succession species.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5553 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 10-15

scholarly journals Flora of toxic depots in selected industrial zones

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Petřík ◽  
Petr Soudek ◽  
Dagmar Benešová ◽  
Petra Najmanová ◽  
Michal Najman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Spatial Dependency ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Industrial Zones

Floristic composition in three industrial areas with soils contaminated by heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) and organic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls) was studied. The content of Pb was only significantly correlated with the floristic composition and explained 13.8% of its variability considering spatial dependency of the sites. No correlation was found for PCBs. Altogether, 237 plant vascular species were found at three study sites (117, 133 and 105, respectively). The three study areas differed in their species composition represented by their own characteristic species. The gradient in the content of natives/non-natives, species number, prevailing life forms and indicator values for plant species investigated was revealed. Based on our results, for phytoremediation purposes we can select productive plant species with high biomass and ability to accumulate large amounts of heavy metals or organic compounds and surviving on soils with low mineral content.

scholarly journals Floral diversity assessment of the buffer zones and vicinity of the Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary (MHRWS), Davao Oriental: basis for inclusion to protected area zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Sampling Plot ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

In 2016, municipal ordinances to expand the protected area of the MHRWS were issued with the aim of protecting and preserving the remaining biodiversity of the buffer zones and to strengthen the core zone. The municipal ordinances however, have limitations and do not guarantee legal promulgation. Hence, this study is on the gathering of complete and concrete floral data so that these expansion sites will become part of the protected area and encompassed in legal promulgations. Botanical fieldworks conducted from Oct to Dec 2017 were carried out in five study sites of the MHRWS expansion sites using 40 20 x 20 m sampling plot with a distance of 20 m between plots and opportunistic transect walk techniques. The study disclosed 228 taxa of plants, of these, 74 species were ferns and lycophytes, 6 species of gymnosperms, 30 species of herbs and vines and 118 species were trees and shrubs. There were three new records of ferns and lycophytes increasing the number of species to 155. There are 13 (5.7%) threatened species, 22 (9.6%) and endemic species. Findings suggest that species in each site are unique and maybe attributed to the vegetation present, elevation variations of the different sampling sites and anthropogenic activities. The proposed expansion sites harbor diverse threatened and plants deserving protection and conservation efforts. Results of this study support the contention that the expansion sites, which are included in the municipal ordinances, be part of the official protected area.

scholarly journals Comparison of beach profiles conducive for turtle nesting in Andaman

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 12337-12343
Author(s):  
Subramanian Narayani ◽  
Sasidharan Venu ◽  
Andrea Joan D'Silva
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
High Slope ◽  
Beach Slope ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Study Sites

The present study was undertaken to compare beach characteristics associated with turtle nesting in the Andaman group of islands.  Karmatang, Kalipur, Ramnagar, Chidiyatapu, Carbyn’s Cove, and Wandoor were chosen as study sites.  Beach slope, sand grain characteristics, and general vegetation patterns were analysed.  The angle of inclination of the beach slope ranged from 2.06 to 8.3 degrees.  Beaches with a higher angle had a comparatively higher number of nesting sites.  The study shows that a single factor does not make a beach more conducive for nesting.  Chidiyatapu has the widest beach but lacks other features and so it is not a preferred nesting site.  The grain size of sand in Wandoor is highly favourable, but the intertidal region is not long and there are streams that can drown the nests.  Karmatang has a long beach and a higher slope angle.  Ramnagar has a moderate beach length and a high slope angle.  The dominant grains at both the beaches were found to be granules.  The absence of streams and artificial light, fewer number of anthropogenic activities, lack of obstacles, the presence of bordering vegetation, and a conducive beach slope with granular sand grains make Ramnagar, Karmatang, and Kalipur ideal for turtle nesting.

Decreased photosynthetic efficiency in plant species exposed to multiple airborne pollutants along the Russian-Norwegian border

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Odasz-Albrigtsen ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Patrick Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Study Sites

Photosynthetic efficiency was estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fv/Fm) in 11 plant species growing along a steep gradient of airborne pollution along the Russian-Norwegian border (70°N, 30°E). Photosynthetic efficiency was positively correlated with environmental variables including annual temperature and a maritime gradient and was negatively correlated with the airborne concentrations of Cu, Ni, and SO2 from the Cu-Ni smelters. Photosynthetic efficiency in six plant species from the mixed forest, but not pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and three species from the birch forest was inversely correlated with SO2 and the concentrations of Ni and Cu in lichens. Measurement of fluorescence in these species was a sensitive indicator of pollutant impact. Plant cover at the 16 study sites and the photosynthetic efficiency of five target species correlated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. This study demonstrated that it is possible to detect relations among field-measured ecophysiological responses in plants, levels of airborne pollutants, and satellite remote-sensed data.Key words: chlorophyll fluorescence, smelters, sulfur dioxide, nickel, copper, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).

