scholarly journals Review of the History of Materials Used With Experience with Bone Cement Cranioplasty

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Yam Bahadur Roka
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Cranial Defect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Ideal

Cranioplasty is the surgical repair of cranial defect or deficiency of the skull with a aim for functional and cosmetic improvement. Inorganic and organic materials have both been used for cranioplasty with the ideal cranioplasty material is yet to be made or discovered with present focus of research on molecular biology. This article does a brief review of the history of materials used and discusses the results of the use of bone cement cranioplasty (BCC) in this centre. A total of 61 cases were included in the study with the majority being males (44 cases). Road traffic accident was the most common initial cause of injury (45 cases), followed by fall (10 cases) and physical assault in the rest. On admission and based on the GCS based head injury classification the majority were in the severe head injury type (GCS<8) in 44 cases followed by moderate head injury in the rest. The majority of the decompressive craniectomy was done on the left side (32 cases) followed by right (22 cases) and bilateral in 7 cases (including single fl apbifrontal in 5 cases). In our centre as for other centres in Nepal and developing countries, bone cement remains the best, safest, cheapest choice along with autologous graft for cranioplasty.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 14, Number 1, 2017, Page: 7-13

scholarly journals CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT EXTRA-DURAL HAEMATOMA : CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dilraj Kadlas ◽  
Meghna Kinjalk
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVE: Study of natural history of significant extra dural haematoma resolution. BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of death. There are various modes of injury like road traffic accident, assault, fall and others.The traumatic brain injury can range from scalp laceration to intracranial haemorrhage.The line of management is decided upon considering several factors like age, co morbidities, Glasgow coma scale neurodeficiency,CT scan findings,other associated injury. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old gentleman sustained head injury following road traffic accident. CT scan (head) was suggestive of extradural haematoma.Patient was subjected to decompressive craniotomy and evacuation of extra dural haematoma. On 2nd post-operative day, CT Scan (head) was done which was suggestive of right frontal and right posterior parietal extra dural haematoma. The relatives did not give consent for surgery .Conservative management was done. Patient improved and haematoma resolved. A 42 year old male presented to the emergency with history of head injury . CT Scan was suggestive of extra dural haematoma. Conservative management was done as surgery was refused by the relatives.Patient was monitored.Patient was asymptomatic after discharge and during follow up period. CONCLUSION:We report two unusual cases of extradural haematoma with a good outcome and uneventful follow up period.

Cerebral Aqueduct Stenosis Presenting after Head Injury

1975 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
W. M. Edmondstone
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cerebral Aqueduct ◽  
Aqueduct Stenosis ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Neurological Disturbance

AbstractA case is demonstrated of a man presenting with neurological disturbance dating from a head injury sustained in a road traffic accident. Investigation revealed a cerebral aqueduct stenosis which was successfully treated at operation.

scholarly journals An Experience with Management of Hemoperitoneum in Blunt Injury of Abdomen at Tertiary Care Center of Western Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Santosh Mishra ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
Kumar Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Blunt Injury ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Non Operative Management

INTRODUCTION: Blunt abdominal trauma results in huge burden of morbidity and mortality among all age groups caused mainly by road traffic accident, fall from height and physical assault. This study was designed to evaluate the outcome of management of hemoperitoneum in blunt injury of abdomen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study involving 100 cases of blunt abdominal injury during the period from 1st December, 2014 to 13th  March 2016 in UCMS-TH, Bhairahawa, Nepal. Documentation of the patients which included identification, history, clinical findings, diagnostic tests, operative findings, operative procedures, complications during hospital-stay was done. The decision regarding operative or non- operative management was made by specialist surgeon. RESULTS: The majority of the patients belonged to 21- 30 years age group. 72 cases were male while 28 were female. 93 patients were managed conservatively while 7 patients were operated. Most common mode of injury was road traffic accident (RTA) (74%) followed by fall form height (20%). Most common organ to be injured was spleen (65%) followed by liver (26%). 93 % patients underwent non-operative management while 7 % were operated. Mortality rate was 0% among the  non- operative and 14.29% in operative cases. CONCLUSION: Non operative management in patient with hemoperitoneum with regular monitoring of vitals and repeated clinical assessment can reduce the operative need , morbidity and length of hospital stay. Non-operative Management (NOM) for blunt abdominal injuries was found to be highly successful in 93% of the patients in this study.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Head Injury due to Road Traffic Accident and Factors Associated with Outcome: Experience of a Tertiary Care Center in Northern Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 039-046
Author(s):  
Mandaka Rajeev ◽  
Vattaparambil Shinihas ◽  
Pankaj Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Limited Health

Abstract Background In India, most factors related to road traffic accident (RTA) causation and outcome go improperly documented, and database regarding RTA-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) seems inadequate. Two-wheeler drivers form the largest segment of people affected by RTA. The socioeconomic and neurologic burden, imposed by TBI due to RTAs (largely preventable), is overwhelmingly significant, especially for a developing country like India. Materials and Methods Descriptive study involving patients, presenting to the casualty of Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, was performed, and various demographic features were analyzed. Usage of helmet and history of alcohol intake were also noted. Patients were evaluated according to their presenting Glasgow coma scale (GCS), investigated and either operated or managed conservatively, and their outcome was assessed with Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months. Results Bike drivers formed the single largest proportion of RTA victims (53.7%). Proportion of helmet users was 17.9%, whereas 21.9% were found with history of alcohol intake. There was a consistent trend toward a favorable outcome in patients with no alcohol intake (17.08% deaths compared with 34.07% patients with alcohol intake) and with helmet usage (14.55% compared with 22.18% in patients without helmet). However, the absolute contribution of these factors cannot be inferred. Conclusion Various factors related to RTA need evaluation for pooling and compilation of data at regional and national levels. Mandatory helmet laws and strict implementation and provision of subsidized helmets (standard, full coverage) will go a long way in reducing the burden on limited health resources.

scholarly journals Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: An Uncommon and Easily Missed Complication of Head Trauma

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
KH Lau ◽  
CP Ng ◽  
CH Chung
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Carotid Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Cavernous Fistula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula ◽  
Uncommon Complication

A 57-year-old woman attended the emergency department complaining of protrusion of the right eyeball for three days. The history revealed that she had head injury in a road traffic accident about five weeks ago. The accident had caused a fracture of the right angle of the mandible that was fixed internally by the maxillo-facial surgeon. Subsequent angiogram showed a right direct carotid-cavernous fistula. Endovascular therapy was successful in obliterating the fistula. She recovered well. Although carotid-cavernous fistula is an uncommon complication of head injury, emergency physicians should be aware of this condition because of its potential mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Visual Acuity of Commercial Vehicle Drivers in Makurdi, Benue State, North-Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
C. O. Ojabo ◽  
O. S. Adeniyi ◽  
B. A. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
North Central ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eye Examination

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the visual acuity and the relationship between visual acuity and rate of road traffic accident (RTAs) among commercial (private and government transport companies) vehicle drivers in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to each driver by face-to-face interview in four major motor parks in Makurdi metropolis. The documented information included driver’s demographic data, duration of driving, history of previous ophthalmic examination, past ophthalmic disease and history of involvement in road traffic accident. Participants were taken through a comprehensive eye examination. Results: One hundred and twenty-two (122) male commercial vehicle drivers were enrolled for this study with a mean age of 33.8 + 0.81 years. 98.4% (n=120) of the drivers had normal visual acuity in both eyes. Analysis showed that there was no correlation between visual acuity of the drivers and the number of road traffic accident. Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment in this study was low. The result also showed that there is no relationship between visual acuity and road traffic accident. Majority of the drivers in this study never had any eye test done before obtaining their driving license.

scholarly journals Clinical Patterns and Computed Tomography Findings in Patients with Cranio-Cerebral Trauma in Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Kapil Adhikari ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Ashok Raj Pant ◽  
Raj Kumar Rauniyar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Cerebral Trauma

Background: Head injury is a common problem encountered in emergency department. Among various neurological diseases, cranio-cerebral trauma ranks high in order of frequency and gravity. In acute setting, computed tomography is modality of choice because of its high accuracy in detecting intracranial lesions. The study was done to analyze computed tomography findings in cerebral trauma in regards to sociodemographic characteristics and find out associations of Computed tomography findings with mechanism of injury and clinical manifestations.Methods: The study was carried in Department of Radiology, BPKIHS, over a period of one year from Aug. 2015 to Aug. 2016. 450 patients were included in our study and findings noted on structured pro forma. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20 applying simple descriptive statistical methods.Results: Among 450 patients, 220 patients (48.9%) had various cranio-cerebral injuries. Most were in age group of 20-29 years (49.5%) and most common mode was road traffic accident (44.6%).Most patients presented with altered sensorium (39.2%) and Glasgow Coma Scale score of ?13 (70.9%). Scalp lesion was the most common finding (24%) followed by bone fractures (19.8 %). Patients with road traffic accident (59.7%) and fall from height (46.7%) had more positive computed tomography findings than from physical assault (28.2%). Glasgow Coma Scale showed significant statistical association with computed tomography findings (p<0.001). Conclusions: Road traffic accident is the most common mode of head injury in young adults patients presenting in our hospital. Glasgow Coma Scale can be considered as an important clinical marker for predicting positive computed tomography findings. Also computed tomography is an important initial investigation to evaluate the various craniocerebral injury in trauma patients.Keywords: Computed tomography; Cranio-cerebral trauma; road traffic accident.

Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Head Trauma Patients in Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Binit Dev ◽  
Sushil Taparia ◽  
Parvez Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with head trauma is common cause for emergency visits to hospital affecting all age groups. It is one of important leading cause of death and disability worldwide besides leading to neurological disease burden. Noncontrast enhanced Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is imaging modality of choice for detection of various intracranial lesions. Objectives: This study was done to analyse various imaging findings on MDCT in traumatic head injury patients along with association of CT findings with clinical manifestation and mechanism of injury. Methodology: In this ethically approved prospective study, CT scan was done in 224 consecutive patients with head injury from November 2020 to February 2021. The various imaging findings seen in CT scan were documented in proforma. The data collected was analyzed with appropriate statistical test and statistical significance was calculated. Results: Total of 224 patients with diagnosis of head injury were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 2.86 and most common age group involved was between 20-40years (41.1%). The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (57.6%) and most of the patients presented with history of altered sensorium (35.7%). About 47.3% patients showed abnormal findings on CT scan with scalp lesion was most common findings (82%) followed by skull fractures (54.7%) and cerebral contusions (43.4%). Patients with history of RTA had more abnormal CT scan (62%) than fall injury and physical assault. Statistically significant association seen between CT scan findings with Glasgow Coma Scale and RTA (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed well documented role of CT scan in diagnosis of TBI besides detection of spectrum of intracranial lesions in patients with head trauma. Road traffic accident is most common mode of head injury with most of the victims are young middle age active male. 

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