Diversity of macrophytes in the Amazon deforestation arc: information on their distribution, life-forms and habits

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Biondi Fares ◽  
Raimundo Luiz Morais de Sousa ◽  
Ely Simone Cajueiro Gurgel ◽  
André dos Santos Bragança Gil ◽  
Carlos Alberto Santos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Macrophyte Species ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Abstract The Amazon possesses the largest fluvial system on the planet, harboring a diverse biota. Still, many species remain undescribed, because of the Amazon’s immense scale and complexity, and because many habitats are now increasingly under pressure from anthropogenic activities. Macrophytes are important to physical and biological processes in aquatic ecosystems but remain poorly studied in Northern Brazil. The objective of this study was to provide a checklist of macrophyte species that occur in municipalities that form part of the Arc of Deforestation, Pará state, Brazil, bringing information on their habits and life-forms. We sampled 36 sites at three types of aquatic ecosystems (streams, ponds and lakes). In total, we recorded 50 species, 38 genera and 24 families. Most species were amphibious or emergent. Degraded streams have environmental characteristics similar to lentic habitats, which could provide more suitable habitats for macrophytes that otherwise would not occur in lotic habitats, thus explaining the higher diversity in these ecosystems. Macrophyte diversity in this region follows similar patterns to other Brazilian regions. This study contributes to the assessment of aquatic macrophytes in the Amazon, especially in more degraded regions, such as the Amazon deforestation arc.

scholarly journals Floral Lists from Five Study Sites of Apes in the African Tropical Forests. List of Plant Species Identified in the Northern Part of the Lope Reserve, Gabon.

Tropics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 249-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. G. TUTIN ◽  
Lee J. T. WHITE ◽  
Elizabeth A. WILLIAMSON ◽  
Michel FERNANDEZ ◽  
Gordon MCPHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Study Sites

scholarly journals An Ethnobotanical Survey of a Dryland Botanical Garden and Its Environs in Kenya: The Mutomo Hill Plant Sanctuary

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Munyao Mutie ◽  
Lun-Lun Gao ◽  
Vivian Kathambi ◽  
Peninah Cheptoo Rono ◽  
Paul Mutuku Musili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Growth Habits

Mutomo hill plant sanctuary is a ten-hectare piece of land in Kenya listed as a botanical garden under the Botanical Gardens Conservation International, originally established in 1964 with the aim of conserving indigenous flora from destructive anthropogenic activities. This paper presents ethnobotanical documentation of medicinal plants of Mutomo hill plant sanctuary and its environs. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Mutomo hill plant sanctuary and its environs with 48 herbalists aged between 32 and 96 years from July 2018 to February 2019 using a semistructured open-ended questionnaire. The plants were collected through random surveys with each herbalist in different ecotypes around the villages and within the Mutomo hill plant sanctuary. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) for each species reported was calculated to determine the plant species frequently collected. In total, 68 different plant species distributed in 28 families and 54 genera were reported. The frequently used plant families were Leguminosae (13 species), Lamiaceae (6 species), and Euphorbiaceae (6 species). Shrubs (37%) and trees (34%) were the dominant growth habits reported. The most cited plant species were Cassia abbreviata Oliv. (RFC = 0.63), Acacia nilotica (L.). Delile (RFC = 0.54), Strychnos heningsii Gilg (RFC = 0.46), and Aloe secundiflora Engl. (RFC = 0.31). Root (19 species) and bark (19 species) were the frequently collected plant parts. Infectious diseases (33) and digestive system disorders (24) were reported to be managed with the majority of the plant species. This study contributes to safeguarding the traditional knowledge on medicinal plants in the study area, which is useful in appreciating and acknowledging the cultural heritage of the Kamba people from the local perspective of Mutomo area in Kenya. It also adds to the knowledge base and documentation of medicinal plants, which is useful information as potential data for drug development.

scholarly journals Detection of enteric bacteria in the popular street food chotpoti in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Zakiul Hassan ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Salauddin ◽  
Abu Hena Abid Zafor ◽  
Meghan L Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Colonial Morphology ◽  
Study Sites

Contaminated street food has been linked to food-borne illness and food-borne outbreak. Chotpoti is a popular street food in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to identify enteric bacteria in chotpoti sold in different parts of the capital city Dhaka. From July to October, 2012 we purposively selected 18 sites where chotpoti was sold in Dhaka city. From each site we randomly selected six chotpoti stalls for sample collection. At each stall we aseptically collected approximately 100 gm of a combined sample of chotpoti, chili sauce and water used for cleaning utensils. The combined sample was homogenized and was serially diluted in a sterile test tube with normal saline to obtain a dilution up to 10-5. From each test tube 0.1 ml of dilution was plated on to MacConkey and Blood agar plates under aerobic conditions at 37?C for 24 to 48 hours. Bacterial growth was identified by the colonial morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. Of the 108 samples we analyzed, 84 (78%) were contaminated with bacterial pathogens. Among isolated organisms Acinetobacter (66%) was the most dominant followed by Klebsiella spp. (54%), E. coli (3%) and Proteus spp. (0.9%). Two different organisms were present in 47 (44%) samples. In half of the study sites, every sample was contaminated; in only one site bacterial contamination was absent in all samples. Contaminated street food like chotpoti may cause food borne illness and pose risk of food borne epidemics. Further studies are required for quantitative assessment of pathogens to detect potential sources of contamination and to develop interventions that can effectively reduce street food contamination.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 596-602

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